1、Section Welcome to the unit&Reading.核心词汇1_ n.土壤；国土，领土，土地2_ adj.海外的，国外的adv.在海外，向国外3_ n.地区，区域；行政区4_ n.大陆，陆地，洲5_ num.一百万；许多，大量6_ n.生物多样性7_ n.(pl.species)种，物种soilsoiloverseasoverseasregionregioncontinentcontinentmillionmillionbiodiversitybiodiversityspeciesspecies8_ n.坚果9_ n.野生动植物，野生生物10_ prep.在下面，在下方；配
2、不上11_ n.大量；团，块，堆；一大群adj.大批的，广泛的12_ adj.高大的，高耸的；出色的13_ adj.活着的，活的；在使用的n.生计，谋生；生活方式14_ n.蛙，青蛙15_ n.昆虫nutnutwildlifewildlifebeneathbeneathmassmasstoweringtoweringlivinglivingfrogfroginsectinsect16_ n.碳17_ n.氧，氧气18_ adv.因此，从而；这样19_ n.牛20_ n.影响，作用；撞击，冲撞vt.&vi.有影响；冲击21_ vt.&n.损坏，破坏，损害，伤害22_ n.气候；倾向，风气carb
3、oncarbonoxygenoxygenthusthuscattlecattleimpactimpactdamagedamageclimateclimate.拓展词汇1_ n&vt.伤害，损害_ adj.有害的_ adj.无害的2_ n长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长_ adj.&adv.长的；长期地_ vt.&vi.(使)延长，(使)变长3_ n不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体_ adj.各种各样的_ v相异，变化，多变4_ vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难_ n幸存_ n幸存者harmharmharmfulharmfulharmlessharmlesslengthlengt
4、hlonglonglengthenlengthenvarietyvarietyvariousvariousvaryvarysurvivesurvivesurvivalsurvivalsurvivorsurvivor5_ n营养素，营养物_ n营养；营养学_ adj.有营养的6_ vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪_ vi.出现_ n消失；消亡7_ n农业，农学 _ adj.农业的，农艺的8_ n灭绝，绝种_ adj.灭绝的，绝种的nutrientnutrientnutritionnutritionnutritiousnutritiousdisappeardisappearappearapp
5、eardisappearancedisappearanceagricultureagricultureagriculturalagriculturalextinctionextinctionextinctextinct.重点短语1_ 是的家园/栖息地2_ 根据判断3_ 大量的，大片的4_ 充满，到处都是(活的或动的东西)5_ 在中起着重要的作用，在中扮演重要角色6 _ 保持的微妙平衡7_ 超过，很，非常be home to.be home to.judge from/by.judge from/by.a sea ofa sea ofalive withalive withplay a sign
6、ificant role/part inplay a significant role/part inmaintain the fine balance of.maintain the fine balance of.more more thanthan8_ 在长度上9_ 为提供某物10_ 以为食11_ 相应地，转而12_ 使分解(为)，使变化(成)13_ 给带来起色，注入活力14_ 被称作15_ 由于，因为in lengthin lengthprovide provide sthsth.for.for.feed on.feed on.in turnin turnbreak downbreak
7、 downbreathe life into.breathe life into.be known as.be known as.due todue to.重点句型1亚马孙雨林面积约600万平方千米，是中国国土面积的一半以上。With an area of around 6 million square kilometres,the Amazon rainforest _ China.2亚马孙雨林得名自亚马孙河。亚马孙河长约6 400千米，比长江还长约100千米。The Amazon River,_ the rainforest gets its name,is close to 6，400
8、kilometres in lengthroughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.3随着人类活动的影响不断增加，濒危物种的名单越来越长，这留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺”的后果吗？_ the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer,we are left with a question:can we afford to damage the“
9、lungs of the planet”？is more than half the size ofis more than half the size offrom whichfrom whichAsAs根据课文内容选择正确答案1According to the text,which of the following statements is true?AThe Amazon rainforest plays a significant role in maintaining the balance of protecting the animals ecosystem.BThe Amaz
10、on rainforest crosses into eight countries,which are all on the North American continent.CThe Amazon rainforest covers an area of around 6 million square kilometres,which is more than half the size of China.DThe Amazon rainforest,from which the river gets its name,is close to 6，400 kilometres in len
11、gth.C C2How many plant species can be found in the Amazon rainforest?AAbout 1，300.BOver 40，000.CAround 400.DAbout 390，000.B B3Why has about 17 per cent of the rainforest disappeared over the past 50 years?AThe balance of protecting the animals ecosystem disappeared.B.Animals were hunted and plants w
12、ere damaged.CThis forests food chain was damaged.DThe impact of human activities continues to grow.D D4Where is the passage probably taken from?AA documentary.BA novel.CA guidebook.DA newspaper.A A重点词汇诠释1.harm n&vt.伤害，损害harm ones reputation/image 损害某人的声誉/形象do harm to sb./sth.do sb./sth.harm 对某人/某物有害
13、mean no harm(to sb.)(对某人)无恶意harmful adj.有害的be harmful to.对有害的harmless adj.无害的be harmless to.对无害的This event didnt harm his image.这次事件没有损害他的形象。Dont harm your eyes by reading in the poor light.不要在太暗的光线下看书，以免伤害你的眼睛。Smoking does great harm to your health.Smoking does your health great harm.吸烟有害健康。Too lou
14、d music can be harmful to our ears,so when listening to music,you shouldnt turn up the volume too high.太吵的音乐对我们的耳朵有害，所以当你听音乐的时候，不应该把声音调得太高。This object gives off harmful gases,which may do harm to/be harmful to our health.Youd better make the object harmless before you use it.这个物体发出有害的气体，这些气体可能对我们的健康
15、有害。你最好在用之前让它变得无害。单句语法填空/一句多译Coffee drunk on an empty stomach is not recommended because it can be _(harm)to your body.The children are prevented _ eating sweets by their father because they do harm _ their teeth.珍妮似乎焦虑不安，不想伤害她的妈妈。Jenny seems anxious and doesnt want to _(harm v)Jenny seems anxious an
16、d doesnt want to _(harm n)harmfulharmfulfromfromtotoharm her motherharm her mother do do her mother harm/do harm to her mother harm/do harm to her motherher mother2.more than(1)“more than数字”意为“超过，多于”，相当于over。此时more than的反义短语为less than(少于，不超过)。I have known David for more than 20 years.我认识戴维已经有20多年了。M
17、ore than ten students have made this suggestion.超过10个学生提出过这个建议。(2)“more thann.”结构中意为“不只是，不仅仅是”。For many people,fishing is more than a sport;it is an art.对很多人来说，钓鱼不只是一项运动，还是一门艺术。(3)“more thanadj./adv./v.”结构中意为“非常，很”，相当于very(much)。Lisa was more than sad to see her friend off at the airport.丽萨很伤心地在机场送别
18、她的朋友。Im sure conditions over there will more than satisfy your requirements.我确信，那边的条件会大大满足你的需要。(4)“more than句子(句中常含有can或could)”中意为“非所能，是难以的”。The beauty of the West Lake is more than I can imagine.西湖之美是我难以想象的。The heat there was more than he could stand.那里的高温是他难以忍受的。“more than one可数名词单数”意为“不止一个”，在语意上虽
19、表示复数概念，但作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。有相同用法的还有many a(许多)。More than one student in that school was admitted to Peking University this year.今年那所学校不止一个学生被北京大学录取了。I am more than glad to introduce Mary to everyone.She is more than a college student;she is also a singer,who can sing more than 100 popular songs.我非常高兴向大家介
20、绍玛丽。她不仅仅是一名大学生，她还是一位歌手，能唱100多首流行歌曲。判断下列句子中more than的含义Up to now more than five cities have been struck by the sudden typhoon._Do you need a hand,Tom?Yes,the job is more than I can do myself._Not surprisingly,I am more than excited to know that World Animal Protection is going to get some volunteers
21、in China._China Daily is more than a newspaper;it also helps us improve our English._超过，多于超过，多于非所能非常非常不只是，不仅仅是不只是，不仅仅是3.shelter nU遮蔽；居所，庇护 C遮蔽物；庇护处vt.保护；掩蔽；收留vi.躲避(风雨或危险)(1)under the shelter of sth.在某物的庇护/遮蔽/掩蔽下take shelter from.躲避(2)shelter from.躲避shelter.from.保护免受We made a dash through the rain to
22、 the bus shelter.我们冒雨冲进公共汽车候车亭。They enjoyed their picnic under the shelter of the tree.他们在树荫下享受野餐。We took shelter from the storm in a barn.我们在谷仓里躲避暴风雨。Those tourists were caught in a thunderstorm.Whats worse,they couldnt find anywhere to shelter.那些游客遭遇了雷雨。更糟糕的是，他们找不到任何可以躲雨的地方。We sat in the shade of
23、a large tree,sheltering from the sun.我们坐在一棵大树的树荫下，避免被晒到。They got lost in the forest and couldnt find a place to shelter themselves from wind and rain.他们在森林里迷路了，而且他们找不到遮风挡雨的地方。They plant flowers next to the wall to shelter them from the sunlight.他们把花种在墙边以避免阳光照射。Food,clothing,fuel and shelter are the
24、four most basic human needs.食品、衣物、燃料和住所是人类最基本的四种需求。单句语法填空Some parents are just too protective.They want to shelter their kids _ every kind of danger.She used an umbrella to take shelter _ the burning sun.My mother,who had a _(shelter)upbringing(抚育),has fantastic memories of childhood.He managed to b
25、uild a little hut out of driftwood to shelter himself _ bad weather.fromfromfromfromshelteredshelteredfromfrom4.variety n不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体(1)a(wide/great/large)variety of./varieties of.各种各样的(2)vary v.(彼此)相异；变化；多变vary from.to.从到之间变化/不等；和不同(3)various adj.各种各样的Join us to taste a variety of fresh local
26、food and drinks.与我们一起品尝各种新鲜的本地食物和饮料。The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.不同文化的群体对沉默的理解不同。Ocean colour varies from green to blue,depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton.海洋的颜色在绿色到蓝色之间变化，这取决于浮游植物的种类和浓度。Typing patterns vary from person to person.打字模式因人而异。No matter what yo
27、u like to do,there is a way to get involved in various activities on Earth Day.不管你喜欢做什么，都有办法参与到地球日的各种活动中去。a variety of/varieties of后可接可数名词复数或不可数名词。后接可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词多用复数形式，偶尔也可用单数形式；the variety of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。A variety of flowers are on show here.各种各样的花在这里展出。The variety of his books is astoni
28、shing.他的书种类之多让人惊叹。即学即练单句语法填空The students in my class come from a _(various)of different backgrounds.It is so convenient to live here because you can choose _(vary)ways of getting to different attractions.There are _(vary)kinds of theme parks,with a different park for almost everything:food,culture,s
29、cience,cartoons,movies or history.CCM organizes a _(vary)of events,including performances by the well-known LaSalle Quartet,CCMs Philharmonic Orchestra,and _(vary)groups of musicians presenting Baroque through modern music.varietyvarietyvariousvariousvariousvariousvarietyvarietyvariousvarious5.mass
30、adj.大批的，广泛的n大量；团，块，堆；一大群a mass of/masses of 大量，许多the mass of.中的大多数the masses 群众a mass marketing campaign 大规模营销活动weapons of mass destruction 大规模杀伤性武器Their latest product is aimed at the mass market.他们的最新产品瞄准了大众市场。A mass of books/Masses of books were sent to Project Hope.大量的书籍被送往了希望工程。The sky was full
31、 of dark masses of clouds.天空中乌云密布。The reforms are supported by the mass of the population.改革得到了大多数人的支持。特别提示：a mass of/masses of后可跟可数名词复数或不可数名词，当“a mass of/masses of名词”作主语时，其谓语动词的形式以of后名词所表达的意义而定。但在there be句型中，可根据就近原则，确定谓语动词的形式。Masses of customers are entering the supermarket.大批顾客正进入超市。A mass of snow
32、 lies in the yard.院子里积了大量的雪。即学即练完成句子He was popular with the rich but failed to win the support of _(民众).The reforms are unpopular with _(大多数教师).Now that you have _(一大堆的工作)to do,you dont have to help me with the housework.Some countries are faced with _(大批人失业的问题).the massesthe massesthe mass of teach
33、ersthe mass of teachersmasses of workmasses of workthe problem of mass unemploymentthe problem of mass unemployment6.living adj.活着的，活的；在使用的(反义词dead)n生计，谋生；生活方式earn ones living/earn a living/make a living 谋生everyday living 日常生活healthy living 健康的生活方式standards of living/living standards 生活水平the cost of
34、 living 生活费用Hes one of the greatest living composers.他是仍然健在的最伟大的作曲家之一。Its said that there are more than five thousand living languages in the world.据说世界上在使用的语言有五千多种。She earns her living as a part-time tutor.她靠做兼职家庭教师来维持生计。My father never talked about what he did to make a living.我父亲从不谈他是做什么来谋生的。Aver
35、age wages have increased in line with the cost of living.平均工资随着生活费用的提高而上涨了。即学即练完成句子You cant expect to _(谋生)from your painting.Mr.Smith did all he could to improve his familys _(生活水平).With the price rising so quickly,I find 1，000 yuan a month can hardly cover _(生活费用).earn/make a living/earn your livi
36、ngearn/make a living/earn your living living living standardsstandards/standards standards of livingof livingthe cost of livingthe cost of living7.survive survive vivi.生存，存活；继续存在vtvt.幸存，幸免于难；艰难渡过；比活(或存在)得时间长(1)survive on.依靠生存下来(2)survive sb.by时间段 比某人多活(3)survival n.生存；幸存survivor n.幸存者；生还者Ancient far
37、ming methods still survivedsurvived in the Middle East at that time.当时在中东，古老的耕作方式依然存在。She was the only person to survivesurvive the accident.她是这次事故的唯一幸存者。Many birds didnt survivesurvive the severe winter.很多鸟死于这次严冬。I dont know how you all manage to survive onsurvive on Jeremys salary.我真不知道你们只靠杰里米的薪水是
38、怎样生活的。The little girl was the only survivor who survived the strong earthquake.She told the reporter that she had to survive on little food during the days when she was buried.I think her survival was a real wonder.这个小女孩是这场大地震的唯一幸存者。她告诉记者她在被掩埋的日子里只能依靠很少的食物生存。我想她的生还真的是一个奇迹。即学即练单句语法填空Its said that the
39、 famous artist survived his wife _ two years.The doctor gave him a one-in-ten chance of _(survive).Of the six people injured in the crash,only two _(survive).Dogs have a very good sense of smell and are often used to search for _(survive)in an earthquake.I dont know how you all manage to survive _ y
40、our husbands salary._(survive)that night,we were confident that everything else would be all right.bybysurvivalsurvivalsurvivedsurvivedsurvivorssurvivorsononHaving survivedHaving survived8.in turn相应地，转而，反过来；轮流in ones turn 轮到某人；接着take turns to do sth./(at)doing sth.轮流做某事Its ones turn to do sth.轮到某人做某
41、事Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.理论是建立在实践的基础上，反过来为实践服务。The children called out their names in turn.孩子们依次自报姓名。It will be in Toms turn to be on duty tomorrow.明天轮到汤姆值日。We take turns making/to make dinner.我们轮流做饭。Its your turn to clean the blackboard.轮到你擦黑板了。单句语法填空We clean the cla
42、ssroom every week _ turn._ is my turn to clean the room.They took turns _(look)after their parents.Its my turn _(deliver)a speech in public.They took care of their sick father _ turns.ininItItto look/lookingto look/lookingto deliverto deliverbyby9.break downbreak down(1)(机器或车辆)出故障，坏掉Our car broke do
43、wnbroke down all of a sudden on the road.我们的车突然在路上出了故障。(2)(身体)垮掉，被搞垮If Tim carries on working like this,hell break downbreak down sooner or later.如果蒂姆继续这样工作，他的身体迟早会垮掉。(3)(讨论、谈判等)失败；破裂She was unwilling to stay in America after her marriage broke downbroke down.在她的婚姻破裂后，她就不愿意待在美国了。(4)(使)分解Enzymes in t
44、he stomach breakbreak our food downdown into useful substances.胃中的酶把我们的食物分解成有用的物质。(5)消除，驱除(人与人之间的隔阂等)It takes a long time to break downbreak down prejudices.消除偏见需要很长的时间。归纳拓展：break away(from)脱离，背叛break out爆发break in打断(谈话)break through突破；克服break into破门而入break up解散；结束We arrived at work in the morning a
45、nd found that somebody had broken into the office during the night.早上我们到达工作地点时发现有人在(前一天)晚上闯进了办公室。The police came and broke up the crowds.警察来了，把人群驱散了。判断下列句中break down的含义Martin Luther King tried to break down racial discrimination._Lets break down the project into smaller parts in order to deal with t
46、hem one by one._Men are left idle when machines break down_You will break down if you take on more work than you can._Peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached._消除消除将分成若干部分出故障出故障身体垮掉身体垮掉失败，破裂失败，破裂10.disappear vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪disappear behind/into 消失在后/中disap
47、pear from sight/view 从视线中消失disappearance n.消失The plane disappeared behind clouds.飞机消失在云层后。David watched until the train disappeared from sight/view.戴维一直看着火车从视线中消失。My keys have disappeared again.我的钥匙又不见了。A few years later,still attracted to the country,he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article ab
48、out the disappearance of the Aral Sea.几年后，他仍然被这个国家所吸引，回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章。The glaciers are disappearing,changing the face of Kilimanjaro.冰川正在消失，改变了乞力马扎罗山的面貌。单句语法填空/完成句子They watched the bus until it _(disappear)in the distance.The train disappeared _ view and I knew my best friend would never come
49、back.Unfortunately,the _(disappear)of the snow will also cause a major damage to the ecosystem on the dry African plains at its base.那个陌生人消失在黑暗中。That stranger _ the dark.disappeareddisappearedfromfromdisappearancedisappearancedisappeared intodisappeared into11due due adjadj.应付的，到期的；预定的，预期发生(到达的)；应支付
50、，应给予due to 由于，因为(to是介词)be due to do sth.预计/预期做某事(to为不定式符号)be due to sb.应付给/应给予某人(to为介词)The project had to be abandoned due todue to a lack of government funding.这项工程由于缺乏政府的资助而不得不中止。Ann and her husband became homeless due todue to their wrong investment.安和她的丈夫因为他们的投资失误而变得无家可归。Please make sure you ret
