1、南京大学南京大学张张 洁洁第1页，共55页。作作 文文大纲要求：大纲要求：考生应能在考生应能在3030分钟内写出长度不少于分钟内写出长度不少于8080词的常见词的常见应用文应用文及一般的及一般的叙述叙述文、说明文和议论文文、说明文和议论文，能够：，能够：用较正确的语法、词汇、拼写、标点进行表达；（语言）用较正确的语法、词汇、拼写、标点进行表达；（语言）基本做到内容切题，结构严谨，条理清楚；（内容、结构）基本做到内容切题，结构严谨，条理清楚；（内容、结构）根据不同的写作目的进行有针对性的写作。（按要求写作）根据不同的写作目的进行有针对性的写作。（按要求写作）好作文的特点：好作文的特点：内容：主题
2、明确，内容完整；内容：主题明确，内容完整；结构：自然连贯，条理清晰；结构：自然连贯，条理清晰；语言：用词准确，语句通顺，无重大语法错误；语言：用词准确，语句通顺，无重大语法错误；格式：合乎规范，标点正确。格式：合乎规范，标点正确。第2页，共55页。书信格式书信格式 书信或书信或e-mail 私人信件私人信件 日期、称呼、正文、结尾。日期、称呼、正文、结尾。日期日期 与右边线对齐与右边线对齐 日月年日月年 月日，年月日，年Feb.11,200612 Oct 2006January Jan.February Feb.March Mar.April Apr.MayJune Jun.July Jul.
3、August Aug.September Sept.October Oct.November Nov.December Dec.第3页，共55页。称呼称呼 与左边线对齐，后用逗号或冒号与左边线对齐，后用逗号或冒号 可直呼收信人的名字，称呼前可加可直呼收信人的名字，称呼前可加DearDear Mr.Lee,Dear Ms.Richards,Dear Professor/Prof.Smith,Dear Dr.Stein,Dear Mum,Dear Jack,Cathy,正文正文 正确、顺畅、自然、简洁正确、顺畅、自然、简洁 要点全部写出，不要跑题要点全部写出，不要跑题第4页，共55页。书信正文的常
4、用开头语：书信正文的常用开头语：How are you？Hows everything with you？How are you getting along/on these days?How have you been recently？I hope everything is all right with you.I am very glad to receive your letter of October 10th.Thank you for writing to me.Thank you for answering my letter so quickly.Its a long ti
5、me since I got your last letter.I am so sorry for not having written to you for such a long time.Im sorry it has taken me so long to reply to your last letter.How nice it was to hear from you at last!How glad I was to get a letter from you after all this time!I am very happy/sorry to hear that 第5页，共
6、55页。书信正文的常用结束语：书信正文的常用结束语：Best wishes to you.With my best wishes.Please remember me to.Please give my love/regards/best wishes to.Please write to me as soon as possible.Please write to me when you have time.Thank you for an early reply.Im looking forward to hearing from you soon.第6页，共55页。结尾结尾 致敬语和签名
7、致敬语和签名 Yours truly,Sincerely yours,Yours sincerely,Yours,Love,With love,Lots of love,As ever,Fondly,Affectionately,第7页，共55页。考试技巧考试技巧 时间安排时间安排1515分钟：审题、构思；分钟：审题、构思；625625分钟：写作；分钟：写作；最后最后5 5分钟：修改、定稿。分钟：修改、定稿。格式正确格式正确内容扣题内容扣题条理清晰条理清晰语言通顺语言通顺第8页，共55页。模拟题分析模拟题分析 Test 1:Sports(p.148,202)时态：时态：要点要点1 1：现在时：
8、现在时 要点要点2 2：过去时：过去时 要点要点3 3：现在时、过去时：现在时、过去时重点：重点：要点要点3 3“运动对你有什么益处运动对你有什么益处”两至三个分要点，注意之间的过渡：两至三个分要点，注意之间的过渡：First,Second,Last but not least To begin with,Secondly,Furthermore/Moreover,Test 2:Water and Life(p.158,208)时态：现在时为主时态：现在时为主消亡：消亡：extinct(adj.)节约用水：节约用水：save water,use water economically 第9页，共
9、55页。Test 3:A Get-together on May 1st(p.168,213)书信格式书信格式了解对方情况了解对方情况 How is everything getting along with you?Hows everything with you？How are you doing now?What have you been doing all these years?通知对方五一将有同学聚会。通知对方五一将有同学聚会。We are going to get together on May Day holiday.We are going to meet on May D
10、ay holiday.邀请对方参加。邀请对方参加。I hope you can come when the day is due.Would you come on that day?Please come if you have time.Come if you are free on that day.第10页，共55页。Test 4:Help Me to Buy a Spoken English Book(p.178,217)书信格式书信格式请对方帮你购买英语口语书。请对方帮你购买英语口语书。Would you please buy some books on spoken Englis
11、h for me?Can you help me buy some books on spoken English?欢迎他方便时来访。欢迎他方便时来访。I hope you can come to see me when you are free.Would you come over to my house when you are free?第11页，共55页。Test 5:Bad Manners in Public(p.188,224)时态：现在时；时态：现在时；重点是要点重点是要点1；仅对一种不良现象陈述看法。仅对一种不良现象陈述看法。Test 6 My opinion on Cell
12、 Phones(p.198,230)表达个人观点：表达个人观点：I think In my opinion,To my mind,As far as Im concerned,第12页，共55页。词汇与语法结构词汇与语法结构大纲要求：大纲要求：语法：考生应掌握基本的英语语法知识，并能在语言活动中较正确地加以运语法：考生应掌握基本的英语语法知识，并能在语言活动中较正确地加以运用。用。词汇：考生应认知词汇：考生应认知30003000个单词，并熟练掌握其中的个单词，并熟练掌握其中的18001800个单词及其个单词及其基本的搭配。基本的搭配。第13页，共55页。时态时态 一般时态一般时态进行时态进行时
13、态完成时态完成时态完成进行时态完成进行时态现现在在一般现在时一般现在时write/writes现在进行时现在进行时a m /a r e /i s writing现在完成时现在完成时have/has written现在完成进行时现在完成进行时have/has been writing过过去去一般过去时一般过去时wrote过去进行时过去进行时was writing过去完成时过去完成时had written过去完成进行时过去完成进行时had been writing将将来来一般将来时一般将来时shall/will write将来进行时将来进行时shall/will be writing将来完成时将来
14、完成时shall/will have written将来完成进行时将来完成进行时shall/will have been writing过过去去将将来来一般过去将来时一般过去将来时should/would write过去将来进行时过去将来进行时should/would be writing过去将来完成时过去将来完成时should/would have written过去将来完成进过去将来完成进行时行时should/would have been writing第14页，共55页。一般过去将来时一般过去将来时 从过去某个时刻看来将来要发生的事情从过去某个时刻看来将来要发生的事情He said h
15、e would raise the question at the meeting.过去进行时过去进行时 过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。What were you doing at nine last night?将来进行时将来进行时 将来某个时刻正在进行的动作将来某个时刻正在进行的动作 I wont be free on Friday morning.Ill be seeing a friend off.过去将来进行时过去将来进行时 从过去某个时刻看，将来某个时刻将正在进行的动作从过去某个时刻看，将来某个时刻将正在进行的动作 I didnt expect that
16、you would be waiting here.第15页，共55页。过去完成时过去完成时 过去某个时间前已经发生的动作或情况过去某个时间前已经发生的动作或情况 By the end of last June they had treated 30,000 patients.when，as soon as，before，after，until He had pressed the button before we could stop him.将来完成时将来完成时 将来某个时间会已经发生的事情将来某个时间会已经发生的事情 I shall have finished my homework b
17、efore lunch.过去将来完成时过去将来完成时 从过去某个时刻看，将来某个时刻会已经完成的动作。从过去某个时刻看，将来某个时刻会已经完成的动作。She hoped that we would have finished the plan by six oclock.第16页，共55页。现在完成进行时现在完成进行时现在以前一段时间里一直在进行的一个动作现在以前一段时间里一直在进行的一个动作 Ive been sitting here all afternoon.过去完成进行时过去完成进行时 过去某个时间以前一直在进行的一个动作过去某个时间以前一直在进行的一个动作At last they g
18、ot the telegram they had been expecting.将来完成进行时将来完成进行时 将来某个时刻前一直进行的动作将来某个时刻前一直进行的动作 By next summer,well have been working here for twenty years.过去将来完成进行时过去将来完成进行时 从过去某个时刻看来，将来某个时刻前会一直进行的动作从过去某个时刻看来，将来某个时刻前会一直进行的动作 They told me that by the end of the year they would have been working together for thi
19、rty years.第17页，共55页。几点注意几点注意时间和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来时。时间和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来时。Return the book immediately to the library as soon as you finish it.Please be sure to telephone me the next time you come.“This/It is the first time”后从句用现在完成时。后从句用现在完成时。This is the first time that I have met Jane.“It/This is+形
20、容词最高级形容词最高级+名词名词”后从句用现在完成时。后从句用现在完成时。This is one of the best books that have ever been written on the subject.第18页，共55页。“It is/has been时间段时间段since”后用过去时。后用过去时。It has been twenty years since I left my hometown.“no soonerthan”和和“hardly when”，主句用过去完成时，从句，主句用过去完成时，从句用过去时。用过去时。I had no sooner returned th
21、an he called.We had hardly begun when we were told to stop.“It is(high)time”后从句中用过去时后从句中用过去时。It is time that we had a rest.第19页，共55页。从句从句定语从句、状语从句，宾语从句和主语从句定语从句、状语从句，宾语从句和主语从句定语从句定语从句限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 由由who,whom,whose,which,that等关系代词或等关系代词或when,why,where等关系副词引导等关系副词引导 不用逗号把主句和从句分开。不用逗号把主句和从句分开。非限制性定语从句
22、非限制性定语从句 不出现不出现that，要用逗号把主句和从句分开要用逗号把主句和从句分开第20页，共55页。An old friend from abroad,_ I was expecting,telephoned me from the airport.A.that B.whom C.who D.whichB 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句The United States is composed of fifty states,two of _ are separated from the others by land or water.A.them B.that C.which D.
23、thoseC 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句第21页，共55页。状语从句状语从句让步状语从句让步状语从句 though,although,even if,even though,whetheror,no matter wh-(或或how),whatever,whoever,whichever_,you must show your ticket to go into the cinema.A.No matter whomever you are B.In whomever you are C.Whoever you are D.No matter who are youCYoung _ he
24、 is,he knows what is a right thing to do.A.that B.as C.although D.howeverB 第22页，共55页。宾语从句宾语从句 由由that，if,whether及及what引导引导 可以设可以设it为形式宾语为形式宾语 I always take it for granted that I am far more intelligent than he is.主语从句主语从句what,that,who,why,where,whenIt is a pity that It is an honor that It is a shame
25、that It is a good thing that It is a fact that It is a surprise that It is strange that It is surprising that It is true that It is fortunate that It is necessary that It is possible(impossible)that 第23页，共55页。It is desirable that he _.A.gives up trying B.give up trying C.would give up trying D.is go
26、ing to give up tryingBIt is desirable+虚拟语气虚拟语气。_ I saw was two men crossing the street.A.What B.Whom C.Who D.ThatA第24页，共55页。Test 1(p.145)26.Professor Smith promised to look _ my paper,that is,to read it carefully before the defence.A.after B.over C.on D.into Blook after 照顾；照顾；look over 查看，检查；查看，检查；l
27、ook on as 把把看作看作；look into调查调查 史密斯教授答应检查我的论文，也就是说，在我答辩前仔细阅读。史密斯教授答应检查我的论文，也就是说，在我答辩前仔细阅读。27.Our house is about a mile from the railway station and there are not many houses _.A.in between B.far apart C.among them D.from each otherAin between在中间；在中间；far apart离得很远离得很远我们的房子和火车站之间相隔一英里，之间没有多少房子。我们的房子和火车
28、站之间相隔一英里，之间没有多少房子。第25页，共55页。28.As the bus came round the corner,it ran _ a big tree by the roadside.A.into B.on C.over D.up Arun into 撞上；撞上；run on 以以为主题，围绕；为主题，围绕；run over撞到并碾压，快速阅读（或练习）撞到并碾压，快速阅读（或练习）run up积欠（帐款、债务等），累积；赶制（衣服）积欠（帐款、债务等），累积；赶制（衣服）公共汽车转弯的时候，撞上了路边的一棵大树。公共汽车转弯的时候，撞上了路边的一棵大树。29.On avera
29、ge,a successful lawyer has to talk to several _ a day.A.customers B.supporters C.guests D.clientsDcustomer消费者；消费者；supporter支持者；支持者；guest客人；客人；client客户，委托人客户，委托人 成功的律师平均每天得接待几个客户。成功的律师平均每天得接待几个客户。第26页，共55页。30.What is the train _ to Birmingham?A.fee B.tip C.fare D.costCfee费用（会费、学费等）费用（会费、学费等）tip小费小费fa
30、re（火车、汽车等）车费，船费，飞机票价（火车、汽车等）车费，船费，飞机票价cost成本，价钱，代价成本，价钱，代价去伯明翰的火车票多少钱？去伯明翰的火车票多少钱？31.The students were all entertained in a Mexican restaurant,at Professor Brians _.A.money B.payC.expense D.lossCat someones expense花某人的钱，由某人掏钱花某人的钱，由某人掏钱所有的学生在墨西哥餐馆都很开心，花的是布莱恩教授的钱。所有的学生在墨西哥餐馆都很开心，花的是布莱恩教授的钱。第27页，共55页。
31、32.Tom,what did you do with my documents?I have never seen a _ and disorder!A.mass B.mess C.guess D.busBmass质量，大量；质量，大量；mess混乱，脏乱；混乱，脏乱；guess猜测；猜测；bus公共汽车公共汽车汤姆，你怎么动我的文件的？我从来没有见过这么乱！汤姆，你怎么动我的文件的？我从来没有见过这么乱！33.If she wants to stay thin,she must make a _ in her diet.A.change B.turn C.run D.goAmake a c
32、hange转变；转变；make a turn转弯；转弯；make a go of sth.在在方面成功（或有所成就）方面成功（或有所成就）如果她想保持苗条，就必须改变饮食。如果她想保持苗条，就必须改变饮食。第28页，共55页。34._ the War of Independence,the United States was an English colony.A.Before B.At C.In D.BetweenA独立战争前，美国是英国的殖民地。独立战争前，美国是英国的殖民地。35.You shouldnt _ your time like that,Bob;you have to fin
33、ish your school work.A.cut B.do C.kill D.kickCkill time消磨时间消磨时间你不应该那样消磨时间，鲍勃；你得完成学校的作业。你不应该那样消磨时间，鲍勃；你得完成学校的作业。第29页，共55页。36.When Lily came home at 5 p.m.yesterday,her mother _ dinner in the kitchen.A.cooked B.was cooking C.cooks D.has cookedB过去进行时（过去某个时间点正在发生的事情）过去进行时（过去某个时间点正在发生的事情）当莉莉当莉莉5点钟回到家时，她的
34、母亲正在厨房做晚饭。点钟回到家时，她的母亲正在厨房做晚饭。37.Did you notice the guy _ head looked like a big potato?A.who B.which C.whose D.whomC 定语从句定语从句你注意到那个头长得像颗大土豆的人了吗？你注意到那个头长得像颗大土豆的人了吗？第30页，共55页。38.Both the kids and their parents _ English,I think.I know it from their accent.A.is B.been C.are D.wasCboth and 做主语是复数做主语是复数我
35、认为孩子们和他们的父母都是英格兰人。我是从他们口音听出来的。我认为孩子们和他们的父母都是英格兰人。我是从他们口音听出来的。39.Never before _ see such a terrible car accident on the road.A.I have B.have I C.I did D.did I DNever在句首，句子倒装。在句首，句子倒装。Never before have I seen such a terrible car accident on the road.我从来没有在马路上看到如此可怕的车祸。我从来没有在马路上看到如此可怕的车祸。第31页，共55页。40.J
36、ohns father _ mathematics in this school ever since he graduated from Harvard University.A.taught B.teaches C.has taught D.is teachingC现在完成时现在完成时现在完成进行时也可：现在完成进行时也可：has been teaching约翰的父亲从哈佛大学毕业以来一直在这所学校教数学。约翰的父亲从哈佛大学毕业以来一直在这所学校教数学。41.Every year thousands of lives _ in road accidents because of care
37、less driving.A.lose B.lost C.have lost D.are lostD被动语态被动语态因为驾驶疏忽，每年有数以千计的人丧生于车祸。因为驾驶疏忽，每年有数以千计的人丧生于车祸。第32页，共55页。42.The young lady coming over to us _ our English teacher;the way she walks tells us that.A.must be B.can beC.would be D.could beAmust,can,could都可表示猜测；都可表示猜测；must比较确定比较确定那个朝我们这边过来的年轻女子是我们英
38、语老师，从她走路的样子我们那个朝我们这边过来的年轻女子是我们英语老师，从她走路的样子我们就能看出来。就能看出来。43.Had you come five minutes earlier,you _ the train to Birmingham.But now you missed it.A.would catch B.would have caught C.could catch D.should catchB虚拟语气，对过去发生事情的虚拟。虚拟语气，对过去发生事情的虚拟。Had you come five minutes earlier是倒装句。是倒装句。如果你早来五分钟，你就能赶上去伯明
39、翰的火车了。现在你误了车。如果你早来五分钟，你就能赶上去伯明翰的火车了。现在你误了车。第33页，共55页。44.Eggs,though rich in nourishments,have _ of fat.A.a large number B.the large numberC.a large amount D.the large amountCa large number of 大量的大量的（可数名词复数）（可数名词复数）the large number巨大的数字巨大的数字a large amount of 大量的大量的（不可数名词）（不可数名词）the large amount巨大的量巨大
40、的量鸡蛋，虽然营养丰富，脂肪含量很大。鸡蛋，虽然营养丰富，脂肪含量很大。45.No matter _,the little sisters managed to round the sheep up and drive them back home safely.A.it was snowing hard B.hard it was snowingC.how it was snowing hard D.how hard it was snowingDNo matter（无论）后接疑问词（无论）后接疑问词。不管下着多大的雪，小姐妹成功地将羊群聚拢，安全地赶回了家。不管下着多大的雪，小姐妹成功地将
41、羊群聚拢，安全地赶回了家。第34页，共55页。Test 2(p.155)26.I dont know the park,but its _ to be quite beautiful.A.said B.told C.spoken D.talked A据说（仅用于被动语态）据说（仅用于被动语态）be said to be It is said that it is said that the park is beautiful.我不认识那个公园，但据说很漂亮我不认识那个公园，但据说很漂亮。27.Mike is better than Peter _ swimming.A.for B.at C.o
42、n D.inBbetter是是good的比较级形式。的比较级形式。be good at 擅长于擅长于 迈克比皮特游泳游得好。迈克比皮特游泳游得好。第35页，共55页。28.The baby is hungry,but theres _ milk in the bottle.A.little B.a little C.few D.a few Aa little,a few 少量的少量的little,few 几乎没有几乎没有little,a little用在不可数名词前用在不可数名词前few,a few用在可数名词前用在可数名词前婴儿饿了，可是瓶子里几乎没有牛奶了。婴儿饿了，可是瓶子里几乎没有牛奶
43、了。29.Nancy is _ girl.A.a eighteen-year-old B.an eighteen-years-oldC.a eighteen-years-old D.an eighteen-year-oldDeighteen-year-old（18岁的）复合形容词，做定语，岁的）复合形容词，做定语，year不用复数。不用复数。eighteen元音开头，不定冠词是元音开头，不定冠词是an 南茜是个南茜是个1818岁的女孩。岁的女孩。第36页，共55页。30.Harry,who had failed in the final exam,had a great worry _ his
44、 mind.A.on B.inC.with D.atAon ones mind挂在心上，惦念挂在心上，惦念in ones mind记住记住哈里期末考试不及格，心里很担心。哈里期末考试不及格，心里很担心。31.Do you know the man _ under the apple tree?A.lay B.lainC.lying D.layingClie(lay,lain,lying)平躺，位于平躺，位于lie(lied,lied,lying)说谎说谎lay(laid,laid,laying)放置，下蛋放置，下蛋the man lying under the apple tree 现在分词短
45、语作后置定语现在分词短语作后置定语你认识躺在苹果树下的那个男子吗？你认识躺在苹果树下的那个男子吗？第37页，共55页。32.-Is the library _ now?-No,its _.A.open,close B.opening,closing C.open,closed D.opened,closedCopen开放的，开业的；开放的，开业的；closed 关闭的关闭的-图书馆现在开放吗？图书馆现在开放吗？-不，现在关闭。不，现在关闭。33.-When shall we meet again?-_ it any date you like.Its all the same to me.A.
46、Do B.Get C.Meet D.MakeDmake it 用来约时间用来约时间-我们什么时候再见面？我们什么时候再见面？-你想哪天见面都行。对我都一样。你想哪天见面都行。对我都一样。第38页，共55页。34._ girl dressed _ black is her sister Rose.A.A;in B.A;on C.The;on D.The;inDgirl后有关于女孩特征的描述，是确指，用定冠词后有关于女孩特征的描述，是确指，用定冠词the。dressed in black穿着黑色衣服的穿着黑色衣服的那个穿着黑色衣服的女孩是她姐妹罗斯。那个穿着黑色衣服的女孩是她姐妹罗斯。35.Alt
47、hough he did not know London well,he made his way _ to the airport.A.easy enough B.enough C.easily enough D.enough easilyCmake ones way to 前往某地前往某地enough修饰形容词或副词时要后置。修饰形容词或副词时要后置。easily enough修饰修饰made his way尽管他对伦敦不熟悉，但他还是不费力气地来到了机场。尽管他对伦敦不熟悉，但他还是不费力气地来到了机场。第39页，共55页。36.Two thousand dollars _ enough
48、 for the car.A.being B.were C.are D.isD钱、时间、重量等作主语时看作单数。钱、时间、重量等作主语时看作单数。两千美元足够买这辆车。两千美元足够买这辆车。37.They have learned about _ in recent years.A.several hundreds English wordsB.hundreds of English wordsC.hundred of English wordsD.several hundred English wordB several hundred English wordsseveral hundre
49、ds of English wordshundreds of English words最近年他们已经学了几百个英语单词。最近年他们已经学了几百个英语单词。第40页，共55页。38.With his work completed,the manager stepped back to his seat,feeling pleased _ he was a man of action.A.which B.that C.what D.whetherB宾语从句宾语从句经理完成了工作，走回座位，为自己是实干家感到欣慰。经理完成了工作，走回座位，为自己是实干家感到欣慰。39.-_?-Shes our h
50、istory teacher.A.Whats she B.Where does the woman work C.Who is she D.How is the womenC-What is she?她的职业是什么？她的职业是什么？-She is a(history)teacher.-她是谁？她是谁？-她是我们历史老师。她是我们历史老师。第41页，共55页。40.Todays weather is _ worse than yesterdays.A.very B.much C.very much D.much tooBvery,much too修饰形容词原级修饰形容词原级much 修饰形容词比
