1、一、主语一、主语主语是执行句子的行为或动作的主体,如“我写字”中的“我”,就是主语,它做出“写”这个动作。“写”则是谓语,而“字”是接受谓语“写”这个动作的对象,它因此被称为宾语。主语可以这些列词类或形式来担任:名词,代词,数词,名词化了的动词,形容词,分词等,动词不定式或不定式短语,从句。1.名词作主语These flowers are beautiful.2.代词作主语She is my good friend.3.数词作主语One and one is two.4.动名词作主语Smoking is bad for health.5.不定式作主语To do morning exercise
2、s is good for your health.6.名词化的形容词或过去分词The poor/the disabled/the sick need help.7.名词化的介词短语From my home to school is three kilometers.8.8.句子作主语What we will do next is not decided.二、谓语二、谓语谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”.谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。三、宾语三、宾语宾语,又称受词,是指一个动作(动词)的接受者。宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语两大类,其中直接宾语指动作的直接
3、对象,间接宾语说明动作的非直接。Show me(间接宾语)your tickets(直接宾语),please.give sb sth give sth to sbI give you a book.I give a book to you.宾语一般用在及物动词的后面,表示行为动 词所涉及的对象。一.名词作宾语Show your passport,please.请出示护照。二.代词作宾语She didnt say anything.她什么也没说。三.数词作宾语How many do you want?I want two.你要几个?我要两个。四.名词化的形容词作宾语They sent the i
4、njured to hospital.他们把伤员送到医院。五.不定式或ing形式作宾语They asked to see my passport.他们要求看我的护照。I enjoy working with you.我和你们一道工作很愉快。六.从句作宾语Did you write down what he said?你把他的话写下了没有?表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的,表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当,它常位于系动词(be,become,appear,seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词)之后。四、表语四、
5、表语一.名词作表语Africa is a big continent.非洲是个大洲。That remains a puzzle to me.这对我还是个难题。二.代词作表语Whats your fax number?你的传真号是多少?Whos your best friend?你最好的朋友是谁?三.形容词作表语I feel much better today.我今天感觉好多了。四.数词作表语She was the first to learn about it.她是第一个知道的人。五.不定式或ing形式作表语Her job is selling computers.她的工作是销售电脑。Our
6、next step was to get raw materials ready.我们下一步是把原料准备好。定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。主要有形容词此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。五、定语五、定语1.名词作定语The boy needs a ball pen.(ball修饰名词pen)男孩需要一支圆珠笔。2.分词作定语 The smiling boy needs a pen.(smiling 修饰名词boy)那个微笑的男孩需要一支钢笔。3.定语从句The boy who is reading needs a pen.(who修饰名词boy)那个在阅读的男孩需要一支钢笔。Thank you