1、共 112 页1选修选修8Unit 5Meeting your ancestors共 112 页2.词汇短语过关词汇短语过关1alternative n.可能的可能的选择;选择;adj.供选择的;其他的供选择的;其他的an alternative to.的替代品的替代品alternative energy 可替代能源可替代能源have no alternative but to do sth.除了做某事除了做某事别无选择别无选择=have no choice but to do sth.=have nothing to do but do共 112 页3e.g.除了放弃那个计划,我别无选择。除
2、了放弃那个计划,我别无选择。I have no alternative but to give up the plan.=I have no choice but to give up the plan.=I have nothing to do but give up the plan.共 112 页4即学即练即学即练(1)Have you got an _ suggestion?你有没有其他的建议?你有没有其他的建议?(2)We have _.除了继续下去,除了继续下去,我们没有选择的余地我们没有选择的余地。alternativeno alternative but to go on共 1
3、12 页52interrupt vi.打岔打岔=cut in 插嘴,插嘴,打断打断 vt.暂时中断或中止暂时中断或中止 interrupt sb.打断某人的讲话或正在做的事打断某人的讲话或正在做的事 disturb sb.打扰某人打扰某人 interruption n.中断,打断中断,打断 without interruption 不间断地不间断地共 112 页6即学即练即学即练(1)Dont _ me while Im busy.我正忙着,不要打搅我。我正忙着,不要打搅我。(2)Traffic in the city _ a snowstorm.市内交通被暴风雪所阻断。市内交通被暴风雪所阻断
4、。interruptwas interrupted by共 112 页73assume v.假定;设想假定;设想assumption n.假定,假设假定,假设assume sb./sth.to be 假定假定 某人某人/某事为某事为 sb.assume thatclause 某人某人认为认为It is assumed that 人们认为人们认为 assuming that.suppose/supposing that 假设假设共 112 页8即学即练即学即练(1)You _ his innocence before hearing the evidence against him.You _
5、him _ innocent before hearing the evidence against him.You _ he is innocent before hearing the evidence against him.在听到对他不利的证言前,你假定他是无罪在听到对他不利的证言前,你假定他是无罪的。的。assumeassumeto beassume that共 112 页9(2)_/_/_(that)it rains,what shall we do?假如下雨的假如下雨的话,我们怎么办?话,我们怎么办?Assuming SupposeSupposing共 112 页104someh
6、ow adv.用某种方法,不知怎么地,用某种方法,不知怎么地,不知为什么不知为什么somehow adv.在句中做状语修饰动词在句中做状语修饰动词,位置比位置比较灵活较灵活somewhat 稍微稍微,有点有点anyhow 无论如何无论如何anyway 无论如何;不管怎样;用任何方式无论如何;不管怎样;用任何方式共 112 页11即学即练即学即练(1)_ he was afraid of her.不知为什么,他怕她。不知为什么,他怕她。(2)Dont worry,well get the money back _.别担心,我们总会把那些钱拿回来的。别担心,我们总会把那些钱拿回来的。Somehow
7、somehow共 112 页12(3)I was _ surprised.我有点儿吃惊。我有点儿吃惊。(4)It may rain,but we shall go _.可能要下雨,不过我们照走不误。可能要下雨,不过我们照走不误。somewhatanyway共 112 页135arrest n.逮捕;拘留逮捕;拘留vt.逮捕;吸引逮捕;吸引arrest sb.for 因因而逮捕某人而逮捕某人get arrested 遭逮捕遭逮捕arrest ones attention 引起注意引起注意即学即练即学即练(1)Embry _ stealing cars.恩布里因为偷车而被捕了。恩布里因为偷车而被捕
8、了。was arrested for共 112 页146regardless of 不管;不顾不管;不顾in spite of 尽管;不管尽管;不管=despite 不管;尽管不管;尽管in regard to/of.关于关于with regard to 关于关于regarding prep.关于关于共 112 页15提示:提示:regardless of,in spite of和和 despite 是介是介词短语词短语,后跟名词。,后跟名词。即学即练即学即练(1)They decorated the house _ the high cost.他们不惜高额的他们不惜高额的费用装修房子。费用装
9、修房子。(2)They continued to work _ the fact that it was raining.尽管天在下雨,他尽管天在下雨,他们还继续工作。们还继续工作。regardless ofregardless of共 112 页167at most至多至多at(the)most至多至多,不超过不超过at(the)least至少至少,不低于;无论如何不低于;无论如何most of all尤其尤其,特别特别make the most of(make full use of)充分利用充分利用not in the least(not at all)一点也不一点也不共 112 页17
10、即学即练即学即练(1)I can pay you 10 pounds _.我最多付给你我最多付给你1010英镑。英镑。(2)There were only 30 people at the meeting _.最多只有最多只有3030个人参加了那个会议。个人参加了那个会议。(3)It will cost _ 150.这至少价值这至少价值150150英镑。英镑。at(the)mostat(the)mostat least共 112 页188cut up 切碎;割碎切碎;割碎cut down 砍掉,砍掉,砍倒;缩减砍倒;缩减,减少减少,削减削减cut through 剪断剪断,凿穿;抄近路穿过凿穿
11、;抄近路穿过cut out 剪下剪下,切掉切掉,割掉;删除;住口割掉;删除;住口cut in 插嘴插嘴,插入;打断插入;打断(谈话谈话)cut off 切掉;割掉;剪下切掉;割掉;剪下,删去;切断删去;切断,断断 绝;使分离绝;使分离,使隔绝;打断使隔绝;打断,(突然突然)中止中止,中断中断cut away 去掉;切掉;砍掉去掉;切掉;砍掉共 112 页19即学即练即学即练(1)_ the carrots before you put them into the pot.把胡萝卜切把胡萝卜切碎后再放进锅内。碎后再放进锅内。The cook _ the meat for the pie.这厨师将
12、肉切碎做肉饼。这厨师将肉切碎做肉饼。Cut upcut up共 112 页20(2)用适当的介用适当的介、副词填空副词填空You wont be cutting _ the office staff,then?The gas has been cut_.John and his brother were arguing so their mother told them to cut it _ and go to bed.Mr.Davis cut _ to ask if anyone would like a drink.He cut _ the old branches from the t
13、ree.downoffoutinaway共 112 页219look ahead 向前看;为将来打算向前看;为将来打算look back 回顾;回想回顾;回想look after 照顾照顾,照料照料look up 仰视,查阅仰视,查阅look up to sb.尊敬某人尊敬某人look down on/upon sb.轻视;瞧不起轻视;瞧不起look into sth.调查调查look over 浏览检查浏览检查,察看察看look through 翻阅翻阅,查找查找共 112 页22即学即练即学即练(1)Just _ and youll see a tower.只要向前望去,你就可以看到一座塔
14、。只要向前望去,你就可以看到一座塔。(2)It is better to _ and get prepared than to _ and regret.宁可展望未来做好准备也不要回顾过去来懊悔。宁可展望未来做好准备也不要回顾过去来懊悔。(3)We must _ before we make a decision.我们作出决定之前必须想得远一点。我们作出决定之前必须想得远一点。look aheadlook aheadlook backlook ahead共 112 页2310date back to追溯到;上溯到追溯到;上溯到 date back todate from因追溯是从现在算起指向过
15、去因追溯是从现在算起指向过去,所以这个短所以这个短语常用一般现在时语常用一般现在时,也没有被动语态也没有被动语态。共 112 页24即学即练即学即练(1)This custom _ the 16th century.这风俗起源于这风俗起源于1616世纪。世纪。(2)This is an old building _ the 16th century.这是一栋追溯至这是一栋追溯至1616世纪的古老世纪的古老建筑物。建筑物。(3)This town _ Roman times.这个城镇可追溯到罗马时代。这个城镇可追溯到罗马时代。dates back todating back todates ba
16、ck to共 112 页2511.significance n意义;重要性 significant adj.重要的;有意义的be of great/no/little significance非常重要的非常重要的/不重要的不重要的/不太重要的不太重要的“beof抽象名词抽象名词”结构结构“beadj.”(这些名词前可用这些名词前可用great,some,no,little 等词等词修饰修饰)共 112 页26be of importance be important重要的重要的be of help be helpful有帮助的有帮助的be of use be useful有用的有用的be of
17、 value be valuable有价值的有价值的be of benefit be beneficial有益的;有好处的有益的;有好处的共 112 页27即学即练即学即练(1)Few people realized the _of the discovery.很少的人意识到这项发现的意义。很少的人意识到这项发现的意义。(2)This new discovery of oil _ to this areas economy.这个油的新发现对于这个地区的经济是非常重这个油的新发现对于这个地区的经济是非常重要的。要的。significanceis of great significance共 11
18、2 页2812.relief n.减轻或解除减轻或解除I felt great relief when I heard I had passed the examination.to ones relief 令令放心的是,令放心的是,令感到宽慰感到宽慰的是的是Much to his relief,finally his lost son was found by the police.to ones surprise to ones delight共 112 页29.重点句型详解重点句型详解1It is a great pleasure to meet you students from En
19、gland.我很高兴遇见你们这些来自英国的学生我很高兴遇见你们这些来自英国的学生pleasure 本来是抽象名词本来是抽象名词,在此句中具体化在此句中具体化,意思是意思是“乐事;快事乐事;快事”。共 112 页30Its a pleasure to meet you.认识你是十分高兴的事认识你是十分高兴的事。She has few pleasures left in life.她生活中已没有什么乐趣了她生活中已没有什么乐趣了。拓展:拓展:抽象名词的具体化是高考的常考点之一,抽象名词的具体化是高考的常考点之一,现总结如下:表示具有某种特性、状态、特点、现总结如下:表示具有某种特性、状态、特点、情
20、感、情绪的人或事,且表示变化了的词义时,情感、情绪的人或事,且表示变化了的词义时,这类抽象名词由于已具体化,这类抽象名词由于已具体化,故可变为可数名词故可变为可数名词。如:。如:共 112 页31a pleasure 乐事乐事 a success 成功的人或事成功的人或事a surprise 奇异的事奇异的事 a failure 失败的人或事失败的人或事a pity 可惜的事可惜的事 a must 必要的事必要的事a worry 令人担忧的事令人担忧的事 a wonder 奇迹奇迹a great help 有帮助的人或事有帮助的人或事 a youth 年轻人年轻人a danger 危险的人或物
21、危险的人或物 a beauty 美人美人共 112 页32即境活用即境活用1She is _ success,_ woman as she is.A/;/Ba;aC/;a Da;/答案:答案:D解析:解析:考查冠词。第一空填考查冠词。第一空填a,表示,表示“一位成一位成功人士功人士”;第二空;第二空 as引导让步状语从句时,引导让步状语从句时,句子需倒装且名词前不填冠词。句子需倒装且名词前不填冠词。共 112 页332We have_been_excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick,which suggests that they mi
22、ght have kept the fire burning all winter.我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰,几乎有六米厚,我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰,几乎有六米厚,这意味着他们可能整个冬天都在烧火。这意味着他们可能整个冬天都在烧火。共 112 页34(1)句中的句中的have been doing是现在完成进行时是现在完成进行时。完成进行时是现在完成时的强调形式完成进行时是现在完成时的强调形式,表示表示动作开始于过去动作开始于过去,持续到现在持续到现在,现在还在进现在还在进行或刚刚结束行或刚刚结束,通常与表示一段时间的状语通常与表示一段时间的状语连用连用,如:如:for hours,sin
23、ce this morning,all day,all week等等,其构成是其构成是“have/hasbeen现在分词现在分词”。共 112 页35【注意【注意】现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别:现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别:二者都可以表示动作的延续二者都可以表示动作的延续We have been living here for ten years.(强调还要继续住下去强调还要继续住下去)I have been looking for my lost book for three days,but I still havent found it.我已经花了三天的时间找我丢失的书,但还我已
24、经花了三天的时间找我丢失的书,但还没有找到。没有找到。共 112 页36We have lived here for ten years.(不知道是否已经结束不知道是否已经结束)在无时间状语的情况下,前者表示动作仍在无时间状语的情况下,前者表示动作仍在进行,而后者则表示动作在过去已结束。在进行,而后者则表示动作在过去已结束。The students have been preparing for the exam.(还在进行还在进行)The students have prepared for the exam.(已经结束已经结束)共 112 页37即境活用即境活用2(1)The two co
25、untries _ to maintain their military equation for many years.Atried Bwas tryingChave tried Dhave been trying答案:答案:D共 112 页383Abruptly she sat down,only_to_be_scooped_up by her laughing,shouting sister,Luna.她突然坐下,结果被她又笑又嚷的妹妹鲁娜抱她突然坐下,结果被她又笑又嚷的妹妹鲁娜抱了起来。了起来。only to be scooped up by her laughing,shouting
26、 sister,Luna是不定式做结果状语,是不定式做结果状语,多表示意料之外的结果。多表示意料之外的结果。共 112 页39He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.他匆匆忙忙地赶到车站他匆匆忙忙地赶到车站,结果发结果发现火车已经开走了现火车已经开走了。提示:提示:ing 形式做结果状语多表示由于前边的形式做结果状语多表示由于前边的动作自然而然地导致后边的结果。如:动作自然而然地导致后边的结果。如:They can eat a person in two minutes,leaving only bones.
27、它们可以在两分钟之内把一个人吃它们可以在两分钟之内把一个人吃光,只剩骨头。光,只剩骨头。共 112 页40European football is played in more than 80 countries,making it the most popular sport.有有80多个国家踢欧式足球,这使得它成为最多个国家踢欧式足球,这使得它成为最流行的运动。流行的运动。即境活用即境活用3The news reporters hurried to the airport,only _ the film stars had left.Ato tell Bto be toldCtelling
28、 Dtold共 112 页41答案:答案:B解析:解析:onlyto do 常做结果状语,故排除常做结果状语,故排除C、D两项。根据句意可知是两项。根据句意可知是“别人告诉记者别人告诉记者”,the news reporters 做主语,需用被动式。做主语,需用被动式。共 112 页42.单词拼写单词拼写1I have to s_ the pencil.It doesnt write well.2Millions will face s_ next year as a result of the drought.3.After her performance,the audience stoo
29、d up and a_ the actress for a long time.4Its widely accepted that botany falls into the c_ of biology.5You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly;those are the two a_.sharpenstarvationapplaudedcategoryalternatives共 112 页436He was _(逮捕逮捕)for murdering.7Children must learn not to _(打断谈话打断谈话)8
30、_(假定假定)it rains tomorrow,what shall we do?9Who will learn a language _(不管不管)of methods,materials,or teachers?10_(不知怎么地不知怎么地),the message was passed.arrestedinterruptAssumingregardlessSomehow 共 112 页44.单项选择单项选择1Would you do me a favor and give me a ride?_.AIts my pleasure BNo troubleCYes,thats right
31、DWith pleasure答案:答案:D解析:解析:本题考查口语情景回答。从语境分析,此处应该表示本题考查口语情景回答。从语境分析,此处应该表示“非常乐意去帮忙非常乐意去帮忙”的意思。的意思。Its my pleasure.“不客气不客气”的的意思,接受道谢时的回答。而意思,接受道谢时的回答。而 with pleasure 的意思为的意思为“非常非常愿意愿意”,用来回答对方的请求。故选,用来回答对方的请求。故选D。共 112 页452(2009湖北卷湖北卷)As there is less and less coal and oil,scientists are exploring new
32、ways of making use of _ energy,such as sunlight,wind and water for power and fuel.Aprimary BalternativeCinstant Dunique答案:答案:B解析:解析:考查形容词辨析。考查形容词辨析。B.“可替代的可替代的”合题意。合题意。A.主要的,主要的,初期的,根本的;初期的,根本的;C.立即的,立刻的;立即的,立刻的;D.独特的,唯一的。独特的,唯一的。共 112 页463We all can go out for a picnic this afternoon_ that the othe
33、rs agree.Ato assume BassumedCassume Dassuming答案:答案:D解析:解析:assumingsupposesupposing“假设假设”。共 112 页474Her friend I referred to just now was _ for fraud.Asuspected BchargedCaccused Darrested答案:答案:D解析:解析:be arrested for 因因被逮捕。被逮捕。be suspected of 被怀被怀疑疑;be charged with和和 be accused of 意为意为“被控告被控告”。共 112 页
34、485At times this balance of nature is _,resulting in a number of possibly unforeseen effects.Atroubled BdisturbedCconfused Dinterrupted答案:答案:B解析:解析:句意为:有时生态平衡被打破,结果会有很多难以预句意为:有时生态平衡被打破,结果会有很多难以预见的影响。见的影响。interrupt 打断;打断;trouble 麻烦;麻烦;disturb 打扰,搅打扰,搅乱;乱;confuse 迷惑。迷惑。共 112 页496_,we must expect chang
35、es to be made in our system of teaching.ALooking around BLooking aheadCWatching out DSeeing around答案:答案:B解析:解析:句意为:向前看,我们必须期望教学系统的变化。句意为:向前看,我们必须期望教学系统的变化。共 112 页507_the bad weather,the athletic meeting will be held on time.AIn contrast with BIn relation toCOn behalf of DRegardless of答案:答案:D解析:解析:句意
36、:不顾坏天气,运动会将按时举行。句意:不顾坏天气,运动会将按时举行。A.与与比比较;较;B.关于,与关于,与有关;有关;C.代表。代表。共 112 页518I was overjoyed to pass the oral English test _,though I was not good at it.Asomewhat BanyhowCanyway Dsomehow答案:答案:D解析:解析:选择选择 somehow 不知怎么地。不知怎么地。somewhat 稍微;稍微;anyhow,anyway 无论如何。无论如何。共 112 页529_ the Christmas holidays w
37、ould come sooner!AOnly if BIfCIf only DUnless答案:答案:C解析:解析:If only.“要是要是就好了!就好了!”only if“只要,如只要,如果果”。共 112 页5310Im really _ this weatherwhy cant it be sunny for a change?Afed up to Bfed onCfed to Dfed up with答案:答案:D解析:解析:句意:我真的受够了这种天气句意:我真的受够了这种天气为什么不变一下,出为什么不变一下,出出太阳?出太阳?be fed up with为固定结构,意为为固定结构,
38、意为“厌烦厌烦”,符,符合语意要求。合语意要求。共 112 页5411(2010绵阳中学绵阳中学)_ Chinese which city is famous for ice and snow,and the answer is sure to be Harbin.AIf you ask a BAsked someCAsk any DHaving asked every答案:答案:C解析:解析:考查考查“祈使句祈使句and/or结果分句结果分句”句型。该句型中句型。该句型中祈使句用动词原形,祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句,本句祈使句用动词原形,祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句,本句可改为可改为If
39、you ask any Chinese which city is famous for ice and snow,the answer is sure to be Harbin.注意:改成条件状语从注意:改成条件状语从句时主句前没有连词句时主句前没有连词and。共 112 页5512(2010广西南宁地区联考广西南宁地区联考)Nowadays,a graduate with a masters degree _ fail to find a highpaid job,which discourages a lot of college students.Ashall BcanCwill Dm
40、ust答案:答案:B解析:解析:考查情态动词。这里用考查情态动词。这里用can表示表示“有时会,可能会有时会,可能会”。语意:如今有硕士学位的毕业生也可能会找不到高薪工语意:如今有硕士学位的毕业生也可能会找不到高薪工作作共 112 页5613The carrot should be _ into small pieces before you put them into the boiling water.Acut down Bcut offCcut in Dcut up答案:答案:D解析:解析:cut up切碎;符合题意。切碎;符合题意。cut down减少减少(开支开支),砍倒;,砍倒;c
41、ut off切断,中断;切断,中断;cut in打断,插话,均不符合题意。打断,插话,均不符合题意。共 112 页5714_ what we can do,well have to decrease our dependence on oil and reduce our overall energy consumption.AIn terms of BIn case ofCAs a result of DIn face of答案:答案:A解析:解析:考查介词短语辨析。考查介词短语辨析。in terms of“就就而言而言”;in case of“万一万一”;as a result of“由于
42、由于”;in face of“面对,面对,面临面临”。句意为:就我们可以做的而言,我们将不得不减少。句意为:就我们可以做的而言,我们将不得不减少对石油的依赖,并减少我们的整体能源消耗。根据句意选对石油的依赖,并减少我们的整体能源消耗。根据句意选A。共 112 页5815Its a long time _ I saw you last.Yes,and what a pity it is now that it will be a long time _ we see each other again.Abefore;since Bsince;whenCsince;before Dwhen;before答案:答案:C共 112 页59解析:解析:考查连词用法。考查连词用法。It is一段时间一段时间since句子,自句子,自从从以来已有多久,以来已有多久,since从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时;从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时;It will be一段时间一段时间before句子,再过多久才句子,再过多久才,从,从句谓语用一般现在时表示将来;或句谓语用一般现在时表示将来;或It was一段时间一段时间before句子,没多久就句子,没多久就,从句谓语用过去时,故选,从句谓语用过去时,故选C。