如何解读血气分析从入门速成到高手课件.ppt

1、Network Optimization Expert Team1/72朱晓波朱晓波Network Optimization Expert Team2/72Network Optimization Expert Team3/72病例分析病例分析 ？Network Optimization Expert Team4/72病历分析病历分析Network Optimization Expert Team5/72为什么要解读血气分析？为什么要解读血气分析？Network Optimization Expert Team6/72酸碱失衡的类型酸碱失衡的类型Network Optimization Exp

2、ert Team7/72血气分析的常用指标血气分析的常用指标Network Optimization Expert Team8/72PaOPaO2 2（动脉血氧分压）（动脉血氧分压）Network Optimization Expert Team9/72动脉血二氧化碳分压（动脉血二氧化碳分压（PaCOPaCO2 2）Network Optimization Expert Team10/72动脉血动脉血pHpHNetwork Optimization Expert Team11/72碳酸氢根（碳酸氢根（HCOHCO3 3 ）Network Optimization Expert Team12/7

3、2血清电解质血清电解质 Network Optimization Expert Team13/72其他指标其他指标Network Optimization Expert Team14/72静脉血气与动脉血气的差别静脉血气与动脉血气的差别p当循环功能不好时，动脉和中心静脉之间的PH、PCO2、HCO3- 差值会增大，提示预后不好p静脉血气分析只能用于判断酸碱失衡，不能用于判断呼吸功能Network Optimization Expert Team15/72血气分析入门血气分析入门 -三步法三步法Network Optimization Expert Team16/72血气分析三步法血气分析三步法

4、Network Optimization Expert Team17/72具体方法具体方法 酸中毒酸中毒呼吸性呼吸性pHpHPaCO2PaCO2酸中毒酸中毒代谢性代谢性pHpHPaCO2PaCO2碱中毒碱中毒呼吸性呼吸性pHpHPaCO2PaCO2碱中毒碱中毒代谢性代谢性pHpHPaCO2PaCO2Network Optimization Expert Team18/72练习（练习（1 1）Network Optimization Expert Team19/72练习（练习（2 2）原发呼碱并代酸？原发呼碱并代酸？HCOHCO3-3-? ?进一步分析进一步分析Network Optimizat

5、ion Expert Team20/72升华升华血气分析六步法血气分析六步法Network Optimization Expert Team21/72血气分析六步法血气分析六步法Network Optimization Expert Team22/72血气分析六步法血气分析六步法Network Optimization Expert Team23/72 Henderson-Hasselbalch公式公式 Network Optimization Expert Team24/72H+和和PH换算法换算法 如果如果实测实测pH和和估测估测H+数值不一致，数值不一致，该血气结果有误该血气结果有误Ne

6、twork Optimization Expert Team25/72血气分析六步法血气分析六步法Network Optimization Expert Team26/72血气分析六步法血气分析六步法Network Optimization Expert Team27/72血气分析六步法血气分析六步法Network Optimization Expert Team28/72酸碱预计代偿公式酸碱预计代偿公式Network Optimization Expert Team29/72血气分析六步法血气分析六步法Network Optimization Expert Team30/72阴离子间隙（阴离

7、子间隙（Anion gap, AGAnion gap, AG） NaNa + U + U阳阳 HCOHCO3 3- - + Cl- + U + Cl- + U阴阴Network Optimization Expert Team31/72AG的评价的评价 HCO3ClHCO3ClHCO3ClNetwork Optimization Expert Team32/72AG的意义的意义Network Optimization Expert Team33/72血气分析六步法血气分析六步法Network Optimization Expert Team34/72潜在的潜在的HCOHCO3 3- -概念概念

8、Network Optimization Expert Team35/72血气分析六步法血气分析六步法Network Optimization Expert Team36/72病例一病例一Network Optimization Expert Team37/72病例一病例一pHpH估测估测HH+ +(mmol/L)(mmol/L)7.057.0589897.107.1079797.207.2063637.257.2556567.307.3050507.357.3545457.407.4040407.457.4535357.507.5032327.557.5528287.607.6025257.

9、657.652222pH 7.14，PaCO2 32mmHg，HCO3- 8mmol/LNetwork Optimization Expert Team38/72病例二病例二 男性，男性，2222岁岁，咳嗽、咳痰、高热，咳嗽、咳痰、高热2 2天天，糖尿病病史，糖尿病病史2 2年年 查血气及电解质查血气及电解质pH 7.19pH 7.19，P Pa aCOCO2 2 15mmHg15mmHg，POPO2 2102mmHg102mmHg，HCOHCO3 3- - 6mmol/L 6mmol/L血糖血糖 22 mmol/L 22 mmol/L，NaNa+ +128 mmol/L, Cl128 mmo

10、l/L, Cl- -94 mmol/L94 mmol/LNetwork Optimization Expert Team39/72病例二病例二pHpH估测估测HH+ +(mmol/L)(mmol/L)7.007.001001007.057.0589897.107.1079797.157.1571717.207.2063637.257.2556567.307.3050507.357.3545457.407.4040407.457.4535357.507.5032327.557.5528287.607.6025257.657.652222Network Optimization Expert Te

11、am40/72病例二病例二酸中毒酸中毒呼吸性呼吸性pHpHPaCO2PaCO2酸中毒酸中毒代谢性代谢性pHpHPaCO2PaCO2碱中毒碱中毒呼吸性呼吸性pHpHPaCO2PaCO2碱中毒碱中毒代谢性代谢性pHpHPaCO2PaCO2Network Optimization Expert Team41/72病例二病例二异异 常常预期代偿反应预期代偿反应校正因子校正因子代谢性酸中毒代谢性酸中毒PaCOPaCO2 2=(1.5=(1.5HCOHCO3 3- -)+8)+8 2 2急性呼吸性酸中毒急性呼吸性酸中毒HCOHCO3 3- -=24+(PaCO=24+(PaCO2 2-40)-40)101

12、0 3 3慢性呼吸性酸中毒（慢性呼吸性酸中毒（3-53-5天）天）HCOHCO3 3- -=24+3.5=24+3.5(PaCO(PaCO2 2-40)-40) /10/105.585.58代谢性碱中毒代谢性碱中毒PaCOPaCO2 2=40+0.9=40+0.9(HCO(HCO3 3- -24)-24)5 5急性呼吸性碱中毒急性呼吸性碱中毒HCOHCO3 3- -=24-2=24-2(40-PaCO(40-PaCO2 2)/10)/102.52.5慢性呼吸性碱中毒慢性呼吸性碱中毒HCOHCO3 3- -=24-5=24-5(40-PaCO(40-PaCO2 2) ) /10/102.52.5

13、Network Optimization Expert Team42/72病例二病例二Network Optimization Expert Team43/72病例三病例三Network Optimization Expert Team44/72病例三病例三pHpH估测估测HH+ +(mmol/L)(mmol/L)7.007.001001007.057.0589897.107.1079797.157.1571717.207.2063637.257.2556567.307.3050507.357.3545457.407.4040407.457.4535357.507.5032327.557.55

14、28287.607.6025257.657.652222Network Optimization Expert Team45/72病例三病例三酸中毒酸中毒呼吸性呼吸性pH pH PaCO2 PaCO2 酸中毒酸中毒代谢性代谢性pH pH PaCO2 PaCO2 碱中毒碱中毒呼吸性呼吸性pH pH PaCO2 PaCO2 碱中毒碱中毒代谢性代谢性pH pH PaCO2 PaCO2 Network Optimization Expert Team46/72病例三病例三异常异常预期代偿反应预期代偿反应校正因子校正因子代谢性酸中毒代谢性酸中毒PaCOPaCO2 2=(1.5=(1.5HCOHCO3 3

15、- -)+8)+8 2 2急性呼吸性酸中毒急性呼吸性酸中毒HCOHCO3 3- -=24+(PaCO=24+(PaCO2 2-40)-40)1010 3 3慢性呼吸性酸中毒（慢性呼吸性酸中毒（3-53-5）HCOHCO3 3- -=24+3.5=24+3.5(PaCO(PaCO2 2-40)-40) /10/105.585.58代谢性碱中毒代谢性碱中毒PaCOPaCO2 2=40+0.9=40+0.9(HCO(HCO3 3- -24)-24)5 5急性呼吸性碱中毒急性呼吸性碱中毒HCOHCO3 3- -=24-2=24-2(40-PaCO(40-PaCO2 2)/10)/102.52.5慢性呼

16、吸性碱中毒慢性呼吸性碱中毒HCOHCO3 3- -=24-5=24-5(40-PaCO(40-PaCO2 2) ) /10/102.52.5Network Optimization Expert Team47/72病例三病例三Network Optimization Expert Team48/72病例四病例四Network Optimization Expert Team49/72病例四病例四pHpH估测估测HH+ +(mmol/L)(mmol/L)7.007.001001007.057.0589897.107.1079797.157.1571717.207.2063637.257.2556

17、567.307.3050507.357.3545457.407.4040407.457.4535357.507.5032327.557.5528287.607.6025257.657.652222Network Optimization Expert Team50/72病例四病例四酸中毒酸中毒呼吸性呼吸性pH pH PaCO2 PaCO2 酸中毒酸中毒代谢性代谢性pH pH PaCO2 PaCO2 碱中毒碱中毒呼吸性呼吸性pH pH PaCO2 PaCO2 碱中毒碱中毒代谢性代谢性pH pH PaCO2 PaCO2 Network Optimization Expert Team51/72病例

18、四病例四异常异常预期代偿反应预期代偿反应校正因子校正因子代谢性酸中毒代谢性酸中毒PaCOPaCO2 2=(1.5=(1.5HCOHCO3 3- -)+8)+8 2 2急性呼吸性酸中毒急性呼吸性酸中毒HCOHCO3 3- -=24+(PaCO=24+(PaCO2 2-40)-40)1010 3 3慢性呼吸性酸中毒（慢性呼吸性酸中毒（3-53-5天）天）HCOHCO3 3- -=24+3.5=24+3.5(PaCO(PaCO2 2-40)-40) /10/105.585.58代谢性碱中毒代谢性碱中毒PaCOPaCO2 2=40+0.9=40+0.9(HCO(HCO3 3- -24)-24)5 5急

19、性呼吸性碱中毒急性呼吸性碱中毒HCOHCO3 3- -=24-2=24-2(40-PaCO(40-PaCO2 2)/10)/102.52.5慢性呼吸性碱中毒慢性呼吸性碱中毒HCOHCO3 3- -=24-5=24-5(40-PaCO(40-PaCO2 2) ) /10/102.52.5Network Optimization Expert Team52/72病例四病例四Network Optimization Expert Team53/72病例五病例五Network Optimization Expert Team54/72病例五病例五pHpH估测估测HH+ +(mmol/L)(mmol/L

20、)7.007.001001007.057.0589897.107.1079797.157.1571717.207.2063637.257.2556567.307.3050507.357.3545457.407.4040407.457.4535357.507.5032327.557.5528287.607.6025257.657.652222Network Optimization Expert Team55/72病例五病例五酸中毒酸中毒呼吸性呼吸性pH pH PaCO2 PaCO2 酸中毒酸中毒代谢性代谢性pH pH PaCO2 PaCO2 碱中毒碱中毒呼吸性呼吸性pH pH PaCO2 Pa

21、CO2 碱中毒碱中毒代谢性代谢性pH pH PaCO2 PaCO2 Network Optimization Expert Team56/72病例五病例五异常异常预期代偿反应预期代偿反应校正因子校正因子代谢性酸中毒代谢性酸中毒PaCOPaCO2 2=(1.5=(1.5HCOHCO3 3- -)+8)+8 2 2急性呼吸性酸中毒急性呼吸性酸中毒HCOHCO3 3- -=24+(PaCO=24+(PaCO2 2-40)-40)1010 3 3慢性呼吸性酸中毒（慢性呼吸性酸中毒（3-53-5天）天）HCOHCO3 3- -=24+3.5=24+3.5(PaCO(PaCO2 2-40)-40) /10

22、/105.585.58代谢性碱中毒代谢性碱中毒PaCOPaCO2 2=40+0.9=40+0.9(HCO(HCO3 3- -24)-24)5 5急性呼吸性碱中毒急性呼吸性碱中毒HCOHCO3 3- -=24-2=24-2(40-PaCO(40-PaCO2 2)/10)/102.52.5慢性呼吸性碱中毒慢性呼吸性碱中毒HCOHCO3 3- -=24-5=24-5(40-PaCO(40-PaCO2 2) ) /10/102.52.5Network Optimization Expert Team57/72病例五病例五Network Optimization Expert Team58/72病例六病

23、例六Network Optimization Expert Team59/72病例六病例六pHpH估测估测HH+ +(mmol/L)(mmol/L)7.007.001001007.057.0589897.107.1079797.157.1571717.207.2063637.257.2556567.307.3050507.357.3545457.407.4040407.457.4535357.507.5032327.557.5528287.607.6025257.657.652222Network Optimization Expert Team60/72病例六病例六酸中毒酸中毒呼吸性呼吸性p

24、H pH PaCO2 PaCO2 酸中毒酸中毒代谢性代谢性pH pH PaCO2 PaCO2 碱中毒碱中毒呼吸性呼吸性pH pH PaCO2 PaCO2 碱中毒碱中毒代谢性代谢性pH pH PaCO2 PaCO2 Network Optimization Expert Team61/72病例六病例六异常异常预期代偿反应预期代偿反应校正因子校正因子代谢性酸中毒代谢性酸中毒PaCOPaCO2 2=(1.5=(1.5HCOHCO3 3- -)+8)+8 2 2急性呼吸性酸中毒急性呼吸性酸中毒HCOHCO3 3- -=24+(PaCO=24+(PaCO2 2-40)-40)1010 3 3慢性呼吸性酸

25、中毒（慢性呼吸性酸中毒（3-53-5天）天）HCOHCO3 3- -=24+3.5=24+3.5(PaCO(PaCO2 2-40)-40) /10/105.585.58代谢性碱中毒代谢性碱中毒PaCOPaCO2 2=40+0.9=40+0.9(HCO(HCO3 3- -24)-24)5 5急性呼吸性碱中毒急性呼吸性碱中毒HCOHCO3 3- -=24-2=24-2(40-PaCO(40-PaCO2 2)/10)/102.52.5慢性呼吸性碱中毒慢性呼吸性碱中毒HCOHCO3 3- -=24-5=24-5(40-PaCO(40-PaCO2 2) ) /10/102.52.5Network Opt

26、imization Expert Team62/72病例六病例六Network Optimization Expert Team63/72病例七病例七Network Optimization Expert Team64/72病例七病例七pHpH估测估测HH+ +(mmol/L)(mmol/L)7.007.001001007.057.0589897.107.1079797.157.1571717.207.2063637.257.2556567.307.3050507.357.3545457.407.4040407.457.4535357.507.5032327.557.5528287.607.6

27、025257.657.652222Network Optimization Expert Team65/72病例七病例七酸中毒酸中毒呼吸性呼吸性pH pH PaCO2 PaCO2 酸中毒酸中毒代谢性代谢性pH pH PaCO2 PaCO2 碱中毒碱中毒呼吸性呼吸性pH pH PaCO2 PaCO2 碱中毒碱中毒代谢性代谢性pH pH PaCO2 PaCO2 Network Optimization Expert Team66/72病例七病例七异常异常预期代偿反应预期代偿反应校正因子校正因子代谢性酸中毒代谢性酸中毒PaCOPaCO2 2=(1.5=(1.5HCOHCO3 3- -)+8)+8 2

28、 2急性呼吸性酸中毒急性呼吸性酸中毒HCOHCO3 3- -=24+(PaCO=24+(PaCO2 2-40)-40)1010 3 3慢性呼吸性酸中毒（慢性呼吸性酸中毒（3-53-5天）天）HCOHCO3 3- -=24+3.5=24+3.5(PaCO(PaCO2 2-40)-40) /10/105.585.58代谢性碱中毒代谢性碱中毒PaCOPaCO2 2=40+0.9=40+0.9(HCO(HCO3 3- -24)-24)5 5急性呼吸性碱中毒急性呼吸性碱中毒HCOHCO3 3- -=24-2=24-2(40-PaCO(40-PaCO2 2)/10)/102.52.5慢性呼吸性碱中毒慢性呼

29、吸性碱中毒HCOHCO3 3- -=24-5=24-5(40-PaCO(40-PaCO2 2) ) /10/102.52.5Network Optimization Expert Team67/72病例七病例七Network Optimization Expert Team68/72异常异常预期代偿反应预期代偿反应校正因子校正因子代谢性酸中毒代谢性酸中毒PaCOPaCO2 2=(1.5=(1.5HCOHCO3 3- -)+8)+8 2 2急性呼吸性酸中毒急性呼吸性酸中毒HCOHCO3 3- -=24+(PaCO=24+(PaCO2 2-40)-40)1010 3 3慢性呼吸性酸中毒（慢性呼吸性

30、酸中毒（3-53-5天）天）HCOHCO3 3- -=24+3.5=24+3.5(PaCO(PaCO2 2-40)-40) /10/105.585.58代谢性碱中毒代谢性碱中毒PaCOPaCO2 2=40+0.9=40+0.9(HCO(HCO3 3- -24)-24)5 5急性呼吸性碱中毒急性呼吸性碱中毒HCOHCO3 3- -=24-2=24-2(40-PaCO(40-PaCO2 2)/10)/102.52.5慢性呼吸性碱中毒慢性呼吸性碱中毒HCOHCO3 3- -=24-5=24-5(40-PaCO(40-PaCO2 2) ) /10/102.52.5pH 7.42、PaCO2 66 、H

31、CO3- 42.3 、Na+ 137、 Cl- 96Network Optimization Expert Team70/72异常异常预期代偿反应预期代偿反应校正因子校正因子代谢性酸中毒代谢性酸中毒PaCOPaCO2 2=(1.5=(1.5HCOHCO3 3- -)+8)+8 2 2急性呼吸性酸中毒急性呼吸性酸中毒HCOHCO3 3- -=24+(PaCO=24+(PaCO2 2-40)-40)1010 3 3慢性呼吸性酸中毒（慢性呼吸性酸中毒（3-53-5天）天）HCOHCO3 3- -=24+3.5=24+3.5(PaCO(PaCO2 2-40)-40) /10/105.585.58代谢性

32、碱中毒代谢性碱中毒PaCOPaCO2 2=40+0.9=40+0.9(HCO(HCO3 3- -24)-24)5 5急性呼吸性碱中毒急性呼吸性碱中毒HCOHCO3 3- -=24-2=24-2(40-PaCO(40-PaCO2 2)/10)/102.52.5慢性呼吸性碱中毒慢性呼吸性碱中毒HCOHCO3 3- -=24-5=24-5(40-PaCO(40-PaCO2 2) ) /10/102.52.5Network Optimization Expert Team71/72？异常异常预期代偿反应预期代偿反应校正因子校正因子代谢性酸中毒代谢性酸中毒PaCOPaCO2 2=(1.5=(1.5HCO

33、HCO3 3- -)+8)+8 2 2急性呼吸性酸中毒急性呼吸性酸中毒HCOHCO3 3- -=24+(PaCO=24+(PaCO2 2-40)-40)1010 3 3慢性呼吸性酸中毒（慢性呼吸性酸中毒（3-53-5天）天）HCOHCO3 3- -=24+3.5=24+3.5(PaCO(PaCO2 2-40)-40) /10/105.585.58代谢性碱中毒代谢性碱中毒PaCOPaCO2 2=40+0.9=40+0.9(HCO(HCO3 3- -24)-24)5 5急性呼吸性碱中毒急性呼吸性碱中毒HCOHCO3 3- -=24-2=24-2(40-PaCO(40-PaCO2 2)/10)/102.52.5慢性呼吸性碱中毒慢性呼吸性碱中毒HCOHCO3 3- -=24-5=24-5(40-PaCO(40-PaCO2 2) ) /10/102.52.5Network Optimization Expert Team72/72代偿是否恰当 计算AG潜在HCO3-评估准确性 定酸碱分呼吸与代谢