1、Unit4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGEVocabulary(5)In April 1930,under the guidance of the central leadership,CPC military forces in the three areas regrouped as a single united army.guidance/adns/n.指导；引导；导航 under ones guidance under the guidance of sb.在某人的指导下 guide v.引路；指导；影响引路；指导；影响 n.指南；手册；向导指南；手册；向导 guide
2、sb.to.引导某人到 guide sb.in sth.在某事上引导某人guide,conduct,direct,lead这组动词的共同意思是“引导”“指引”。它们之间的区别是:1.conduct有时表示既做向导又当助手;guide表示带路者熟悉沿途情况,并在领路时加以指点;lead强调走在前面领路,也可指带领他人共同去达到某个目标;direct表示为某人指方向,指出某种途径,但自己并不亲自引路,也表示“指导”别人的事务或活动。例如:He guided them round the Art Show.他带领他们参观美术展览。Ill lead,you must follow me.我带路,你一定
3、得跟着我。He conducted a party of tourists to Europe.他带领着一批游客去欧洲。Tom directed him to the bus stop.汤姆指点他如何去汽车站。2.在引申表示“领导”时,guide和lead可互换。用作名词用作名词(n.)I know the place well,so let me be your guide.我熟悉那地方As a university graduate,I am seeking a job as a tourist guide.作为一名大学毕业生,我正在谋求一份当导游的工作。These philosophic
4、al views serve as a guide in life.这些哲学观点可以作为处世指南。His elder sister had been his guide,counsellor and friend.他姐姐过去一直指导他，给他出主意，是他的朋友。用作用作及物动词及物动词(vt.)His entire life was guided by his religious beliefs.他的宗教信仰指导了他的整个人生。If I lose my way,you guide me and cheer me on.我迷失方向时,你会引导我,鼓励我。Exercise单句语法填空(1)When
5、you arrive there,a girl will guide you _the right place.(2)_(guide)by the local farmer,we found the old house easily.写美微写作(3)在老师的指导下，我们完成了实验。_,we finished the experiment.GuidedUnder the guidance of our teachertoIm Liao Jieyuan,the founder of We Doctor Group.The theme of my speech this year is You wi
6、ll reap what you have sown.However,an incident completely changed my life in 2010.My little nephew was diagnosed with a serious illness and his family took him to see doctors in many hospitals.nephew/nefju/n.侄子；外甥 niece nis n.侄女，外甥Advertisers tend to tap all available platforms,ranging from the side
7、s of buildings to bullet trains,to promote their clients.And now,advertisers in China will find a new mediumhot air balloons that can be built in the shape of their clients products.advertising /dvtaz/n.广告活动；广告业advertise vt.&vi.公布；宣传；做广告；征求(寻找)advertise for.登广告征求advertise for sb to do sth登广告征求去做某事ad
8、vertisement n.广告广告advertiser n.广告商，广告客户广告商，广告客户advertise products for sale为推销产品做广告advertise heavily in newspapers在报纸上大做广告advertise for a job登广告求职advertise in the newspaper在报上刊登启事advertise through the press通过报纸宣传The advertising campaign didnt have much effect on sales.这些广告攻势对销售额并没有起到多大作用。We decided t
9、o advertise our new product.我们决定为我们的新产品做广告。We can advertise on the Internet.我们可以在网上登广告。They advertised that they had a used car for sale.他们做广告说他们有一辆旧车出售。Mother has been advertising for a cleaner for weeks without success.近几周母亲接连登广告想雇一名清洁工,但至今没有找到人。They advertised for a young girl to look after the c
10、hildren.他们登广告想招聘一位年轻姑娘来照顾孩子们。Exercise单句语法填空(1)Youd better advertise _ someone to look after the garden while you are on holiday.你度假时最好登广告找个人来照看花园。(2)_(advertise)are a good way to sell products or services.forAdvertisementsA worker counts Chinese currency renminbi at a bank in Linyi,East Chinas Shand
11、ong province.China is expected to deepen deposit rate reforms to lower corporate financing costs as part of the central banks well-calibrated efforts to strike a balance between stabilizing economic growth and sheltering from the risk of capital outflows,economic experts said on Tuesday.corporate/kp
12、rt/adj.公司的；法人的；社团的This company is concerned about its corporate image.这家公司关心它自身的法人形象。The owner opened a corporate checking account at the bank.公司老板在银行开了一个法人账户。Id like to make an appointment to see your Corporate Finance Manager.我想约见一下你们公司的财务经理。This is our corporate responsibility.这是我们共同的责任。This univ
13、ersity is a corporate body formed from several colleges.这所大学是由几个不同学院组成的。corporationn.公司；公司；法人法人corporatelyadv.团结地；共同地团结地；共同地He works for a large American corporation.他为美国一家大型公司工作。corporate action共同的行动corporate body团体corporate planning公司的计划corporate responsibility共同的责任 A helicopter searches for missi
14、ng people aboard the missing tour boat Kazu 1 off the Shiretoko Peninsula in Shari,Hokkaido Prefecture,Japan in this photo taken by Kyodo on April 25,2022.The 19-ton tour boat,Kazu One,was carrying 26 people when it went missing off the Shiretoko Peninsula in Japans northernmost prefecture of Hokkai
15、do on Saturday after making a distress call saying it was taking on water in rough seas.rough/rf/adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的adv.粗糙地；粗暴地n.粗制品；暴徒；高低不平的路面vt.使粗糙；殴打；草拟The cat had a rough tongue.猫的舌头表面很粗糙。This paper feels rough.这纸摸起来是粗糙的。He is rough in manner.他的举止不文雅。This paper is too rough to write on.这种纸太粗糙,不能写字。D
16、ont treat him rough.不要待他这样无礼。Dont rough my hair.别弄乱我的头发。The explorers had to rough it when they got into the jungle.那些探险家进入丛林后,不得不过着艰苦的生活。rough,rude这组词的共同意思是“粗鲁的”“粗糙的”。其区别在于：1.rough强调言行是粗鲁的。例如:Many a rough man has been civilized by his wife.许多粗野的男人都被妻子教好了。Dont be so rough with the child.不要对小孩这样粗暴。Hi
17、s manners are very rough.他的举止非常无礼。2.rude强调其源于教育差、文化低。例如:Its rude to peep.偷看别人是不礼貌的。He was severely reproached for his rude behaviour.他因行为粗鲁而受到严厉指责。All of us were astonished that Mr.White was so rude to him.怀特先生对他如此无礼,使我们都感到惊异。roughly adv.粗略地；大体上；大致上;粗暴地；粗鲁地;粗略地；粗乱地；随便地rough road崎岖的道路rough sea狂暴的大海ro
18、ugh time辛酸时期rough weather恶劣的天气rough on对粗暴的rough ones hair弄乱头发rough curiously好奇地过简陋的生活rough extremely极端地过简陋的生活rough pleasantly愉快地过简陋的生活rough uncomfortably不自在地过简陋的生活An attendee looks at a model of a Beidou Navigation Satellite at an expo in Shenyang,Liaoning province,in September 2020.navigator/nvet/n
19、.领航员；(飞机、船舶等上的)航行者navigation 英nven美nvenn.导航；航行；航海导航；航行；航海navigate英nvet美nvetvi.航行；驾驶；航行；驾驶；They were a group of early navigators.他们是一群早期的航海家。The man is a sixteenth Spanish navigator.那个人是十六世纪的航海家。Navigation is difficult on this river because of the hide rock.因为有暗礁，在这条河上航行很困难。The river became too narro
20、w and shallow to navigate.河道变得又窄又浅，无法航行。Many captains depend on electronic devices to navigate their ships.许多船长依靠电子仪器来驾驶他们的船。Hyperlinks make it much easier to navigate through a document.超链接使到你在文档中更容易的操纵。The large ship could not navigate the river.那艘大轮船不能在河里航行。It is a sad moment for loyal movie fans
21、.Qin Yi,an actress and recipient of the national honorary title Peoples Artist,passed away at age 100 in Shanghai on Monday,a huge loss to the Chinese film industry after the departure of director Huang Shuqin on April 21 at 82 and actor Liu Zifeng on May 7 at 83.loyal /ll/adj.忠诚的；忠实的A loyal man sta
22、nds by his friends in weal or woe.一个忠诚的人无论祸福都会支持他的朋友。We are loyal to our motherland.我们忠于祖国。I may say in all sincerity that you have been my most loyal friend.我可以非常真诚地说，你一直是我最忠实的朋友。The royal destroyer employs lots of loyal employees.皇家驱逐舰雇佣了很多忠心的雇员。loyal friend忠实的朋友remain loyal保持忠诚be loyal to忠于A man
23、sits inside a Renault Samsung Motor Twizy electric car during an auto expo in Goyang,South Korea.motor/mt(r)/n.发动机；马达 adj.有引擎的；机动车的用作名词用作名词(n.)At six oclock the motor started up.6点钟时马达开动起来。If the battery is dead,the motor wont turn over.电池要是用完了，马达就转不起来了。ITell him to shut off the motor.告诉他把发动机关掉。That
24、 young man is a motor mechanic.那个年轻人是一个汽车修理工。All this years new models are displayed at the motor show.汽车展览会上展出了今年所有的新型号。用作用作形容词形容词(adj.)Last year was really bad for the motor industry in Europe.去年，欧洲的机动车市场很不景气。The athlete has good motor coordination.那个运动员运动神经的协调很好。A ferry with 124 passengers and 10
25、 crew members on board caught fire on Monday while traveling to a town in Quezon Province on the main Luzon island,leaving at least seven dead,said a spokesperson for the Philippine Coast Guard,or PCG.firen.火；失火；炉火；开火；火；失火；炉火；开火；热情热情v.开火；解雇；点燃；急开火；解雇；点燃；急速地连续说速地连续说 make fire 生火set fire to放火烧；点着了catc
26、h fire着火(表动作)be on fire着火(表状态)put out a fire 灭火fight a fire救火n.(名词名词)fire作为物质名词表示“火”时是不可数名词,一般不加冠词,也不能用于复数形式。fire表示具体的炉火、火堆、一次火灾时是可数名词,表示“火灾”这一抽象事件时是不可数名词。fire引申可表示“射击”“炮火”“火力”,是不可数名词。fire用于比喻,意思是“热情”“怒火”“热心”,通常不可数,偶尔也用于复数形式,表示各种各样的强烈感情。v.(动词动词)fire用作名词的意思是“火”,转化为动词意思是“烧”“点燃”“开火”“射击”。引申可表示“激动”“发火”“发
27、动”。fire可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时接名词或代词作宾语。fire后接介词at或on,表示“朝开枪”,但未必打中。fire的进行体可表示“持续射击”。set fire,light这两个词(组)都可表示“点燃”。其区别是：set fire可表示意外或故意烧着了或点燃了某东西,如房子、衣服等;而light表示点燃香烟、炉灶、蜡烛等。例如:He lit a cigarette.他点燃了一支香烟。Who set fire to the house?是谁纵火烧这房子的?set on fire,catch fire这两个短语都可表示“燃烧”。其区别是：前者表示使动,意思是“使燃烧
28、”,可以是故意的或意外的;后者表示自动,意思是“燃烧”,一般是意外的。例如:The house caught fire.这房子失火了。The despot set his house on fire before he took to flight.恶霸逃跑前,放火烧了自己的房子。The sun gives off heat and light.太阳散发光和热。Rotten eggs give off a bad smell.臭蛋散发出难闻的气味。When wine is fermented it gives off bubbles of gas.酒发酵时会放出气泡。give off放出放出,
29、发出发出(气体、气味、烟雾、气体、气味、烟雾、光、水、热等光、水、热等)give give offoff放出放出,发出发出(气体、气味、烟雾、气体、气味、烟雾、光、水、热等光、水、热等)give give inin让步让步,投降投降,上交上交give awaygive away分发分发,泄露泄露,出卖出卖,让步让步give backgive back归还归还,恢复恢复,后退后退,反射反射(声、光等声、光等)give outgive out分发分发,发表发表,用尽用尽,精疲力竭精疲力竭give sb.a handgive sb.a hand 给予给予帮助帮助give up give up 放弃放
30、弃;投降投降;辞掉辞掉;自首自首 give way togive way to让路让路,让步让步【即学活用即学活用】用用正确的介词或副词正确的介词或副词填空填空(1)He refused to give _ to old age.(1)He refused to give _ to old age.(2)Dont give _ the secret.(2)Dont give _ the secret.(3)Give _ the examination papers.(3)Give _ the examination papers.(4)Chemical changes give _ energ
31、y.(4)Chemical changes give _ energy.(5)All great players never give _ in face of(5)All great players never give _ in face of difficulties.difficulties.ininawayawayoutoutoffoffupup Delicacies Destiny,a fictional series highlighting ancient cooking and food culture,tells the romantic story of a royal
32、chef and a crown prince.The comedy features the routine life of royal kitchen staff.Released online on April 7,the 16-episode series is running on Chinese videosharing platform Bilibili and Disney Plus,the streaming service of Disney,which is available in more than 50 countries.episode/epsd/n.(人生的)一
33、段经历；(小说的)片段；插曲One of the most impressive episodes in the book occurs in Chapter 7.书中最感人的部分是在第七章。Thats an episode in my life I wont forget forever.那是我一生中永远不会忘记的经历。In the final episode we will find out who did the murder.在连续剧的最后一集,我们就会发现谁是那宗谋杀案的凶手。dramatictragic episode戏剧性悲剧性的插曲the finallast episode连续
34、剧的最后一集an episode in一个插曲,一段经历the episode aboutof有关的情节Fireman Mane Kyab after tackling a blaze in December.In September 2018,he successfully saved a man,who was about to commit suicide on a cable-stayed bridge at a height of about 40 meters in Xmitment/kmtmnt/n.承诺；保证；奉献 make a commitment做出承诺 commit v.
35、犯(错误、罪等)；承担义务，使做出保证；投入 commit to doing sth.承诺做某事 committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的display/show commitment显示忠诚meet ones commitments履行承诺political commitment政治上的效忠religious commitment宗教上的虔诚sincere commitment虔诚的信奉He committed suicide rather than sell out to the enemy.他宁愿自杀而没有向敌人投降。He didnt commit himself to anyth
36、ing.他没有作任何承诺。The girl was committed to the care of an aunt.这女孩被交给姨母照顾。If you are serious about our relationship,you should make a commitment.如果你对我们的关系很认真，你就应该给个承诺。He made a commitment to pay the rent on time.他保证按时付房租。They are looking for someone with a real sense of commitment to the job.他们正在找一个对这一工作有献身精神的人。Exercise单句语法填空(1)The world has already committed to _(set)up a Climate Adaptation Fund.世界已经承诺建立一个气候适应基金。(2)He made a _(commit)that he would attend the ceremony on behalf of his school.他承诺他将代表学校参加典礼。settingcommitmentThanks
