1、中考英语语法知识介词的用法一、about的用法关于(某人或物)What is she worriedabout?她在担心什么呢?在 各 处;在附近He looked about the hall,but saw nobody.他环顾大厅,可是一个人也没看见。目的是;为了;涉及Movies are all about making money thesedays.当今电影全都是为了赚钱。二、 above的用法意为“在以上,高于;超过”(表示职位、数量、年龄等)He is the man above her.他是她的上司。The stone weighs above one ton.这块石头重一吨
2、多。She is above fifty years old.她 50 多岁了。意为“在上方”(表示位置)The whole sky above us is filled with stars.我们上方的整片天空布满了星星。三、 against的用法逆,顶着;靠着,倚靠;撞击(表示方向或位置)Birds fly slowly against the wind.鸟逆风飞得慢。He stood with his back against the wall.他背靠墙站着。The cold rain beat against the window.冷雨敲窗。反对(与 for 意义相反);违背I don
3、t know whether he is for or against it.我不知道他是赞成还是反对它。防备,以防They have got prepared against flood.他们已经做好了防洪准备。衬托Flowers look better against green leaves.好花还需绿叶衬。与比赛Well be competing against some of thebest companies in Europe.我们将要和欧洲的一些最好的公司竞争。四、as的用法表示“作为,当作”I speak now as a friend,not as a teacher.现在
4、我以朋友而不是老师的身份来讲话。用于习惯用语中As for me,I dont mind going there by train.至于我,我不介意坐火车去那里。五、at的用法表示“在(某处)She is at Toms.她在汤姆家。表示“处于.状态”She is at lunch.她在吃午饭。at work/play工作/游戏中表示“在时刻/钟点/时期/岁”A woman came in just at that moment.就在那时一位女士进来了。以(表示速度、价格等)The train runs at about 120 miles an hour.火车以每小时大约 120 英里的速度
5、行驶。与动词连用表示“对,向,朝”(表示目标、方向等)。常与动词 laugh, look, shoot, point等连用Dont laugh at me!不要嘲笑我!表示“在方面”She is good at playing the piano.她擅长弹钢琴。表示“应 请求/号召/邀请”She agreed to come at our request.她应我们的请求同意来。与形容词连用,表示“因 而”,常见的这类词组有:be surprised at sth., be shocked at sth., be angry at sth.They were very surprised at
6、the news.听到这个消息他们非常惊讶。提供电话号码时使用You can reach me at 637-2335.你可以打637-2335 与我联系。用于电子邮箱地址中的符号六、 beyond的用法表示“(时间)过了,比晚,迟于”They arrived beyond nine oclock.他们过了9点才到。表示“(位置)在的那边,在以外”The small village is 20 miles beyond the town.那个小村庄在离城镇20英里以外的地方。表示“为所不及,超出之外”This book is beyond me.这本书我看不懂。Her work is beyo
7、nd praise.她的工作令人赞不绝口。表示“除 外”I know nothing beyond this.除此以外,我什么都不知道。七、 by的用法表示“在 旁边,靠近”(与 beside意义相近)Harry is standing by the window.哈里正站在窗户旁边。表示“用,靠;通过,借助于”(表示方法、手段)Did you come by train or by air?你是乘火车还是乘飞机来的?He makes a living by sellingnewspapers.他以卖报为生。按照,以It is eight oclock by my watch.我的表现在是8点
8、。表示“在前,不迟于”(表示时间)Can you return the book by Monday?星期一之前你能还书吗?表示“经 过,在旁边”(表示动作的方向、位置)I go by the store on my way to work.我上班经过那家商店。表示“因,由于”They met by chance.他们不期而遇。He took my book bymistake.他错拿了我的书。表示“被,由”(用于被动语态,后接动作的执行者)The book was written by an American writer.这本书是一位美国作家写的。表示变化或差异的程度It needs to
9、 be longer by two feet.它需要再长两英尺。表示抓住身体或物的某部分I took him by the hand.我拉着他的手。表示“在 期间”to travel by day/night白天/夜间旅行八、for的用法表示“为了,替,给”(表示目的、对象)The students are preparing for the exam.学生们正在为考试做准备。表示“向,往”(表示方向)The train is for Beijing.这列火车开往北京。表示“历经,计,达”(表示时间、距离)We walked for miles.我们走了好几英里路。表示“以的代价,以的价钱”(
10、表示买卖、交换)I bought a dictionary for 5 dollars.我花五美元买了一本词典。He agreed to give her 300 dollars for thepicture.他同意给她300美元买下那幅画。表示“支持,赞成”(反义词为 against)No one is for the proposal.没有人支持这项提议。表示“因为,由于”The place is famous for its hot springs.这个地方以它的温泉著名。表示“当作,作为”What did you have for lunch?你午饭吃的什么?表示“就而言”It is
11、warm for March.3月份这种天气够暖和的了。表示“对来说”Doing exercise is good for our health.做运动对我们的健康是有好处的。表示“对,对于”(表示感情、能力)She has an ear for music.她对音乐有鉴赏力。He has a gift for music.他在音乐方面有天赋。用在词组里for sale 待售for nothing/free 免费法九、from的用法自,从,来 自(表示起点、来源)She got a letter from her mother.她收到了她母亲的来信。从开始(表示开始的时间)Were open
12、from 8 a.m. to 7 p.m. every day.我们每天从早8点至晚7点营业。因为,由于(表示原因、动机)She felt tired from a whole days work.她工作了一整天,感到很累。离(表示距离)How far is your hometown from here?你的家乡离这儿多远?由制成(表示看不出原材料)Wine can be made from rice.米可以酿酒。使免于,使免受These books were saved fromdamage.这些书没有遭到破坏。由(来看)(区别二者时用)Judging from his pronuncia
13、tion, he is an Englishman.从他的发音判断,他是英格兰人。与(不同)I cant tell one twin from the other.我分不出双胞胎中谁是谁。注意:from可用在下列词组中:prevent / stop sb. (from) doing sth. 表示“阻止某人做某事”:far from it 远非如此十、of的用法表示所属关系,“的”a friend of mine我的一个朋友the secret of success成功的秘诀表示同位关系The city of Beijing is very beautiful.北京市很美丽。关于(表示动作对象
14、,常与 hear, think, talk, read等连用)I havent heard of her recently.我近来没听到过她的消息。此类搭配还有:remind sb. of sth.使某人想起某事warn sb.of sth.提醒某人注意某事表示被动关系It is just a waste of time.这只是浪费时间。the discovery of America美洲的发现表示特征、性质、情绪状况He is just a boyof ten.他只是个10岁的男孩。表示出身、原材料The ring is made ofgold.这个戒指是金子做的。表示原因He died o
15、f cancer.他死于癌症。be proud of sth.为某事自豪用于“形容词+ of+名词/代词”结构中It was rude of her to say so.她那样说不礼貌。of+抽象名词=形容词of+great+抽象名词=very+同根形容词of+no+抽象名词=not+同根形容词=带有否定前缀un-或否定后缀-less的同根形容词It is of great value.=It is very valuable.它很有价值。十一、on的用法表示“在之上”(尤指在某物的表面上)on the wall在墙上 on the desk 在书桌上on the Thames 在泰晤士河上表
16、示“从事处于情况中”He saw a soldier on watch at the door.他看见门口有一个士兵在站岗。She is still on holiday.她仍在休假。表示“关于,涉及”They differ from each other on some important matters.他们在一些重要问题上有分歧。表示“按照,凭,依靠”You should act on his advice.你应该按照他的建议行事。表示“一.就”(表示时间后接名词或动名词)On hearing the news,she left forNanjing.她一听到消息就动身去南京了。表示“使
17、用通过”They talked on the telephone.他们在电话中交谈。表示“是的成员;在供职”She is on the committee.她是委员之一。表示“身上带着;有”Have you got any money on you?你身上有钱吗?在(某一天或某一天的上午、下午、晚上)on Christmas Day在圣诞节十二、over的用法表示“在上方,在上面”(表示地点,与不接触)The plane flew over the woods.飞机从树林上方飞过。表示“(职位、权力、年龄、数目等)高于,超过”There are over twenty students in
18、the class.教室里有 20 多个学生。表示“到处;各处”The news spread all over the country.那个消息传遍了全国。表示“通过(无线电、电话等)”He learned English over the radio.他通过收音机学英语。表示“在 期间”She made a trip over the last summer holiday.她去年暑假去旅行了。表示“(部分或全部)覆盖在上面”She put a blanket over the sleeping child.她给睡着的孩子盖上了毯子。表示“越过,从一边到另一边”(表示动作方向)He can
19、 jump over the wall.他能够跳过那堵墙。表示“关于,对于,为,在方面”Its no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。十三、under的用法在下面,在底下(表示位置,其反义词为 over)Dont stand under a tree during a thunderstorm.雷雨天气时不要站在树底下。低于,少于,在以下(表示数量、年龄等)Children under 6 years old are admitted free.未满6岁的儿童可免费入场。由控制It was reformed under Elizabeth I.它在伊丽莎白一世作
20、了改革。受影响;在之下(表示负荷、条件、制约等)Ive been feeling under stress lately.我最近一直感觉有压力。在期间,在过程中under discussion 正在讨论中under consideration 正在考虑中十四、 with的用法和一起,跟在一起,同She lived with her mother.她同她母亲生活在一起。表示“带有,具有”(表示从属关系)The girl with glasses is Rosa.戴眼镜的那个女孩是罗莎。China is a country with a long history.中国是一个历史悠久的国家。表示“因
21、为,由于”(表示原因)He is down with high fever.他因为发高烧而情绪低落。表示“用,使用”(表示工具、手段等)She saw the strange bird with her own eyes.她亲眼看见了那只奇怪的鸟。表示“对,对来说,关于”(表示对象)She is getting along well with other students.她同别的学生相处融洽。表示“与同时,随着”(表示时间)With these words, he went out.说着这些话,他就出去了。with的复合结构,即“with+名词/代词+宾补”。with 的宾补可以是不定式、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、形容词、副词等The boy is used to sleeping with the window open.那个男孩习惯开着窗户睡觉。Her father went out with his cap on.她父亲戴着帽子出去了。He left with all the work finished.他做完所有的工作后离开了。7