1、词词课课堂堂版本：新外研版本：新外研 单元：必修二单元：必修二 Unit 6(Starting out Using language)本单元词汇梳理本单元词汇梳理1.shark：音译词“鲨鱼”2.scare：近义词：frighten；派生词：scary,scared(分词形容词)词块：scare away/off3.due to=because of4.dive：一词多义：基本义“向下冲”隐喻：具体的“跳水”抽象的“冲向；俯冲”词块：dive into,go diving；派生词：diver5.target：隐喻：具体的“靶子（目标）”抽象的“目标（靶子）”词块：set a target,ac
2、hieve/realise ones target,target audience 名词动词化：be targeted at6.fortunately：fortunate+-ly；同义词 luckily，句子副词 词族：fortune,fortunate,fortunately,unfortunate,unfortunately7.extinction：extinct(adj 灭绝的)+-tion 词块：be in danger of/be on the edge of extinction8.attitude：精准的汉语释义“态度”词块：a good/bad/positive/negativ
3、e attitude towards/to sth 9.devote：由de-(表示强调)+-vote(to vow 说、发愿)构成。词源义是“发下宏愿”，引申为“致力于”“献身于”。词块：devote oneself to,devote to10.ocean：英式英语用sea，美式英语用ocean11.highlight：high+light，原为绘画术语，即最明亮的部分，后引申为“做标记、强调”12.cruelty：cruel(adj 残忍的)+-y(名词后缀)13.hunting：hunt(v 打猎)+-ing；词块：go hunting 词族：hunt,hunter,hunting14
4、.presentation：present+-ation；词块：give a presentation 15.reserve：re-(back 回)+-servare (protect 保护)同根词：observe(必修一U3)词块：reserve the right to do sth,reserve a room,oil reserves,a wildlife reserve 派生词：reservation(make a reservation)16.staff：精准的汉语释义“全体职工”，作主语时谓语动词用复数17.establish：近义词：set up,open,found(foun
5、d更强调注入资金)词块：establish oneself as 派生词：established(an established company 老牌公司)18.damage：精准的汉语释义“损害；损坏”词块：cause/do damage to19.flood：隐喻：具体的“洪水”抽象的“大量/大批”名词动词化（基本义“像洪水一样涌入”）20.affect：基本义“影响”；熟词生义：使感动；使感染(疾病)21.supply：n 词块：school/medical supplies,supply and demand,the electricity supply；v 词块：supply sth
6、to sb/supply sb with sth 22.restore：re-(back 回)+store(储存)重新放回储存 恢复、修复23.adopt：ad(to 去)+opt(选择)选择然后采用 采纳 选择后领走 收养 同根词：option(必修一U3)；派生词：adopted24.sustainable：sustain(v 维持)+-able 可持续的 词块：sustainable development25.bulb：词块：a 60-watt bulb,energy-saving/energy-efficient bulbs26.renewable：re-+new+-able；词块：
7、renewable energy/resources27.carbon：词块：carbon dioxide(CO2),low-carbon lifestyle28.greenhouse：green+house；词块：greenhouse effect29.reusable：re+use+-able30.brochure：词源：来自于法语broch(缝合)+-ure(名词后缀)缝合在一起的物品 册子31.reduce：re-(back 向后)+-duc(bring,lead 带)带回 减少 词块：reduce from to,reduce by 32.solar：词块：solar energy/
8、power33.release：词源：re-+lease(loosen 松开)，词源义和基本义为“放开；松开”；词块：release a movie34.smog：拼缀法：smoke+fog，原用以指伦敦曾经被浓烟笼罩的情形35.fog：词块：heavy/thick fog；派生词：foggy36.severe：一词多义：基本义“严重的”(extremely bad or serious)37.infection：infect(v 传染)+-tion 38.lecture：词块：attend/go to a lecture,give/deliver a lecture on/about sth
9、 熟词生义：教训(give sb a lecture about sth=lecture sb about sth)39.permission：permit(v 允许)+-sion 词块：ask(for)permission,without permission,permission to do sth40.slide：一词多义：基本义“滑动”；名词“滑梯”熟词生义：幻灯片 reserve重重难难点点词词精精讲讲辨析义辨析义一词多义一词多义release establish一词多义一词多义affectdamage,destroy,ruin精准的汉语释义精准的汉语释义辨析义辨析义一词多义一词多义
10、辨析义辨析义精准的汉语释义精准的汉语释义搭配义搭配义attitudedevote搭配义搭配义supply搭配义搭配义辨析义辨析义flood一词多义一词多义名词动词化名词动词化reduce搭配义搭配义severe一词多义一词多义attitude Attitude is everything.态度决定一切。态度决定一切。韦恩戴尔（Wayne W.Dyer），1940年5月10日出生于美国密歇根底特律，美国深受欢迎的自助导师，畅销书作家与演讲大师、世界级心理学大师、全球激励与成长之父，是自我实现领域的国际知名作家和演讲家。他出版过37本畅销书，制作了许多广播节目和电视录像，而且在数千个电视和广播节目
11、中做过嘉宾访谈。韦恩的影响力在美国乃至世界上都是不容忽视的，被无数喜欢他著作的读者尊称为“精神之父”。attitude to/toward(s):We should develop a good attitude to life.2008 辽宁书面表达 姿势：姿势：He knelt in an attitude of prayer.attitude n C&U 态度；看法：have/take/adopt a positive attitude Everything depends on peoples attitude./Attitude is everything.2014 江西书面表达改d
12、evote华特 迪士尼（Walt Disney，1901年12月5日1966年12月15日），出生于美国伊利诺伊州芝加哥，美国著名的动画大师、企业家、导演、制片人、编剧、配音演员、卡通设计者、举世闻名的迪士尼公司创始人。华特 迪士尼获得了56个奥斯卡奖提名和7个艾美奖，是世界上获得奥斯卡奖最多的人。一个人应该尽可能早地设定自己的一个人应该尽可能早地设定自己的目标，并且倾其精力和才能实现它。目标，并且倾其精力和才能实现它。devote vt 把把用于；致力于；献身于：用于；致力于；献身于：Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others r
13、ebuild homes.2016 北京改She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children.devote oneself to 献身于；致力于；专心于：献身于；致力于；专心于：If you have a job,do devote yourself to it and finally youll succeed.2010 四川devote词源解读词源解读devote由de-（表示强调）+-vote（to vow，说、发愿）构成。词源义是“发下宏愿”，基本义是“把把用于用于”。【词汇拓展】【词汇拓展】d
14、evoted adj 挚爱的；全心全意的；忠诚的：挚爱的；全心全意的；忠诚的：Her son,to whom she was so devoted,went abroad ten years ago.devotion n U 献身；忠诚；热爱；专心：献身；忠诚；热爱；专心：devotion to dutyI respected his devotion to teaching.be lost in focus on be absorbed inbe involved in be engaged in写作同义异构：写作同义异构：除了devote oneself to你还能想到哪些表示“专注于专注
15、于/致力于做某事致力于做某事”的表达？concentrate on I have _（订购）a new computer on the Net.Id like to _（预订）a table for three for eight oclock.bookorderedreserve reservereserve词源解读reserve由re-“回（back）”和词根-servare“保护（protect）”构成。词源义和基本义是“保留（to set aside,withhold）”。同根词：observe(必修一 Unit 3)reserve vt 保留；保存；储备：These seats ar
16、e reserved for special guests.If you order after that,we reserve the right to eitheraccept or reject order requests.Ill reserve my judgment until I find all the evidence.预订(book)：reserve a room/ticket reserve n C 常用复数 储备：oil/gold reserves C(野生动植物的)保护区：This coastal area was named a national wildlife
17、reserve last year.【词汇拓展】C&U 保留；异议：I accept your statement without reservation(=completely).C(旅馆房间、剧院座位等的)预订：Ill call the restaurant to make a reservation.reservation n“保留”事物“保留”位置保留；保存；储备预订reserve语义网络图reserve保留基本义储备(野生动植物的)保护区nv创业创业start/set up a businessestablish a businessestablish vt 建立；创立；设立建立；创
18、立；设立 (set up)：establish contact/a relationship withThe company was established in 1980.【辨析辨析】establish 公司、机构等（正式用语）（正式用语）set up 公司、机构等（日常用语）（日常用语）found 公司、机构等（强调提供资金）（强调提供资金）open 商店、餐馆、旅馆等（服务性质）（服务性质）确立；立足；得到认可：确立；立足；得到认可：By 1909,Picasso had established himself as a painter of great talent in Paris.
19、By the 1920s the film industry was well established in Hollywood,California.This novel established the reputation he still enjoys today as one of Americas greatest writers.established adj 已确立的；确定的：已确立的；确定的：an established factan established company分词形容词（表示动作已完成），分词形容词（表示动作已完成），如如advanced,developed,le
20、arned等等巴勃罗毕加索（Pablo Picasso，1881-1973），西班牙画家、雕塑家。是现代艺术的创始人，西方现代派绘画的主要代表，是当代西方最有创造性和影响最深远的艺术家之一。其代表作有梦(Portrait of D.M)，和平鸽(Dove of Peace)，亚威农少女(Avignon girl)等。文化拓展文化拓展文化拓展文化拓展Hollywood 在第一次世界大战之前以及之后的一段时间内，格里菲斯和卓别林等一些电影大师们为美国电影赢得了世界名誉，华尔街的大财团插手电影业。好莱坞电影城由此迅速形成并兴起，电影产业恰恰适应了美国在这一时期的经济飞速发展的需要，电影也进一步纳入经
21、济机制，成为谋取利润的一部分，资本的雄厚，影片产量的增多，保证了美国电影市场在世界上的倾销。洛杉矶郊外的小村庄最终成为一个庞大的电影城，好莱坞也在无形中成为美国电影的代名词。好莱坞（Hollywood）位于美国西海岸加利福尼亚州（State of California）洛杉矶郊外，是一个依山傍水，景色宜人的地方。最早是由摄影师寻找外景地时发现的，大约在20世纪初，这里便吸引了许多拍摄者，而后是一些为了逃避专利公司控制的小公司和独立制片商们纷纷涌来，逐渐形成了一个电影中心。辨析辨析damage,destroy,ruindamage和destroy可谓是形影不离的好朋友，想表达“遭到破坏”到底用哪
22、个词才对呢？我们先来看一篇学生习作。U 损害；损坏；损失 harm or injury causedwhen sth is broken or spoiled：He was hit by a car and suffered serious brain damage.do/cause damage toThe problem is clear:man has done great damage to his home over the years.2008 全国 C 复数 损害赔偿金：He was ordered to pay damages of$30,000.damage n 损害；损坏：
23、(名词动化）Dont damage your health for a good figure.侧重“损”，可修复damage vt 毁坏；摧毁；毁掉 to damage sth so badly that it can no longer be used or no longer exists：The building was completely destroyed by fire.【温故温故】消灭；杀死：The dog attacked a child and had to be destroyed.侧重“毁”，无法修复destroy=de-(down)+struere(build)破坏
24、一栋建筑的结构意味着毁掉这栋建筑destroy vt(必修一必修一 Unit 6)“被雨水毁了的头发被雨水毁了的头发”，用哪个词呢？，用哪个词呢？The rain ruined my hair.头发还在，只是“美好的发型”被毁了。在这里，理解英语释义理解英语释义也很重要。destroy:to damage sth so badly that it can no longer be used or no longer exists ruin:to damage sth so badly that it loses all its value,pleasure,etc.糟蹋；糟蹋；(完全地完全地)
25、毁坏毁坏 to damage sth so badly that it loses all its value,pleasure,etc.：Dont let a small disagreement ruin your friendship.使破产使破产 to make sb lose all his/her money：If she loses the court case it will ruin her.n U 毁灭；破产：毁灭；破产：the ruin of civilization financial ruin C 常用复数常用复数 废墟；遗迹；残余：废墟；遗迹；残余：the ruin
26、s of Rome ruin vtin ruins 成废墟；严重受损：成废墟；严重受损：In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.文化拓展意大利的古罗马废墟(the ruins of Rome)，位于斗兽场之旁，是昔日古罗马帝国的中心，是现存世界最大面积的古罗马废墟。这座于公元72年由4万名战俘用8年时间建起来的巨大建筑，虽然毁坏严重，残破不堪，却是人类建筑史上的杰作。它的形状很像今天的体育场，近50米高的外围墙是用砖石砌成的三层石柱拱廊，周围有80个出入口，里面的阶梯式座位能同时容纳5.5万名观众。小结运用运用精准的汉语释义精
27、准的汉语释义和和英语释义英语释义区分区分damage,destroy和和ruin。damage 的名词和动词都侧重“损损”，表示可修复，常和badly、seriously等副词搭配；destroy 侧重“毁毁”，表示不可修复，不复存在，常和completely、entirely等副词搭配；ruin 侧重“毁坏毁坏”，使美好的事物失去用途或优良特性，尽管此物仍然存在。头发经常烫、染，容易损伤（damage）头发，需要做护理修复。烫坏、烫焦，头发就毁（destroy）了，只能剪掉。做个美美的发型出门，遇到大雨，头发还在，但发型被毁（ruin）了。flood n C&U 洪水；水灾：The rive
28、r was in flood.Police have issued flood warnings.C 大批；大量：floods of rain A simple click can bring us a flood of music,movies and PC games.2009 江苏 v vi&vt(被)淹没；(使)泛滥：Heavy rainfalls flooded the village.vi(洪水般地)涌进：Individual e-mail boxes are sometimes flooded with spam e-mails.2010 陕西改When we visited m
29、y old family home,memory came flooding back.2009 辽宁 flooded adj 洪水泛滥的 flooding n U 水灾；洪水泛滥同义异构：同义异构：pouraffect 影响影响 to influence sb/sth：(基本义）基本义）With the governments aid,those(who were)affected by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.2009 上海改affect vt 常用于被动语态常用于被动语态 使感动；打动：使感动；打动：She was
30、 deeply affected by the story.=be moved 使感染使感染(疾病疾病)to attack sb or a part of the body;to make sb become ill/sick：Diseases affect almost everyone at some time during their lives.affect 语义网络图语义网络图影响影响affect基本义基本义对精神的对精神的“影响影响”对身体的对身体的“影响影响”使感动；打动使感动；打动 使感染使感染 (疾病疾病)影响影响对人或物的对人或物的“影响影响”词语辨析词语辨析affect/
31、effect affect（动词）=to have an influence on sb/sth；影响某人影响某人/某事某事：Does television affect childrens behaviour?effect（名词）=result,influence；作用；影响作用；影响：Does television have an effect on childrens behaviour?supply water supply gas supply electricity supply supply n C 供应量；补给量：There was a plentiful supply of
32、cheap labour.Water is in short supply.复数生活必需品；补给品：school/medical/relief supplies U 供应；供给：supply and demand cut off the electricity supply vt 供给；供应；提供：supply sth to sb/supply sb with sth:The media supplies lots of information to us every day.辨析provide,offer,supply三者都有“供给、提供”的意思，但用法不同。provide 指有远见，为应付
33、意外、紧急情况等作好充分准备而“供给、提供”，常用provide sth for sb或provide sb with sth结构。The Red Cross provides food and shelter for disaster victims.The project is designed to provide young people with work.offer 侧重表示“愿意给予”，常用offer sb sth或offer to do sth结构。She offered me a reward for the return of her lost mobile phone.H
34、e offered to go instead of me.supply 通常指定期“供应”，强调替代或补充所需物品，常用supply sb with sth或supply sth to sb结构。The butcher supplies us with meat.零浪费 5R 原则拒绝(refuse)你不需要的东西减少(reduce)需要的物品重复使用(reuse)现有的物品回收利用(recycle)无法使用的物品分解(rot)不可回收物品reducereducevt&vi 缩减；减少：缩减；减少：The price has been reduced from$10 to$8.Eating
35、just one carrot a day can reduce the possibility of getting this disease by 40%.2009 陕西reduce to常用于被动语态使陷入（更坏的）境地；使沦落：常用于被动语态使陷入（更坏的）境地；使沦落：She was reduced to tears by their cruel words.There lay my house,reduced to ruins,smelly and dirty.【词汇拓展词汇拓展】reduction n C&U 缩减；减少：缩减；减少：strategies for noise re
36、ductionre-(back 向后)+-duc(bring,lead 带)带回 减少 同义异构：同义异构：cutreleaseMy People My Homeland（我和我的家乡）was released on 1 October,2020.The movies ticket sales added up to 2 billion yuan on Saturday,just 10 days after its release.放开；松开放开；松开 to stop holding sth(let go)：Dont release the rope.释放；排放释放；排放 to let sb/
37、sth come out of a place where they have been kept or trapped：release a prisonerThe factory keeps releasing smoke,making the air dirty.release vtrelease由re-+lease(loosen 松开)构成，词源义及基本义为“放开；松开（let go）”。首映（电影）；发行（首映（电影）；发行（CD、书等）；发布（新闻等）、书等）；发布（新闻等）：release a movie/new version 发泄；宣泄发泄；宣泄：Physical exerci
38、se is a good way of releasing stress.解雇解雇 release n U可用单数放走；释放；排放；宣泄：可用单数放走；释放；排放；宣泄：a release from prisonthe release of homing pigeons U可用单数发行；发布：可用单数发行；发布：The software is planned for release in April.C 发行的影片等；发布的新闻等：发行的影片等；发布的新闻等：the latest release放开放开release（基本义）（基本义）release 语义网络语义网络图图放开放开某物的保密某物
39、的保密状态为公众所知状态为公众所知放开放开某物某物放开放开被困的人被困的人或物或物放开；松开放开；松开释放；排放释放；排放首映（电影）；首映（电影）；发行（发行（CD、书、书等）；发布（新等）；发布（新闻等）闻等）放开放开情感情感发泄；宣泄发泄；宣泄将某人从职务将某人从职务或责任中或责任中放开放开解雇解雇nv放走；释放；放走；释放；排放；宣泄排放；宣泄发行；发布发行；发布发行的影片等；发行的影片等；发布的新闻等发布的新闻等放开放开release（基本义）（基本义）severe severe weather恶劣天气severe winter寒冬severe pain剧痛severe adj 严重
40、的严重的 extremely bad or serious：severe damage/a severe drought 严厉的；苛刻的严厉的；苛刻的：be severe with oneself 严峻的；激烈的严峻的；激烈的：a severe winter severe competition词汇拓展词汇拓展 severely adv 严重地；严厉地严重地；严厉地：a severely polluted lakeAnyone breaking the law will be severely punished.问题、损害、疾病等问题、损害、疾病等“严重的严重的”人对待事情的态度人对待事情的态
41、度“严重的严重的”环境或形势等环境或形势等“严重的严重的”严重的严重的严厉的；苛刻的严厉的；苛刻的严峻的；激烈的严峻的；激烈的severe语义网络图语义网络图严重的严重的severe基本义基本义本单元金句汇总本单元金句汇总1.Everything depends on peoples attitude./Attitude is everything.2.We should develop a good attitude to life.3.She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children.4.If y
42、ou have a job,do devote yourself to it and finally youll succeed.5.The problem is clear:man has done great damage to his home over the years.6.When we visited my old family home,memory came flooding back.随堂检测随堂检测一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.I had to change my attitude about their ability
43、and potential.(2018 天津)_2.Happiness doesnt depend on any external conditions.It is governed by our mental attitude._3.Her hands were folded in an attitude of prayer._二、将下列句子译成英语。二、将下列句子译成英语。1.态度决定一切。_2.你应该以积极的态度面对生活。(2009 江西改)_attitudeEverything depends on peoples attitude./Attitude is everything.Yo
44、u should have/take/hold a positive attitude towards/to life.看法看法心态心态姿势姿势devote一、在空白处填入一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.She devoted herself her career.2.In real life the star of the film is a (devote)husband and father.3.Her (devote)to the job left her with very little free time.二、二、根据所
45、给汉语，完成句子。根据所给汉语，完成句子。1.If I become a teacher,I will (全身心地投入)giving them a better education.2.He has (将一生奉献给)world peace.(2011 陕西)3.The meeting will (用于)health and safety issues.4.He (深爱着)his family.devote myself to be devoted to was devoted todevoted his whole life totodevoteddevotionreserve写出下列句子中画
46、线部分的汉语释义。1.I reserved a room in the name of Jones._2.The management reserve the right to refuse admission._3.This area was once a wildlife reserve last year._4.We still have food reserves in case of emergency._保护区保留权利预订粮食储备一、一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Our goal is to establish a new resear
47、ch centre in the north._2.Hed already begun to establish a reputation as a journalist._3.He has just set up his own business,but it will take him a while to get established._二、根据汉语提示，完成下列句子。二、根据汉语提示，完成下列句子。1.The purchase price could also be a signal that an _(老牌公司)is buying a new-born threat(威胁).(20
48、17 江苏)2.A dogs eating habit requires regular training before _(正确建立).(2019 天津)(it is)properly establishedestablished companyestablish建立建立确立声誉确立声誉站稳脚跟站稳脚跟1.The bus was badly _ when it hit the wall.2.The building was completely _ by fire.3.It poured with rain and my dress got _.4.This illness has _ my
49、 life.5.Ninety percent of their island was _ and they had nothing.(2012 山东)6.The homeless shelter was entirely _ in the huge earthquake.一、从方框中选择合适的单词填空。一、从方框中选择合适的单词填空。ruin damage destroydamageddestroyedruinedruineddestroyeddestroyeddamage,destroy,ruin写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Every year a flood of farmers
50、 arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs.(2010 福建)_2.Food supplies in the flood-stricken area are running out.We must act immediately before theres none left.(2012 重庆)_3.The rain caused the streets to flood and the subway system almost came to a stop.(2008 山东)_4.Donations began flooding in from
