1、prior adj.先前的；优先的先前的；优先的prior to(doing)sth.在(做)某事之前=previous to(doing)sth.priority n.U优先权优先权;C优先考虑的事情优先考虑的事情1)Education is a top priority.2)Prior to _(work)in London,I got my PHD in the Computer Science at Stanford.3)The badly wounded take _(prior)for medical attention over those only slightly hurt.
2、workingpriorityconsist v.由由组成组成;在于在于consist of 由组成consist in=lie in (存)在于consist with 相符，与一致consistent adj.一致的一致的;连续的连续的1)The medical team,which _(consist)of 8 doctors and 16 nurses,is making its way to the stricken area.2)The football team,_(consist)of 23 players and 4 coaches,was set up about 3 ye
3、ars.3)Happiness does not consist _ how many belongings you own.4)Theory should consist _ practice.consistsconsisting无被动语态被动语态和进行时态进行时态“由组成”其他表达：be made up of be comprised of comprise inwithstuff Un.东西东西/物品物品&vt.填满；把填满；把塞进塞进stuff A with B 用B填/装/塞满AA be stuffed with B A被B填/装/塞满stuff B into A 把B装/塞进A1)
4、Luffy and Joba stuff their mouths _ tasty food.2)The rooms _(stuff)with priceless treasures.3)She stuffed the coins _ her pocket.4)你的冰箱里塞满了垃圾食品，这将会损害你的健康。(定语从句)Your fridge is stuffed with junk food,which will damage your health.staff U,集合名词集合名词全体职工全体职工stuff-stuffed-stuffed;stuffing withare stuffedin
5、toslice n.(切下的食物切下的食物)薄片薄片&vt.把把切成薄片切成薄片a slice of 一片 slice.off 切下 sliced adj.（食物）已切成薄片的（食物）已切成薄片的minimum adj.(限度限度)的的;最小的最小的 n.C最小值；最少量最小值；最少量at a minimum 至少=at leastat the minimum of.以最低的./至少maximum adj.最高的最高的;最多的最多的;n.C最大量最大量;最高限度最高限度1)The maximum temperature in Zhangpu is 28 degrees,and the mini
6、mum is 11 degrees today.2)_ a minimum,we must recruit(招聘)two new teachers.3)You must read English at the minimum of 30 minutes each day.At (复数复数:minimums/minima)(复数复数:maximums/maxima)minimum adj.(限度限度)的的;最小的最小的 n.最小值；最少量最小值；最少量at a minimum 至少=at leastat the minimum of.以最低的./至少keep/reduce sth.to a mi
7、nimum.把.保持在/减少到最小值maximum adj.最高的最高的;最多的最多的;n.最大量最大量;最高限度最高限度4)为了减轻财政问题，成本应降到最低。In order to alleviate the financial problem,costs should be kept to a minimum.(复数复数:minimums/minima)(复数复数:maximums/maxima)1)用consume的正确形式填空：China is a huge market of _,and large groups of _ usually _ too much food and wa
8、ter.2)与发展中国家相比，发达国家消耗的能源更多。(过去分词作状语）Compared with developing countries,developed countries consume more energy.consumptioncondumersconsumeconsume vt.吃吃/喝喝/饮饮;消耗消耗consumer Cn.消费者消费者consumption Un.消耗量消耗量;消费消费temperature n.温度温度temper n.脾气脾气;火气火气 have a bad/hot temper 脾气暴躁 lose ones temper(with sb)(对某人)
9、发脾气 go hand in hand 密切相关密切相关,齐头并进齐头并进 hand in hand 手拉手手拉手;by hand 用手，手工的用手，手工的 on the other hand 另另一一方面方面1)Rice farmers here still plant and harvest their crops _.2)For us,research and teaching _.3)Couples walked _ along the river.4)On the one hand,participating in extra-curricular activities allows
10、 children to develop their hobbies;_,too many such activities can increase childrens burden.5)让我们携手并进，共创健康美好的生活。Let us go hand in hand to create a healthy life.by handgo hand in handhand in handon the other hand1)We are working _ association with a number of local companies to raise money for the ho
11、meless.2)When talking about China,people often associate it _ the Yellow River.3)The Chinese traditionally wear something red on New Years Day,as the color _(associate)with happiness.association n.C协会；协会；U关联关联/系系in association with 与联合/有关联associate vt.联联/联系联系;vi.交往交往&n.同事同事/(生意生意)伙伴伙伴;&adj.准准/副的副的as
12、sociate A with B 把A与B联系起来A be associated with B A被和B联系起来/A与B有联系is associatedinwith4)The groups you associate with often determine the type of person you become.association n.C协会；协会；U关联关联/系系in association with 与联合/有关联associate vt.联联/联系联系;vi.交往交往&n.同事同事/(生意生意)伙伴伙伴;&adj.准准/副的副的associate A with B 使A与B联系
13、起来A be associated with B A被和B联系起来/A与B有联系associate with sb.与某人某人交往/联系regardless of不管不管/不顾不顾同义词组：no matter+疑问词+让步状语从句，主句=疑问词ever+让步状语从句，主句despite/in spite of+名词(短语)1)任何人，不论宗教，肤色，或信仰，都可以加入。Anyone can participate in _religion,colour,or belief.2)至于你的观点，我还是无法认同。With regard to your opinion,I still disagree
14、.regard n.注意注意;尊重尊重;问候问候复数复数 vt.认为认为/看作看作;regardless of/despite/in spite ofwith/in regard to 关/至于=as for+名词(短语)关心关心/注意注意cut down(on)砍倒砍倒(树木树木)；削减；削减cut in 插嘴；插嘴；超车超车cut off 切掉；切断（电，煤气，水等的）供应；切掉；切断（电，煤气，水等的）供应；cut out 割掉割掉/剪裁；剪裁；删除删除cut up 切碎切碎cut-cut-cut;cutting1)It is impolite to _ on others conver
15、sations.2)The rebels have_ electricity from the capital.3)I listened to the programme and found theyd _ all the interesting stuff.4)He _ on coffee and cigarettes,and ate a balanced diet.cut in cut off cut out cut downquality n.质量质量quantityn.数量；大量数量；大量/大批大批a quantity of +不可数名词不可数名词 a quantity of +可数名
16、词可数名词 quantities of +不可数不可数/可数名词可数名词in quantity 大量地，许多地1)Your homework has improved in quantity and quality this term.2)A large quantity of clothing _(steal)from the shop.3)Huge quantities of oil _(spill)into the sea now.4)It is cheaper to buy goods _ quantity.was stolenwere/are spilling大量的 谓语动词谓语动词
17、-单数单数 谓语动词谓语动词-复复数数 谓语动词谓语动词-复复数数in“大量的”其他表达：a number of/numbers of +可数名词 an amount of/amounts of+不可数名词 a lot of/lots of/plenty of +可数/不可数 trickCn.花招花招/诡计；恶作剧；诀窍诡计；恶作剧；诀窍/技巧技巧play a trick/tricks on sb.捉弄某人The trick is to.诀窍在于.vt.欺骗欺骗/诈骗诈骗trick sb.out of sth.从某人处骗走某物trick sb.into doing sth.欺骗某人做某事1)W
18、e are playing a trick _ a man who keeps bothering me.2)Just like creating new habits and the trick is _(start)small.3)The firm was tricked out of$20 million.4)他的家人骗他去了Pakistan，等到他一到那里，他们就拿走了他的护照。His family tricked him into going to Pakistan,and the instant/moment/minute he was there,they took away h
19、is passport.on to startbold adj.大胆自信的大胆自信的;敢于冒险的敢于冒险的boldly adv.大胆地；大胆地；敢于冒险地敢于冒险地elegant adj.精美的精美的;讲究的讲究的;文雅的文雅的 elegance n.高雅高雅;优雅优雅elegantly adv.优美地优美地;雅致地雅致地;高雅地高雅地 exceptional adj.特别的，罕见的特别的，罕见的；杰出的杰出的 exceptionally adv.极其，非常极其，非常 exception n.例外例外except vt.把把除外；免除除外；免除&prep.除除外外词性变化词性变化vegetar
20、ian n.素食者素食者 vegetable n.蔬菜蔬菜;stable adj.稳定的；稳重的稳定的；稳重的stably adv.平稳地；坚固地；安定地平稳地；坚固地；安定地fundamental adj.根本的根本的fundamentally adv.根本地根本地 词性变化词性变化modest adj.谦虚的；适度的；谦虚的；适度的；modesty n.谦虚谦虚/谦逊谦逊moderation n.适度；节制；温和；缓和适度；节制；温和；缓和词性变化词性变化1.告诉我你吃什么，我就能知道你是什么样的人。告诉我你吃什么，我就能知道你是什么样的人。Tell me what you eat,and
21、 I will tell you what you are.If you tell me what you eat,I will tell you what you are.1)祈使句+and+陈述句=If条件状语从句，+主句努力工作，你总有一天可以获得成功。努力工作，你总有一天可以获得成功。Work hard,and you will be successful one day.If you work hard,you will be successful one day.做好准备，否则你将无法通过考试。做好准备，否则你将无法通过考试。Get ready,or/or else/otherwi
22、se you wont pass the test.If you dont get ready,you wont pass the test.1)祈使句+and+陈述句=If条件状语从句，+主句2)祈使句+or/or else/otherwise+陈述句=If.not条件状语从句，+主句抓住这次机会，否则你会后悔。抓住这次机会，否则你会后悔。Grasp the chance,or/or else/otherwise you will regret it.If you dont grasp the chance,you will regret it.再努力一点再努力一点,你可以解决问题的。你可以
23、解决问题的。A bit more effort,and you will settle the problem.1)祈使句+and+陈述句=If条件状语从句，+主句2)祈使句+or/or else/otherwise+陈述句=If.not条件状语从句，+主句3)名词短语+and+陈述句再给我几分钟，我就能完成这份报告。再给我几分钟，我就能完成这份报告。A few minutes for me,and I will finish the report.2.刻苦又认真，他很快取得了骄人的成绩，并一度成为热点人物。刻苦又认真，他很快取得了骄人的成绩，并一度成为热点人物。Hard-working an
24、d serious,he quickly achieved remarkable results and at one point became a hit.总结：形容词(短语)作状语1.要求：其逻辑主语就是_；其用来说明主语的状态或表示方式/伴随、原因、时间、结果等；2.位置：句首/中/末都可。句子的主语1._(很想知道里面在发生什么),Eric pushed the door open and slipped into the house.2.Eric was encouraged by the teachers smile,_(对计划充满了信心)3._(迷失在森林之中)，Mary lea
25、ned against the tree，_(充满恐惧和绝望)4.又绝望又疲惫，Jane 跪了下来，眼泪顺着她的脸颊流了下来。Desperate and exhausted,Jane knelt down,with tears rolling down her cheeks.5.我转过身来面对她，准备好了让她看到我眼中的愤怒和失望。I turned around and faced her,ready to let her see the anger and disappointment in my eyes.用形容词用形容词(短语短语)作状语作状语Curious to know what w
26、as happening insidefull of confidence in his planLost in the forestfull of fear and despair3.趁着年轻，我们应该努力学习，获得更多的知识。趁着年轻，我们应该努力学习，获得更多的知识。We should learn hard and gain lots of knowledge while we are young.当.时时间状语从句根据句意，推测“while”在句中的意思1.While I know him,I dont know him very well.2.Theres plenty of rai
27、n in the southeast,while theres little in the northeast.3.While there is life,there is hope.4.While God has given me such a gift,it must be useful.尽管；虽然然而；可是既然让步状语并列连词，连接两个并列句只要原因状语条件状语(表对比表对比=but/whereas)(=as long as)(=since)4.由你自己决定你想如何生活。由你自己决定你想如何生活。Its up to you to decide how you want to live.T
28、he books he has read are up to 3000.You are not up to the job.多达胜任cuisine n.C&U菜肴菜肴;风味风味;烹饪烹饪 “炊事”“Eight Cuisines”of Chinapepper n.甜椒甜椒/灯笼椒灯笼椒C;胡椒粉胡椒粉U recipe n.C烹饪法烹饪法/食谱食谱；秘诀；秘诀 Recipe For Successbold adj.大胆自信的大胆自信的/敢于冒险的敢于冒险的；粗体粗体/黑体黑体boldly adv.大胆地；大胆地；敢于冒险地敢于冒险地chef n.厨师厨师;主厨主厨 (复数：复数：chefs)coo
29、k n.厨师厨师 peppercorn n.C胡椒粒胡椒粒vinegar n.U醋醋sausage n.C香香/腊肠腊肠bacon n.U熏猪肉熏猪肉/培根培根ham n.U火腿火腿 pork n.U猪肉猪肉elegant adj.精美的精美的;讲究的讲究的;文雅的文雅的elegance n.高雅高雅;优雅优雅elegantly adv.优美地优美地;雅致地雅致地;高雅地高雅地 1.Her _ style sets her apart from other translators.2.Her room was furnished _.3.The furniture managed to com
30、bine practicality with _.graceful adj.优雅的优雅的;(尤指在困境中尤指在困境中)得体的，有风度的得体的，有风度的eleganceelegantlyelegant be up to sb.to do sth.表示表示“应由某人做某事应由某人做某事”。常用。常用it作形式主语作形式主语。be up to 表示表示“从事于，忙于从事于，忙于”，后面接名词、代词或，后面接名词、代词或-ing形式等。形式等。be up to sb.表示表示“由某人决定由某人决定，随某人，随某人”。be up to 表示表示“胜任，适合，适于胜任，适合，适于”，多用于否定句或疑问句。
31、，多用于否定句或疑问句。be up to 表示表示及得上，比得上及得上，比得上”。1、Its up to you to decide where to go.2、All of us are up to good deeds.3、An Indian or a Chinese meal?Its up to you.4、Li Ping is not up to his work.5、The new book of Smiths is not up to his last.It is up to sb.to do sth.表示表示“应由某人做某事应由某人做某事”。eg.1.这个问题应由他来解决。这个问
32、题应由他来解决。Its up to him to resolve this problem.2.It is up to me _(get)the four of us moving.to get up to now +现在完成时现在完成时 直到现在直到现在1.Up to now,we _(receive)twenty papers.2.Up to now,2,698 people _(punish)because of their eating,smoking or selling goods on the subway.3.直到现在我还没有完成直到现在我还没有完成,我的家庭作业我的家庭作业.
33、Up to now,I still have not finnished my homework.have received have been punished1.Joe stared at the footprint,full of fear.2.Depressed and helpless,Eric burst into tears.3.Mary finally made it to the top of the mountain,hungry but excited.4.Ripe,these grapes are sweet.表伴随表伴随表原因表原因表结果表结果表时间表时间Read a
34、nd analyze1.Joe stared at the footprint,full of fear.2.Depressed and helpless,Eric burst into tears.3.Mary finally made it to the top of the mountain,hungry but excited.4.Ripe,these grapes are sweet.表伴随表伴随表原因表原因表结果表结果表时间表时间总结：总结：形容词形容词(短语短语)作状语作状语1.作用：作用：其其逻辑主语逻辑主语是是句子的主语句子的主语，用来说明主语的，用来说明主语的状态状态或表示
35、或表示方式方式/伴随伴随、原因原因、时间时间、结果结果等；等；2.位置：句首位置：句首/中中/末都可。末都可。practice1.当我在街上闲逛的时候，我遇到了我的一位老朋友。2.he went on working.虽然他累了,但他还是继续工作。3.Theres plenty of rain in the southeast while theres little in the northeast.4.只要有空气和水就会有生命，5.既然你这么奢侈，你将永远存不下来钱。_,you will never save any money.While/When I was wandering arou
36、ng the street,I met my old friends.While he was tired,东南部雨量充足而西北部则很少下雨。There will be life while there is water and air.While you are so extravagant知识连接：知识连接：when,while,as引导时间状语的区别引导时间状语的区别when所引导的从句，其谓语动词既可是持续动词，也可是短暂动词；谓语动词动作发生的时间可以与主句谓语动词的动作是同时，或之前、之后。1.When I came home my wife was cooking dinner.while句中的谓语动词应为延续动词，不用短暂动词，谓语动作发生的时间通常与主句谓语动词动作发生时间是同时。2.Darren was having a class while Michael was climbing a mountain.as侧重指从句与主句的动作同时进行，谓语动词可以是持续性的，可以是短暂性动词。3.As I passed the room，I heard them talking
