1、单单词词课课堂堂A word is a microcosm of human consciousness.Vygotsky教材版本：新外研教材版本：新外研册别单元：必修一册别单元：必修一 Unit 5(Understanding ideas)本单元词汇梳理本单元词汇梳理1.charity：抽象名词具体化2.Atlantic：拓展Pacific,Oceania,Indian,Arctic 3.annual：同义词：yearly；派生词：annually4.构词法：migrate migration5.seek：基本义：寻找 正式用语：对应 look for ask for try to get
2、词块：seek a job,seek(sbs)help/advice,seek to do sth 派生词：seeker(job seekers)6.measure：meas-(测量)+-ure 词块：take measures to do sth=take action to do sth7.position：基本义“位置”词块：apply for a position,in sbs position8.determine：de-(off,)+term(to mark the end or boundary 划界限)明确；词源同term,terminal 词块：determine to do
3、 sth 词族：determine,determined,determination9.eventually：eventual(最终的)+-ly；同义词：finally10.solution：solve solution 用法：a solution to sth，类似结构：way to,key to等11.amazing：词族：amaze,amazed,amazing(分词形容词),amazement12.crash：词源：拟声词，模仿碰撞的声音 一词多义：基本义“撞碎”词块：crash into,a car/plane crash13.per cent：美式percent；拓展percent
4、age14.destroy：de-(down 向下)+struere(build 建，同structure)破坏建筑的结构 毁坏；精准的汉语释义“毁坏”15.chemical：同源词：chemistry,chemist16.creature：词族：create,creative,creatively,creator,creature 词块：living creature17.survive：sur-(over,beyond 超过)+vive(to live 活)比活得长 同根词：vivid,revive,vital,vitamin 词族：survive,survival,survivor18.
5、effect：词块：have an effect on,greenhouse effect,side effect,in effect,take effect 派生词：effectiveposition重重难难点点词词精精讲讲一词多义一词多义seek英语释义英语释义正式用语与正式用语与非正式用语非正式用语measure 一词多义一词多义一词多义一词多义crash survive一词多义一词多义effect一词多义一词多义英语释义英语释义determined搭配义搭配义魁地奇比赛中的找球手魁地奇比赛中的找球手seeker在哈利波特的魔法世界中，最受欢迎的运动莫过于魁地奇比赛(Quidditch)
6、。找球手seeker在比赛中起着极为重要的作用，他们负责抓取金色飞贼(the golden snitch)，往往能使自己的球队反败为胜。seekseek(sought,sought)v 正式用语或书面用语 vt&vi 寻找寻找 to look for sb/sth：They sought for a place to shelter from the rain,but in vain.seek jobs/work/employment 根据根据seek的基本义的基本义to look for，猜猜下列句子中，猜猜下列句子中seek的意思。的意思。1.The book inspires confi
7、dence in students who wish to seek their own answers.2.They had sought my advice,and I had recommended this machine.3.Scientists have been seeking to understand the mystery of the “sixth sense”of direction.寻求寻求 口语口语 try to find/get征求征求 口语口语 ask for试图试图/企图企图 口语口语 try to do【词汇拓展词汇拓展】seek out 找出；找到：找出；
8、找到：We must seek out a solution to the problem.play hide-and-seek 玩捉迷藏玩捉迷藏seeker n C 寻找者；追求者：寻找者；追求者：a job seeker 重要词块重要词块正式用语多用于正式场合(formal situations)，如商业信函、报告、讲座、会议，以及与陌生人和比自己级别高的人的交谈中。非正式用语则多用于非正式场合(informal situations)，如与熟人的日常交流，包括会话和书信往来等。学习词汇时要了解它使用的情景，避免日常交流和书面表达时因为用词不恰当、不得体导致交际失败。本单元词汇表中的see
9、k是正式用语，B1U1出现的习语 butterflies in ones stomach 是非正式用语。正式正式 (formal)用语与非正式用语与非正式 (informal)用语用语informalneutral（中性）formal错误错误/mistake计划计划 (v v)/plan联系联系 (v v)/contact种类种类/kind得到得到/get认为认为think/好的；极好的好的；极好的good;excellent/出教室出教室/go out of the classroom_ the classroom心慌；紧张心慌；紧张have _ in ones stomachfeel ve
10、ry nervous/errorintendget in touch withgaintypefigureneatexitbutterflies中国古代中国古代西方西方重量单位两；斤两；斤磅(pound)；克(gram)；千克(kilogram)1磅=0.454千克 容积和体积单位升；斗；石升；斗；石1石=10斗=100升品脱(pint)（568毫升），加仑(gallon)（4.55升）长度单位尺；寸尺；寸1尺=10寸=0.33米英尺(foot)；英寸(inch)；英里(mile)；码(yard)；米(meter)；千米(kilometer)1英尺=12英寸=0.3048米；1英里=1.609
11、千米1码=0.9米中西方关于中西方关于度量衡度量衡(weights and measures)的常见表达都有哪些呢？的常见表达都有哪些呢？measure以人名命名的物理单位：力的单位：牛顿(N)；功的单位：焦耳(J)；频率的单位：赫兹(Hz)；电流的单位：安培(A)等等 measuren C&U 度量单位；计量标准：度量单位；计量标准：weights and measures C 正式用语正式用语(判断的判断的)标准；衡量标准；衡量 a way of testing or judging sth：Speed is a good measure of work performance in th
12、is setting.“测量测量”的单位的单位“测量测量”的标准的标准measure的词源义为“测量”，是 meter（米）的同源词 C 用单数用单数(一定的一定的)量；程度量；程度(degree)：No matter how unpredictable the future,theres almost always some measure of joy to be got from the moment.C 常用复数常用复数 措施；办法措施；办法 an official action(step)：safety measures It is high time that we should
13、take some measures to protect endangered animals.“测量测量”的结果的结果“测量测量”的方法的方法 vt&vi 量；测量量；测量：用作系动词用作系动词 不用于进行时不用于进行时(尺寸、数量等尺寸、数量等)量度为量度为：The room measures 10 meters across.vt 估量；衡量估量；衡量(assess)：measure vmeasuring instruments The doctor weighed the baby and measured its height.Scientists havent measured
14、the positive effects of laughter on children.measurement n U 测量；衡量；测量；衡量；C 常用复数常用复数 尺寸尺寸:take sbs measurements“测量测量”的单位的单位“测量测量”的标准的标准“测量测量”的结果的结果“测量测量”的方法的方法度量单位；度量单位；计量标准计量标准(判断的判断的)标标准；衡量准；衡量 (一定的一定的)量；量；程度程度 措施；办法措施；办法 measure语义网络图语义网络图measure测量测量基本义基本义量；测量量；测量估量；衡量估量；衡量 (尺寸、数量尺寸、数量等等)量度为量度为nvTh
15、e location of the tower is close to the pool.这里的location是“位置”的意思。还有什么词可以表示“位置”呢？position CU 位置；方位；位置；方位；(恰当或正确的恰当或正确的)位置：位置：Can you show me the position of the city on the map?The orchestra were all in position,waiting for the conductor.CU 姿势；姿势；(物体所指的物体所指的)方向：方向：Lie in a comfortable position.Keep t
16、he box in an upright position.CU 地位；身份：地位；身份：The social position of each character influences the way they behave to each other.a man of positionposition n C 正式用语正式用语 职位；职务职位；职务 a job(post)：He is thinking of applying for the position of Chief Editor.Bruce takes/holds the position of sales manager in
17、 a large company.C(比赛中的比赛中的)名次：名次：She finished the race in third position.C 常用单数常用单数 处境；状况处境；状况 the state or situation that sb/sth is in:What would you do if in my position?Im afraid I am not in a position to help you.C 常与常与on连用连用 立场；观点；态度立场；观点；态度 an opinion on or an attitude towards a particular su
18、bject(attitude)：When the time comes to make a decision and take a position on an issue,allow for the contributions of each member of the group.I hope youll reconsider your position.名词动词化名词动词化 vt 放置；安放放置；安放(place)：I positioned myself to take the best photo of the sea view.物体在空间上的物体在空间上的“位置位置”人身体人身体 /
19、物体的物体的“位置位置”在社会中的在社会中的“位置位置”在工作中的在工作中的“位置位置”在比赛中的在比赛中的“位置位置”位置；方位位置；方位姿势；姿势；(物体所指的物体所指的)方向方向地位；身份地位；身份职位；职务职位；职务 (比赛中的比赛中的)名次名次position语义网络图语义网络图position位置位置基本义基本义在态度中的在态度中的“位置位置”立场；观点；态度立场；观点；态度 在情境中的在情境中的“位置位置”处境；状况处境；状况 Your attitude your altitude.你的态度决定你的高度。determine 和 decide在程度上和正式上有区别determine
20、 vt 确定；查明确定；查明(establish)：Investigators are still trying to determine what caused the fire.vt 支配；影响支配；影响：It is your efforts,not your intelligence that determine your success.Demand determines supply.determine v 正式用语正式用语 vt&vi 决心；决定决心；决定 decide firmly：I determine to make more efforts to improve my En
21、glish.She determined that nothing should be changed in her report.We determined on an early start.【词汇拓展词汇拓展】determined adj 有决心的；意志坚定的：有决心的；意志坚定的：My father was determined that none of his children would be denied an education.(be)determined to do sth:Amazed at how skilful they were,I was determined t
22、o be just as good.坚决的；坚定的：坚决的；坚定的：She gave me a determined look the kind that said she wouldnt change her mind.determination n U 决定；决心；果断决定；决心；果断约翰约翰沃尔夫冈沃尔夫冈冯冯歌德（歌德（Johann Wolfgang von Goethe，17491749年年8 8月月2828日日18321832年年3 3月月2222日），是最伟大日），是最伟大的德国作家之一，也是世界文学领域的一个出类拔萃的的德国作家之一，也是世界文学领域的一个出类拔萃的光辉人物。代
23、表作品少年维特的烦恼、浮士德。光辉人物。代表作品少年维特的烦恼、浮士德。crash最初是一个拟声词，模仿碰撞的声音“哗啦”；随着社会的发展，产生了“(公司等)倒闭”、“(股票)暴跌”、“(计算机等)死机”等意思。名词释义是由动词释义转化而来。crash(v)出现于公元前14世纪晚期，词源义是“break in pieces”“打碎”“撞碎”。crash 词源解读 vi&vt(使)发出撞击声；(使)发出爆裂声：crash vThe plates crashed to the floor.She stormed out of the room and crashed the door shut b
24、ehind her.vi&vt(使飞机)坠毁；(使汽车等)猛撞：The news that the plane had crashed made us sad.He crashed his car into a wall.vi(公司等)倒闭；(股票)暴跌；(计算机等)死机；崩溃：The company crashed with debts of 2 million.The computers that we use at the moment are old and slow,and they often crash.crash n C 常用单数 哗啦声；撞击声；爆裂声：At that mom
25、ent,we hear a huge crash and then silence.碰撞 (事件)；(飞机)坠毁：All the passengers were killed in the plane crash.暴跌；(计算机等的)崩溃：tips for fixing computer system crashes 撞碎crash基本义“撞碎”物体，发出巨响“撞碎”飞机、汽车等“撞碎”公司、股票等(使)发出撞击声；(使)发出爆裂声(使飞机)坠毁；(使汽车等)猛撞 (公司等)倒闭；(股票)暴跌；(计算机等)崩溃哗啦声；撞击声；爆裂声暴跌；(计算机等的)崩溃ncrash语义网络图碰撞 (事件)；
26、(飞机)坠毁vsurvive我不是药神（英文译名Dying to survive）是由文牧野执导，宁浩、徐峥共同监制的剧情片。该片于2018年7月5日在中国上映。影片讲述了徐峥扮演的程勇从一个交不起房租的小商贩，一跃成为印度仿制药“格列宁”独家代理商的故事。电影展现了一群人为了生存下去而苦苦挣扎。影片有笑有泪，还有思考。在生活小细节的层层推进下，导演将小人物的日常平凡、卑微、无甚波澜的生活带到了更为深远的一步。survive vt 比活得长：She survived her husband by ten years.vi&vt 幸存 (于)：He survived the earthquake
27、.注：不能说He survived from/after/in the earthquake.vi&vt 挺过；熬过：How do you survive on such a low salary?vi 保存下来：Some old customs have survived into the present.survive v survive 语义网络语义网络图图在灾难中活得长(具体）寿命活得长（人）在困境中活得长（抽象）物品或者风俗活得长（具体）幸存（于）挺过；熬过保存；留存比某人活得长比活得长（基本义）survivor n C 幸存者 survival n U 幸存；继续生存：the su
28、rvival of the fittest C 幸存物；残存物：The ceremony is a survival from pre-Christian times.词汇拓展泰坦尼克号这部电影讲述了泰坦尼克号这艘豪华游轮在航行时由于撞上了冰山而沉没，男主杰克（Jack）为了救女主露丝（Rose）而冻死在冰冷的海水中的故事。在泰坦尼克号缓缓下沉时，杰克带着露丝跑到船尾，爬上栏杆坚持到泰坦尼克号沉没。最后杰克将露丝推上一块漂浮木板。露丝要比杰克活得长。Rose survived Jack.露丝在这次沉船事故中幸存下来。Rose survived the accident.杰克为了露丝能够存活下来
29、，不断地鼓励她，而自己却冻死在寒冷的海水里。多年后寻宝探险家布洛克从沉船上打捞起一个锈迹斑斑的保险柜。露丝在冰冷的海上挺了过来最终获救。Rose survived the frozen sea and was rescued in the end.他发现里面有一幅素描画留存至今。He found that a drawing had survived into the present.这幅素描由杰克为露丝所画。effect R3 n C&U 结果；效应；作用；影响：结果；效应；作用；影响：greenhouse effect It is uncertain what side effect th
30、e medicine will bring about.Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world.bring/put.into effect 实施；实行实施；实行in effect 在实施中；有效：在实施中；有效：Some laws from the eighteenth century are still in effect.实际上；事实上：实际上；事实上：“Have a nice day”is a wonderful phrase,remi
31、nding us,in effect,to enjoy the moment.词汇拓展词汇拓展 effective R3 adj 有效的有效的 反反 ineffective；生效的：；生效的：take effective measures/steps The more I understood fish,the more I became effective at finding and catching them.effectively adv 有效地有效地 effectiveness n U 有效性有效性take effect 生效生效(come into effect)；起作用：；起作用：These measures are just beginning to take effect.谢谢谢谢观观赏赏
