1、单单词词课课堂堂A word is a microcosm of human consciousness.Vygotsky教材版本：新外研教材版本：新外研册别单元：必修一册别单元：必修一 Unit 5(Using language Developing ideas)本单元词汇梳理本单元词汇梳理1.kill two birds with one stone：一石二鸟/一箭双雕/一举两得2.when the cats away(the mice will play)：猫儿不在，鼠儿成精。/山中无老虎，猴子称霸王。(在中世纪的欧洲，基督教徒曾认定猫是魔鬼附身的动物，数以万计的猫因此被处死。但这却导致
2、鼠害成灾，黑死病一波接一波的横扫欧洲大陆。这段惨痛的历史教训充分证明这个习语。)3.hold your horses：耐心点(古希腊时期人们都骑马，马是主要的交通工具，所以想要慢下来，就要先控制马的速度，也就是hold the horses。)4.rain cats and dogs：下倾盆大雨(现在人们普遍认为，这个习语的起源可能同17世纪英国使用的地下排水系统有关。当时人们使用的排水系统非常简陋，排水能力极其有限。暴雨过后，街道就会水流成河，污水中常常会飘浮着大量的死猫死狗。)5.authority：词源义：权威人士；词块：an authority on,in authority 6.so
3、urce：一词多义：基本义“源头”7.found：注意与find过去式的区别 近义词：establish,set up(found更强调注入资金)词族：found,founder,founding,foundation8.photographer：photograph+-er9.button：词块：press the button 名词动词化：button/unbutton your buttons10.recover：re-(back 回)+cover-(cup-抓住，得到)重新获得 熟词生义：找回；派生词 recovery 词块：recover from=make a recovery f
4、rom 11.shock：一词多义：基本义“冲击”；休克是音译 词块：in shock 派生词：shocked,shocking(分词形容词)12.element：精准的汉语释义：要素；词块：brave the elements13.variety：词族：vary,varied,various,variation,variety 词块：a(wide)variety of(=different kinds of)14.encounter：en-(in 进入)+contra(against 相对)进入相对状态的 面对面遭遇的 遭遇；偶然碰到 意为“偶然碰到”是正式用语，对应come across1
5、5.path：一词多义：基本义“小路”；隐喻：具体的“路”抽象的“途径”词块：the path to success(类似结构way to,key to,solution to)16.breathtaking：breath+taking 拓展：take(ones)breath away17.concentrate：con-(together 共同)+center(集中)+-ate 使聚集/使集中 词块：concentrate on 18.freeze：一词多义：基本义“(使)结冰”；熟词生义：停止不动 词块：be frozen to death 词族：freeze,freezing,froze
6、n,freezer19.stare：精准的汉语释义：注视 词块：stare at 20.image：隐喻：具体的“影像”抽象的“形象”21.reaction：react+-tion；react:re-+act 相反行动 反应 构词法：act react reaction 词块：reaction torecover重重难难点点词词精精讲讲一词多义一词多义英语释义英语释义authority一词多义一词多义source一词多义一词多义一词多义一词多义freezeelement一词多义一词多义concentrate一词多义一词多义shock一词多义一词多义stare辨析义辨析义authority词源解
7、读词源解读 在古欧洲，能解决争端的书或文章等都是有权威的，而能写出这些书籍和文章的人即作者也都是很有权威的人。在历史发展过程中，由“有权威的篇章”这一具体的概念衍生出抽象释义“权威；权力”等。authority的各层释义都与“权威”有关，故各释义衍生的基础即基本义为“权威”。authority语义网络图权威（基本义）权威人士；专家；泰斗权威；权力；当权有“权威”的人士许可；授权官方；当局有“权威”的力量得到“权威”的同意有“权威”的机构authority 句中学句中学1.He is an authority on vocabulary.2.Teenagers,when they grow up
8、,begin to question their parents authority and wisdom.3.Could I speak to someone in authority(=who has a position of power)here,please?4.No one may enter without my authority.5.We reported the train accident to the authorities.权威人士；专家；泰斗权威人士；专家；泰斗同义异构：同义异构：specialist权威；权力权威；权力许可；授权许可；授权权威；权力；当权权威；权力
9、；当权官方；当局（复数）官方；当局（复数）源头；发源地：Every tree has its roots and every river has its source.来源：The Sun is the major source of energy for our planet.Books were our main source of entertainment.2020 全国 根源；原因：Television sets,stereo systems,air conditioners and pets can all be sources of noise pollution.常用复数消息来
10、源；原始资料：List all your sources at the end of your essay.source n Csource语义网络图source源头(基本义)源头；发源地 来源河水等的“源头”根源；原因消息来源；原始资料能量等的“源头”问题等的“源头”消息等的“源头”recover v vt(意识、知觉等意识、知觉等)恢复恢复 to get back the use of your senses,control of your emotion,etc.：It took her a few minutes to recover consciousness.vi(从疾病或病态等中
11、从疾病或病态等中)恢复过来恢复过来 to get well again after being ill,hurt,etc.;to return to a normal state：The economy is at last beginning to recover.How can Linda recover from her illness in this room when its so dirty and dusty?vt 重新获得重新获得 to find or get back sth that was lost or stolen：Police have recovered the
12、stolen car.We worked hard to recover the lost time.recover的词源义是“come back,return;regain health;get again”，它的基本义重新获得重新获得“get again(regain)”recover 语义网络语义网络图图“重新获得重新获得”意识意识 /能力等能力等“重新获得重新获得”健康健康 /状态状态“重新获得重新获得”物品物品(意识、知觉等意识、知觉等)恢复恢复 (从疾病或病态等中从疾病或病态等中)恢复过来恢复过来 重新获得重新获得 重新获得重新获得re-+cover 词汇词汇拓展拓展 recove
13、ry n C&U 痊愈；重获；复苏痊愈；重获；复苏:He has made a full recovery from his operation.an economic recovery下面这些音译词你都知道吗？guitar 吉他 Cola 可乐 chocolate 巧克力party 派对 salad 沙拉 shark 鲨鱼 ballet 芭蕾舞 marathon 马拉松 cool 酷的 有些英语词汇，汉语中没有与之对应的词，翻译时会借用中文谐音来翻译，这一类词被称之为“音译词”。音译词的翻译不仅表意精确，同时也准确地还原了英文的发音。shock也被翻译成了“休克”。shockshock n
14、C&U(爆炸、地震等引起的)剧烈震动；冲击：the shock waveThe shock of the earthquake was felt miles away.C 电击；触电 (electric shock)：Dont touch that wire or youll get a shock.U&C 常用单数(精神上的)震惊；打击；令人震惊的事 a strong feeling of surprise：Mom hasnt gotten over the shock of Dads death.It came as a shock to hear that the factory wou
15、ld have to close.U 休克：She was taken to hospital suffering from shock.小贴士医学中，“休克”由英语“shockshock”音译而来，用以表示人体受伤后的一种危重状态。shock vt（名词动化）使震惊；使气愤 to make sb feel very surprised and upset:The news of the school shooting shocked the world.culture shock 文化冲击词汇拓展 shocked adj 震惊的；愤慨的 feeling very surprised and
16、upset：a shocked look/expression They were deeply shocked at/by her behaviour.shocking adj 令人震惊的；令人憎恶的 very surprising,upsetting,and difficult to believe：shocking news 小贴士：shocked和shocking是动词shock的分词形容词，表示感受，注意二者的区别。shock 语义网络物体对物体的冲击shockshock基本义物体间的冲击电流对人的冲击精神上的冲击(医学领域)机体受到有害因素的冲击(爆炸、地震等引起的)剧烈震动；冲击
17、电击；触电休克n 使 震 惊；使气愤(精神上的)震惊；打击；令人震惊的事velement R3 n C 要素；基本部分：Sugar is not an important element in bread,but flour is essential.Honesty is a vital element of her success.(化学)元素 复数与the连用恶劣天气：As a nature photographer,I have to brave the elements.外研新必修 5 喝过进口果汁的同学可以注意下商标，上面往往有“apple juice concentrate;gra
18、pe juice concentrate”等，那么大家知道concentrate在这里是什么意思吗？生活中的concentrateconcentrateconcentrate是由con-+center+-ate三部分构成，前缀con-的意思是together“共同；一起”，-ate是动词后缀。不难看出，concentrate的基本义是“(使)集中；(使)聚集于”。concentrate vt&vi(使)聚集于；(使)浓缩：Italian industry is concentrated mainly in the north.专心；集中 (注意力、思想等)：When we miss a nig
19、hts sleep,we find it hard the next day to concentrate and learn new information.concentrate(sth)on(doing)sth:We must concentrate our efforts on improving education.n C&U 浓缩物；浓缩液：orange juice concentrate同义异构：focus“集中”具体的人或物“集中集中”抽象的时间精力等抽象的时间精力等（使）聚集于（使）浓缩专心；集中(注意力、思想等)（使）集中concentrate 基本义concentrate
20、 语义网络图一物到另一物具体到抽象 词汇拓展 concentrated adj 浓缩的；聚集的；全神贯注的浓缩的；聚集的；全神贯注的be concentrated on(doing)sth concentration n C&U 集中；专心集中；专心：Concentration on your studies will result in good grades.Driving requires total concentration.freeze冰雪奇缘（Frozen）是2013年迪士尼出品的3D动画电影，于2013年11月27日在美国上映。该片改编自安徒生童话白雪皇后（The Snow Q
21、ueen），讲述小国阿伦黛尔因一个魔咒永远地被冰天雪地覆盖，为了寻回夏天，安娜公主和山民克里斯托夫以及他的驯鹿搭档组队出发，展开一段拯救王国的历险。影片中处 处 体 现“追 寻 自 我”“做 回 自己”“真情消融冻结的心”等元素，令观众心有触动。freeze 的词源义和基本义是“(使)结冰(turn to ice)”。freeze v vi&vt(使使)结冰：结冰：The lake was frozen over.Fresh water freezes at 0C.vi&vt(人人)冻僵；冻僵；(水管、机器等水管、机器等)冻住：冻住：Two men were frozen to death o
22、n the mountain.Our water pipes froze(up)last winter.freeze 词源解读词源解读(使使)人或物体人或物体“结冰结冰”(使使)液体液体“结冰结冰”vi(天气天气)冰冷：冰冷：It may freeze tonight,so bring those plants inside.vi&vt 冷冻；冷藏：冷冻；冷藏：Tomatoes dont freeze well.Ill buy extra meat and just freeze it.vi&vt 停住不动停住不动 to stop moving suddenly：Freeze,or Ill s
23、hoot!The smile froze on his face.2013 湖北(使使)空气空气“结冰结冰”(使使)食物食物“结冰结冰”(使使)身体、笑容等身体、笑容等“结冰结冰”(使使)结冰结冰(使使)结冰结冰（基本义）（基本义）freeze(使使)液体液体“结冰结冰”(人人)冻僵；冻僵；(水管、水管、机器等机器等)冻住冻住停住不动停住不动(使使)身体、笑容等身体、笑容等 “结冰结冰”(使使)人或物体人或物体“结冰结冰”freeze 语义网络图语义网络图(天气天气)冰冷冰冷(使使)空气空气“结冰结冰”冷冻；冷藏冷冻；冷藏(使使)食物食物“结冰结冰”词汇拓展词汇拓展frozen adj 结冰的
24、；冻僵的；冷冻的：结冰的；冻僵的；冷冻的：You must be frozen!Come and sit by the fire.Americans always drive to supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week.freezing adj 极冷的；冰冻的极冷的；冰冻的 extremely cold：freezing point n U 冰点：冰点：above/below freezingadv非正式用语极冷地：非正式用语极冷地：freezing coldstare vt&vi 盯；凝视盯；凝视 to look a
25、t sb/sth for a long time：stare sb up and down Its rude to stare.She stared at the painting,wondering where she had seen it.n C 盯；凝视：盯；凝视：give sb a rude stare stare&view¬ice 辨析辨析这三个词都与“看”有关，可以借助英语释义辨析。notice 指“to see or hear sb/sth”(察觉到/注意到)stare 指“to look at sb/sth for a long time”(盯/凝视)view 指“to look at sth carefully”(观看)
