1、【生词和短语】darkness n.黑暗黑暗 explain v.解释，解释，说明说明 coast n.海岸海岸 storm n.暴风雨暴风雨 towards prep.朝，朝，向，接近向，接近 rock n.岩石岩石 shore n.海岸海岸 light n.灯光灯光 ahead adv.在前面在前面 cliff n.峭壁峭壁 struggle v.挣扎挣扎 hospital n.医院医院 darkness nu黑暗，漆黑黑暗，漆黑 反义词反义词brightness光明光明(swim)out of darkness 冲出黑暗冲出黑暗 The house was in darkness 这个房
2、子一片漆黑。这个房子一片漆黑。dark da:k 1)adj黑暗的，漆黑的黑暗的，漆黑的(light)a dark street 黑暗的街道黑暗的街道 a dark night 黑漆漆的晚上黑漆漆的晚上 2)深色的，暗色的深色的，暗色的 dark suit 深色的西服深色的西服 dark hair 深色的头发深色的头发 构词法：构词法：dark(黑暗的黑暗的)+ness(名词后缀名词后缀)=darkness careful(细心的细心的)+ness+carefulness(仔细仔细)happy(快乐的快乐的)+ness=happiness(快乐快乐)Language pointsNearly
3、a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her.pass vt.经过经过;通过通过 He passed my house this morning.pass the exam 考试及格考试及格 fail in the exam 考试不及格考试不及格 past 1)prep经过经过 他路过了我的家门。他路过了我的家门。He walked past my house.2)adj过去的过去的 他对我讲了他过去的经历。他对我讲了他过去的经历。He told me about his past expe
4、rience.3)n过去过去 他显得思想陈旧。他显得思想陈旧。He seems to live in the past.be able to and can He could walk forty miles a day in the past.(具备这种能力，但不一定实际去做。具备这种能力，但不一定实际去做。)He was able to walk forty miles a day last year.（不仅具有这种能力，而且实际做（不仅具有这种能力，而且实际做了。）了。）2)be able to：可用于任何时态：可用于任何时态 can:只可用于现在时或过去时只可用于现在时或过去时(can
5、/could)例例:I will be able to open the lock in five minutes.我五分钟之内就能打开这个锁。我五分钟之内就能打开这个锁。He hasnt been able to go to work for a month.他已经一个月不能上班了。他已经一个月不能上班了。我们下月能完成这件工作。我们下月能完成这件工作。We will be able to finish the work next month.你也许能够说服他。你也许能够说服他。You might be able to persuade him.她好像能提前完成这项工作。她好像能提前完成这项
6、工作。She seemed able to finish the work ahead of time.几乎过了一个星期，几乎过了一个星期，那姑娘才能讲述自己那姑娘才能讲述自己的遭遇。的遭遇。One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm.以时间为线索，随着时间推移展开故事。以时间为线索，随着时间推移展开故事。one afternoon 一天下午一天下午 towards evening 邻近黄昏的时候邻近黄昏的时候 then 然后然后 early next morning 第二
7、天一大早第二天一大早 when she woke up a day later当她第当她第二天醒来的时候二天醒来的时候 set out=set off 出发出发 set out from从从出发出发 明天早上我们会从学校出发。明天早上我们会从学校出发。We will set out from school tomorrow morning.set to 动手干动手干,认真开始干认真开始干 Having enough data in hand,we can set to work.手头有足够的资料我们可以开始工作了。手头有足够的资料我们可以开始工作了。set about 开始开始,着手着手 他在
8、十岁时开始学中文。他在十岁时开始学中文。He set about learning Chinese at the age of ten.be caught in+灾难（突然）遇到灾难（突然）遇到/上上（风暴等）（风暴等）be caught in an earthquake 我遇上了一场暴风雪。我遇上了一场暴风雪。I was caught in a snowstorm.他刚一离开他刚一离开,就下雨了。就下雨了。He was caught in a rain when he left.他刚一离开他刚一离开,就下雨了就下雨了 遇上人用遇上人用meet,遇上灾难用遇上灾难用be caught in 一
9、天下午，她乘小船一天下午，她乘小船从海岸出发，遇上了从海岸出发，遇上了风暴。风暴。Towards evening,the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea.towards evening 天越来越晚天越来越晚 towards prep.朝，向，临近，接近朝，向，临近，接近 strike 强调的往往是猛烈的撞击强调的往往是猛烈的撞击 strike-struck-struck此处可换成此处可换成hit天将黑时，小船撞在了天将黑时，小船撞在了一块礁石上，姑娘跳进一块礁石上，姑娘跳进了海里。了海里。Then she swam to
10、the shore after spending the whole night in the water.shore bank coast shore：是这三个词中最普通的一个，：是这三个词中最普通的一个，可指湖、海等的岸：可指湖、海等的岸：the western shore of the Pacific 太平洋西岸太平洋西岸 bank：河岸：河岸 Some children were playing games on the bank coast：海岸，通常特指与海洋相接：海岸，通常特指与海洋相接的整个一长条陆地；还常与地图、气的整个一长条陆地；还常与地图、气候及海防有关候及海防有关 Ch
11、ina has a very long coast.中国中国的海岸很长。的海岸很长。after spending the whole night in the water.介词介词after的宾语是动名词的宾语是动名词spending及及这个动名词的宾语、状语，这个结构在这个动名词的宾语、状语，这个结构在意义上等于意义上等于 after she had spent the whole night in the water。她在海里游了整整一夜她在海里游了整整一夜才游到岸边。才游到岸边。Revision 能够做某事能够做某事 一天下午一天下午 从从出发出发 乘小船乘小船 遇到遇到 游到岸边游到岸
12、边 天越来越晚天越来越晚动词变形动词变形 pass-ed-ed-ing explain-ed-ed-ing happen-ed-ed-ing set set set-ting catchcaught caught-ing strikestruck struck-ing jump-ed-ed-ing动词变形动词变形 swimswam swum-ming spend spentspent-ingDuring that time she covered a distance of eight miles.cover v.可笼统地表示可笼统地表示“行过（一段路行过（一段路程）程）”，根据上下文可具体译
13、为，根据上下文可具体译为“走过、飞走过、飞过、游过过、游过”等。（不用被动语态）等。（不用被动语态）这只鸟三分钟之内飞了三英里。这只鸟三分钟之内飞了三英里。The bird covered three miles in three minutes.我们一天能走多远呢？我们一天能走多远呢？How far can we cover a day?她不到她不到4分钟就跑完了分钟就跑完了IOOO米。米。She covered 1000 meters in less than 4 minutes.2)v遮盖，隐瞒，蒙蔽；（用东西）遮盖，隐瞒，蒙蔽；（用东西）覆盖覆盖 （此处可用被动）（此处可用被动）He
14、tried to cover his mistake 他企图掩盖他的错误。他企图掩盖他的错误。Dust covered his desk 灰尘盖满了他的桌子灰尘盖满了他的桌子 His desk was covered with dust.他的桌子被盖满灰尘。他的桌子被盖满灰尘。a distance of+具体长度具体长度 多长的距离，多长的距离，表示具体的距离表示具体的距离 The red army covered a distance of 25,000.两万五千里长征两万五千里长征 在那段时间里，她游了在那段时间里，她游了8英里。英里。Early next morning,she saw
15、a light ahead.ahead 1)adj./adv.（空间性的）在前面，向（空间性的）在前面，向前前.反义词反义词behind a light ahead 前方的一盏灯（前方的一盏灯（ahead 放在被修饰词的后面）放在被修饰词的后面）He passed me and ran ahead 他经过我身边又跑了。他经过我身边又跑了。ahead of time 事先事先 Can you tell me ahead of time if youre coming?go ahead Go ahead and do what you like.第二天凌晨，她看到前第二天凌晨，她看到前方有灯光。方
16、有灯光。She knew she was near the shore because the light was high up on the cliffs.up为形容词，为形容词，表示表示“在上面的在上面的”、“高高高的高的”、“在较高处的在较高处的”，high为副词，为副词，修饰修饰up。cliff n悬崖，峭壁，绝壁悬崖，峭壁，绝壁 (plcliffs)stand on the edge of a cliff站在悬崖边站在悬崖边上上 The man committed suicide by jumping off the cliff.那人跳下悬崖自杀。那人跳下悬崖自杀。知道自己已经接近
17、岸边知道自己已经接近岸边了，因为那灯光是在高了，因为那灯光是在高高的峭壁上。高的峭壁上。On arriving at the shore,the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen.用用on doing表表“一一就就”，相当于一个，相当于一个由由as soon asthe moment或或when引导引导的时间状语从句，的时间状语从句，as soon asthe moment后面要加句子，后面要加句子，on 后面一定要加后面一定要加动词动词ing,承认动词是由主句主语做的。承认动词是由主句主语做的。刚听到这个消息
18、，她就晕了过去。（刚听到这个消息，她就晕了过去。（faint）On hearing the news,she fainted.=When she heard the news,she fainted.刚到家，天就开始下雨了。刚到家，天就开始下雨了。On arriving the home,it began to rain.如果是两个不同的主语，则不能使用如果是两个不同的主语，则不能使用“on+动名词动名词”的结构的结构！As soon as he arrived home,it began to rain.一看到这个女孩他就不知说什么好。一看到这个女孩他就不知说什么好。On seeing th
19、e girl,he didn t know what to say.一听见这个消息，她就哭了。一听见这个消息，她就哭了。On hearing the news,she cried.一回家我就给你打电话。一回家我就给你打电话。On arriving home,I will call you.struggle 1)v斗争斗争 struggle with sb/fight with sb和和打斗打斗 struggle for sth 为为斗争，努力斗争，努力 struggle against sth 反对反对而斗争而斗争 fight for freedom/struggle for freedom为
20、为自由而战自由而战 The people are struggling for freedom.人们为了自由而斗争着。人们为了自由而斗争着。Chinese people struggle against Japanese for eight years.中国人民同日本侵略者斗争了八年。中国人民同日本侵略者斗争了八年。2)v挣扎，艰难的前进挣扎，艰难的前进make ones way with difficulty She struggled up the cliff她艰难的她艰难的爬上悬崖。爬上悬崖。The chick finally broke through the shell and st
21、ruggled out.小鸡终于冲破蛋壳，挣扎出来了。小鸡终于冲破蛋壳，挣扎出来了。3)n挣扎，手脚乱动，奋斗挣扎，手脚乱动，奋斗 Don t give up without a struggle.你不要没有努力就放弃。你不要没有努力就放弃。到达岸边后，姑娘朝着到达岸边后，姑娘朝着她看到的灯光方向挣扎她看到的灯光方向挣扎着往峭壁上爬去。着往峭壁上爬去。That was all she remembered.that指前面（从第指前面（从第2句话开始）描述句话开始）描述的内容。的内容。she remembered为为all 的的定语从句，关系代词定语从句，关系代词that（不能用（不能用whic
22、h）被省略了。）被省略了。可写做：可写做：That was all that she remembered.她所记得的就是这些。她所记得的就是这些。When she woke up a day later,she found herself in hospital.1）wake up 醒醒来来 wake-woke-woken 2)in the hospital在在医医院院 in hospital住院住院 go to the school去去学学校校 go to school去上去上学学 go to church去做礼拜去做礼拜 go to the church去教堂去教堂 第二天她醒来时，发现
23、第二天她醒来时，发现自己躺在医院里。自己躺在医院里。The girl set out from the coast one afternoon and was caught in a storm.Her boat struck a rock,so she jumped into the sea.She swam eight miles that night.She reached the shore early next morning.She had seen a light high up on the cilffs and she climbed up.She found herself in hospital a day later.(55 words)Thank you!See you next time!
