1、Useful words and expressionsUnit 1 Science fiction选择性必修四1.Take notes on who the people are and their relationships to each other.1)take/make notes on/of sth 记下记下.2)a./ones/the relationship to/with sb 与某人的关系与某人的关系(explore)the relationship between(humans and robots)（探讨）某人之间的关系（探讨）某人之间的关系（个人、团体、国家之间关系、
2、事物之（个人、团体、国家之间关系、事物之间因果关系、爱情、亲属关系）间因果关系、爱情、亲属关系）(=relation,link,connection)Whats your relationship _ Sue?Shes my cousin.(=relation)Im not sure of their exact relationship _ themI think theyre cousins.She has a very close relationship _ her sister.There is a very close relationship _ poverty and crim
3、e.(=link,bond,relation,connection)tobetweenwithbetween2.adapt(a novel)for(televion/radio/a movie/a play)改编，改写（成电视剧、广播节目、电影、戏剧）改编，改写（成电视剧、广播节目、电影、戏剧）padapt(a movie/a play)from(a novel/the English original)由（小说、英语原著）改编，改写由（小说、英语原著）改编，改写padapt sth to do sth(to suit the needs of each person)for the disa
4、bled for use by disabled people （为了做某事，为某人）改造，改装（为了做某事，为某人）改造，改装padapt(oneself)to(college life/new environments)（使自己）适用（使自己）适用a specially adapted flat/car专门改造的公寓、汽车专门改造的公寓、汽车a highly adaptable worker 适用能力很强的工人适用能力很强的工人The catfish is highly adaptable to a wide range of water conditions.=is well adapt
5、ed to/adapts itself very well to.an adaptation for children/television of a play by Shakespeare 为儿童、电视改编的莎士比亚剧本为儿童、电视改编的莎士比亚剧本a screen/television/film/stage adaptation of his latest novel 他最新小说的电影他最新小说的电影、电视、电影、舞台剧改编本、电视、电影、舞台剧改编本 the remarkable adaptation of the camel to the desert 骆驼了不起的适用沙漠的能力骆驼了
6、不起的适用沙漠的能力3.satisfaction guaranteed 保证满意保证满意pguarantee (sb.)sth(success/safety/victory/a job/a place)to do sth.that(宾从宾从)pexpress satisfaction with sb./sth.对某人对某人/物表示满意物表示满意p to ones satisfaction 使某人感到满意的是使某人感到满意的是p(nod/smile)with satisfaction 满意地满意地(点头点头/微笑微笑)4.experiment with sth.(a robot/method/w
7、ay/drugs)试验、试用、尝试（毒品）试验、试用、尝试（毒品）pexperiment on sb./animals 在在身上做实验身上做实验5.It was going to be tested out by Larrys wife,Claire.他将由他将由Larry的妻子，的妻子，Claire 来测试。来测试。（划线部分为被动语态过去将来时）（划线部分为被动语态过去将来时）ptest out(a product/an idea/a theory/a plan)充分检验充分检验/测试测试(=try out)6.especially +n./pron.adj./adv.prep.conj.
8、(if/when/as/)尤其/特别地=in particular7.be away on(a)business(trip)for three weeks 将出差三周将出差三周8.persuade sb.that.（宾从）（宾从）/of sth.使某人相信使某人相信/信服信服 =convince sb that./of sth p persuade sb into/out of doing sth.说服某人（不）做某事说服某人（不）做某事 =persuade/convince sb.(not)to do sth.我们最终使法官相信我们是无辜的。我们最终使法官相信我们是无辜的。We finall
9、y managed to persuade/convince the judge that we were innocent/of our innocence.9.or allow her to be harmed.允许某人受到伤害（动词不定式被动语态作宾补）允许某人受到伤害（动词不定式被动语态作宾补）pallow/ask/want/like/love/prefer/hate/expect/wish/order/.（动词不定式（动词不定式主动语态或主动语态或被动语态被动语态作宾补）作宾补）sb./sth.to do sth.sb./sth.to be done （宾语是动作的发出者）（宾语是动
10、作的承受者）They dont allow the books _(take)out of the library.By that time,Tony expected the house _completely _(transform).The boss ordered/wanted/wished/would like the work _(finish)by Friday.Energy drinks are not allowed _(make)in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand.to be taken(to be)transf
11、ormed(to be)finishedto be made 11.bonus C 奖金，奖金，红利红利(money added to ones wages,especially as a reward for good work)意外收获意外收获(anything good that you did not expect in a situation)(of/for)Company employees receive an annual/Christmas bonus/a$20,000 bonus.公司雇员获得年度、圣诞节、公司雇员获得年度、圣诞节、20,000美元奖金。美元奖金。Being
12、 able to walk to work is an added bonus of the new job.She was rewarded _ her efforts _ a cash bonus.Britains possession of North Sea oil has proved a bonus _ British technology If you buy direct,products are much cheaper,with the added _ of fast delivery.(bonus/advantage/treat/surprise)bonus for wi
13、th for bonus=benefit 12.alarm vt.使使(某人某人)警觉警觉/惊恐惊恐 【U】惊恐，惊慌；惊恐，惊慌；【C】警报器；闹钟警报器；闹钟pbe/feel alarmed by/at sth.to see/find/hear 因因而感到警觉而感到警觉/惊恐惊恐 =be/feel worried or frightenedpalarming adj.令人惊恐的令人惊恐的(=worrying or frightening)p(look up)in alarm 惊恐地（抬起头来）惊恐地（抬起头来）pset off/sound/raise the alarm 拉响警报拉响警报
14、The alarm went _.警报响起。警报响起。_(alarm)by the noise,the birds flew away.Our planets wildlife is dying out at an _ rate.Alarmed off alarming 13.seemed more like an a human than a machine 似乎更像人，不太像机器似乎更像人，不太像机器14.need/want help doing sth(dressing)with sth(the bags)需要帮忙做某事需要帮忙做某事15.Now she _(look)after by
15、a robot that looked so human,and it was disturbing.Claire thought it was ridiculous that she _(offer)sympathy by a robot,but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him.The saleswoman there was rude to her,so she rang Tony and told him she _(treat)badly.was being looked was
16、 being offered was being treated By that time,Tony expected that the house,which _ completely _(transform)would be ready.16.offer sympathy to sb.对对表示同情表示同情 =have/feel/express/show sympathy for sb.=be/feel sympathetic to/towards sb.17.integrity U 诚实正直；诚实正直；完整，完全完整，完全(=unity)maintain/preserve ones int
17、egrity 保持正直保持正直question/doubt ones integrity 怀疑某人正直怀疑某人正直behave with integrity行为诚实正直行为诚实正直She has a reputation _ honesty and personal integrity.18.treat sb with dignity/respect 尊重某人尊重某人pdie with dignity 死得有尊严死得有尊严for was beingtransformed pface ones death/adversity with dignity 有尊严地面对死亡有尊严地面对死亡/逆境逆境p
18、maintain/lose ones dignity 保持保持/失去自尊失去自尊19.She told him how she was unhappy that her home wasnt elegant enough for Lary,_ wanted to improve his social position with a biggger salary.pwasnt elegant enough for Larry,.（她的家对拉里来说不够雅致）（她的家对拉里来说不够雅致）20.as a favour(to sb)作为作为（给某人的）（给某人的）一项恩惠一项恩惠He hired Joh
19、n as a favour to his father.他雇佣约翰是给他父亲一个面子他雇佣约翰是给他父亲一个面子pdo sb a favour 帮某人一个忙帮某人一个忙pdo oneself a favour 照顾好自己，对自己好点照顾好自己，对自己好点who=how unhappy she was that pask(sb)a favour/ask a favour of sb 请（某人）帮个忙请（某人）帮个忙powe sb a favour 欠某人一个人情欠某人一个人情preturn the favour 还人情还人情p(be/write/speak/vote/argue)in favou
20、r of sth/doing sth 赞成赞成/支持支持p(be/do sth)in ones favour 对某人有利对某人有利pfavour sth/doing(shaking hands,bowing from the waist,or nodding the head.)=prefer sth/doing sth 更喜欢更喜欢21.borrowed some library books for him to read,or rather,scan.不定式复合结构作目的状语，跟前面的名词有动宾关系。不定式复合结构作目的状语，跟前面的名词有动宾关系。por rather 更确切、更准确地说
21、更确切、更准确地说He came home very late last nigh,or rather very early this morning.pnot.but rather 不是不是.而是而是 22.(looked at his fingers)with/in wonder 惊奇地（看着他的手指）惊奇地（看着他的手指）The children gazed in wonder when they saw snow _ the first time.23.How absurd(it was),she thought.她想，多么的可笑啊。她想，多么的可笑啊。=How ridiculous(
22、it was),she thought.pabsurd adj.荒谬的，荒唐的，愚蠢的荒谬的，荒唐的，愚蠢的(ridiculous,stupid)pabsurdly(low/high)adv.荒唐地，出奇地荒唐地，出奇地（高、低）（高、低）=ridiculouslypIt is absurd/ridiculous to do sth.做某事是荒唐可笑的。做某事是荒唐可笑的。24.gave Claire a new hairstyle and improved her makeup 给给Claire 做了一个新发型，改善她的化妆（妆容）做了一个新发型，改善她的化妆（妆容）for pwear ma
23、ke-up 化妆化妆25.accompany sb to sth 陪伴某人去某地陪伴某人去某地26.wrote out a list of things that he would need for his work on the house 开具一份房子工程所需材料的清单开具一份房子工程所需材料的清单pwrite out(a list of/a check)for sb.为某人开出为某人开出/填写（清单填写（清单/支票）支票）27.go downtown 到城里去到城里去28.had an appointment to paint her nails.按预约去做美甲按预约去做美甲 p hav
24、e an appointment with sb 跟某人有一个预约跟某人有一个预约pmake/arrange an appointment with sb/to do sth 跟某人约个时间、做某事跟某人约个时间、做某事29.As she turned around,there stood Gladys Claffern.当她转过身来，当她转过身来，Gladys Claffern站在那里。站在那里。pThere/Here/Now/Then+be/vi.+主语主语（完全倒装句之一）（完全倒装句之一）(be,follow,come,go,live,sit,stand,lie,remain.)The
25、re stood Bill,_(lean)up against the wall in the hallway,_(stare)at the floor.比尔站在那里，靠着墙，凝视着地面。比尔站在那里，靠着墙，凝视着地面。There comes a point _ you give up.在你该放弃了。在你该放弃了。There followed St Pauls Cathedral _(build)after the terrible fire of London in 1666.leaning staring where built 30.How awful(it was)_(discove
26、r)by her,Claire thought.被她发现了是多么的难堪啊被她发现了是多么的难堪啊,Claire 心想！心想！=How awful/terrible/unpleasant it was _ her _(discover)me,Claire thought.不定式被动语态除了作宾补，还可以作主语或宾语、状语：不定式被动语态除了作宾补，还可以作主语或宾语、状语：Claire thought it(was)ridiculous_(offer)sympathy by a robot.=Claire thought it(was)ridiculous _ a robot _(offer)h
27、er sympathy.What a sweet victory(it was)_(envy)by those women!=What a sweet victory it is _ those women _(envy)me!to be discovered for to discover for to be offered to offer to be envied for to envy 考例 It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness _.A.to make B.to be ma
28、de C.making D.being made 点拨 1.根据for sb.to do sth.for sth.to be done 结构作主语。2.make the connection between and 看出和之间的联系31.By the look on her face,Claire knew that Gladys thought they were in a relationship.1)know sb./sth.by(ones look/voice/hair)根据（根据（某人某人表情表情/声音声音/头发）认出头发）认出/知道知道 He looked very differe
29、nt,but I knew him _ his voice/the color of his hair.(=recognize)2)be in a relationship 在谈恋爱在谈恋爱by32.Although it was completely innocent,Claire felt guilty.pinnocent adj.（人、（人、事事）无辜的，清白的，无罪的）无辜的，清白的，无罪的(guilty)（人）天真无邪的（人）天真无邪的 （事）不带恶意的，不冒犯之意的（事）不带恶意的，不冒犯之意的pinnocenty adv.pinnocence U 无辜，清白，无罪无辜，清白，无罪
30、;纯真，天真纯真，天真(guilt)pbe innocent of murder/charge/crime 没有犯谋杀罪、被指控、犯罪没有犯谋杀罪、被指控、犯罪pfind sb innocent(of.)判决某人无罪（没有犯判决某人无罪（没有犯.罪）罪）pan innocent child 天真无邪的孩子天真无邪的孩子pIt was all innocent fun/a perfectly innocent remark/mistake.那完全是无恶意的玩笑、话、错误那完全是无恶意的玩笑、话、错误pguilty adj.羞愧的，内疚的羞愧的，内疚的(ashamed and sad)有罪的，犯了
31、罪的；有罪的，犯了罪的；有错的，有过失的有错的，有过失的(innocent)pguiltily adv.pguilt Upfeel guilty at/about sth/(not)doing sth 对（没有）做某事而感到内疚对（没有）做某事而感到内疚 =feel bad about.I feel really guilty at forgetting her birday again.about not visiting my parents more often.about what/the things I said to my mother.She had a guilty look
32、 on her face.pbe guilty of(murder/crime/lying/selfishness)犯有犯有.罪、过失罪、过失pfind sb(not)guilty (ofmurder/crime.)判决某人（没有）犯罪判决某人（没有）犯罪（谋杀罪、犯罪）（谋杀罪、犯罪）Under the law,everyone is considered _(innocene)until _(prove)_(guilt)I dont think of watching TV _ a guilty pleasure.我不觉得爱看电视有什么羞愧的。我不觉得爱看电视有什么羞愧的。33.Glady
33、s was everything Claire whished to be.Gladys是是Claire极力模仿的对象。极力模仿的对象。34.Tony told her she was being sensitive and was just as good as Gladys.Tony 告诉她她这样想有点敏感，告诉她她这样想有点敏感，其实她像其实她像Gladys一样优秀。一样优秀。系动词系动词be表示状态时，不用于进行体表示状态时，不用于进行体,用一般现在或过去时。用一般现在或过去时。He is tall.不能说：不能说：He is being tall.innocentprovedguil
34、tyas 但是当但是当be表示表示“显示出某种样子显示出某种样子”时，时，可以用于进行时。可以用于进行时。He is being kind.=He is acting kindly.Many was being a good girl that day.=Mary was behaving well that day.35.work steadily on the(home)improvements 稳步地进行修缮工作稳步地进行修缮工作pcarry out/make some improvements to sth 对进行改进、改善对进行改进、改善36.Claire tried to help
35、 by working on a light _(suspend)from the ceiling.Claire 试图帮忙安装天花板上的吊灯。试图帮忙安装天花板上的吊灯。1)work on sth 从事，忙于从事，忙于2)suspend vt.悬，挂，吊悬，挂，吊 暂停，暂缓，暂停，暂缓，中止（行动、活动）中止（行动、活动）（因违规使某人（因违规使某人)停学、停职停学、停职psuspend sth from sth 把把.从从.悬挂、垂吊下来悬挂、垂吊下来psuspend sth by/on sth 用用.悬挂、垂吊某物悬挂、垂吊某物psuspend sb from(school/ones j
36、ob/team)使某人暂时停学、停职使某人暂时停学、停职suspended A large light/lamp _ from the ceiling.Her body was found _(suspend)by a rope.Sales of the drug will _(suspend)until more tests _(complete).He _(suspend)from school for a week for stealing.The electric fan _(suspend)from the ceiling above us was out of order.is/w
37、as suspended=hangs/hungsuspendedbe suspendedare completedwas suspendedhas been suspendedwill be suspendedsuspended37.fall off the ladder/bike/tree/table 从从.掉下来掉下来pfall over vi.摔倒摔倒pfall over sth=trip over sth 被某物绊倒被某物绊倒pfall down 摔倒；倒塌摔倒；倒塌pfall apart vi.破碎，破裂；散架，崩溃破碎，破裂；散架，崩溃(=fall into pieces/bits
38、)pfall in love with sbpfall behind(sb)落后于（某人）落后于（某人）38.The clock struck eight.时钟敲响八点。时钟敲响八点。p(clock)strike eight/nine（钟）敲响（钟）敲响（.点）；报（点）；报（.时）时）pstrike the hour 整点报时整点报时 关于关于strike(struck,struck)的其它用法的其它用法 strike sb/sth(in/against/on/with)打击，打击，撞击撞击(=hit)strike vt.&vi.（人、动物）突然袭击、攻击；（人、动物）突然袭击、攻击；（灾难
39、、疾病）侵袭，爆发（灾难、疾病）侵袭，爆发Everything seemed to be going fine when suddenly disaster/tragedy struck.strike(for sth)（为（为.）罢工）罢工(idea/thought)strike sb 某人突然想到某人突然想到,一下子想起、意识到一下子想起、意识到（想法）（想法）An awful thought has just struck me.刚才我脑海里一下子闪过一个可怕的念头。刚才我脑海里一下子闪过一个可怕的念头。pIt strikes/hits/occurs to sb that/wh-.某人突然
40、想到某人突然想到 be struck by sth 被打动、迷住了被打动、迷住了 39.so Claire dismissed Tony for the rest of the night.pdismiss vt.让（某人）离开，把（某人）打发走，解散让（某人）离开，把（某人）打发走，解散 vt.解雇，开除解雇，开除（某人）（某人）(from ones post/job for sth)(=fire,remove)vt.消除，摒除消除，摒除(ones fears,sb from ones mind)vt.拒绝考虑，不予理会拒绝考虑，不予理会 pdismiss(an idea/opinion/p
41、roposal)as(unrealistic/impossilbe/worthless)认为某个想法、意见、提议等不现实、不可能、没有价值而拒绝认为某个想法、意见、提议等不现实、不可能、没有价值而拒绝考虑考虑40.take/hold sb in ones arms 抱住某人抱住某人41.bring sb/sth close to.使使.贴近贴近.42.declare that/wh-从句从句 sb/sth(to be)a winner/a world/national park/man and wife 宣布宣布.为获胜者、世界为获胜者、世界/国家公园、夫妻国家公园、夫妻(+n.+n.)sb/
42、sth guilty/innocent/illigal/invalid (+n.+adj.)the meeting/museum open/closed 宣布宣布.开幕开幕/开放开放/关闭关闭 independence from(Britian)宣布宣布（从（从.）独立）独立(+n.)war(on France)（向（向.）宣战）宣战(+n.)=say officially or publicly 宣布，宣告宣布，宣告 pdeclare that/“.”（间接或直接引语）（间接或直接引语）ones intenton of./oppositon to sth 宣称想要做某事、反对某事宣称想要做某事、反对某事 oneself(to be)angry/puzzled/hurt 宣称自己宣称自己.=state firmly and clearly 声称，宣称，断言声称，宣称，断言 43.feel more than just the desire to do sth(please her)感觉不仅仅是想要做某事（让她开心）感觉不仅仅是想要做某事（让她开心）Homework
