1、Unit 1 Science fiction MENULeading-inWhile-classAfter-classPart.1 Leading-inPart.1 Leading-inPart.2 While-classPart.2 While-class新知导引诵读下列例句并感知画线部分的共性1Some trees were planted by the river.2The task will be finished next year.3Tow is considered as a good student.4He was heard singing.5The boy has been
2、 taken to Beijing.6The house is said to have been built last century.7The injured were taken to hospital.8Did it need to be done so soon?9There was business to be taken care of.10Im pleased to have been given this opportunity.共性呈现1所有画线部分都含有被动意义2句1,2,3,4,5,7为被动语态；句6,8,9,10为不定式的被动式 While-class被动语态知识点1
3、 被动语态的构成英语有种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者，其构成为：助动词be+动词过去分词。在被动语态中，动作的执行者一般由by引出，但在多数情况下被省略。通常只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词没有被动语态。1.被动语态的时态形式表（以动词do为例）：形式构成现在时一般式am/is/are+done进行式am/is/are+being done完成式has/have+been done过去时一般式was/were+done进行式was/were+being done完成式had been+
4、done 过去将来时should/would be done一般将来时will/shall be done2.被动语态的特殊情况（1）含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态的构成：情态动词be+及物动词的过去分词。All the letters should be answered immediately.所有信件均应立刻回复。（2）不定式的被动语态一般式（to be done）:表示不定式所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生或与其（几乎）同时发生完成式（to have been done）:表示不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前The book is said to
5、 be published soon.据说这本书很快就会出版。The book is said to have been translated into many languages.据说这本书已被译成很多种语言。知识点2 主动形式表示被动意义的情况1.连系动词（如look,sound,smell,feel,taste,remain等）后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。Your advice sounds practical.你的建议听起来是可行的。Whether we can have a holiday remains unknown.我们还不知道能否休假。The material
6、feels very soft.这种材料摸起来很软。The food tastes delicious.这种食物尝起来味道很好。2.当open,close,shut,lock,move,read,wash,clean,cook,sell,cut,wear,carry 等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。The door doesnt shut.这门关不上。The book sells well.这书卖得不错。3.want,need,require等少数表示需要的动词后跟v-ing时，常用主动形式表示被动意义。其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The house
7、needs cleaning.=The house needs to be cleaned.这所房子需要打扫。This wall requires repairing.=This wall requires to be repaired.这面墙需要修理。知识点3 使用被动语态时要注意的问题1.常见的不能用于被动语态的（短语）动词有 appear,belong,disappear,happen,break out,come true,take place,run out,date back等。We cannot say for sure what will happen.我们无法确切地说会发生什
8、么事。2.在主动语态里，跟在动词see,make,hear,watch,notice 等后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to,但变为被动语态时，to必须补上。他们让他独自去那里。They made him go there alone.（主动语态）He was made to go there alone by them.（被动语态）3.接双宾语的动词变被动语态。有些动词在主动语态中常接双宾语，即间接宾语（一般指人）和直接宾语（一般指物）。在变为被动语态时，如果间接宾语被提前作主语，那么直接宾语保持不变；如果直接宾语被提前作主语，那么间接宾语前一般要加上相应的介词to或for.We gave
9、him the letter.=He was given the letter by us.=The letter was given to him by us.我们把那封信给他了。She bought her mother a new coat.=Her mother was bought a new coat by her.=A new coat was bought for her mother by her.她给她妈妈买了一件新大衣。4.将含有动词介词/副词类短语动词（如 look after,put on）的主动句变为被动句时，原短语动词中的介词或副词应保留。她经常照看老人。She
10、often looks after the old.（主动语态）The old are often looked after by her.（被动语态）Part.3 After-classPart.3 After-classAfter-class在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式She didnt want _(treat)like a child.It is an honour for me _(ask)to speak here.Id like _(inform)of the process of your dealing with my complaint.He hurried to the airport,only _(find)the star had left.He hurried to the airport,only _(tell)the star had left.Thank you!
