1、专题八动词第一节动词的分类及辨析河北五年中考命题规律及趋势考查点年份题号考查角度选项设置分值动词词义辨析201940实义动词辨析mistook/refused/chose/encouraged1分43实义动词辨析work/fail/come/end1分201840实义动词辨析protect/provide/produce/prepare1分43实义动词辨析saved/dreamed/invited/described1分44实义动词辨析sell/get/take/keep1分201736实义动词辨析run/cry/plan/call1分37实义动词辨析save/hide/have/lose1分
2、45实义动词辨析accept/refuse/forget/remember1分201634感官动词辨析feels/tastes/smells/sounds1分44实义动词辨析save/waste/create/lose1分201542实义动词辨析read/watch/guess/listen1分46实义动词辨析rest/shake/look/work1分50实义动词辨析save/help/care/relax1分河北中考单项选择对动词的考查主要涉及动词(包括实义动词和感官动词)词义辨析。完形填空中也涉及实义动词词义辨析，一般要结合语境判断。预测2020年中考单项选择和完形填空仍会从动词词义辨析
3、方面考查。河北中考重难点突破单项选择。( A)1.(2019贺州中考)The fruit salad _ delicious.Id like to have more.Atastes Btouches Csounds Dfeels( B)2.(2019大庆中考)How long will it _ you to fly to Beijing from your hometown?Aspend Btake Cpay Duse( B)3.(2019新疆中考)Mum likes _ soap operas. Lets buy a TV for her.Abecoming Bwatching Cloo
4、king Dsmelling( B)4.(2019南通中考)Excuse me，can you teach me how to _ this new word?No problem.Look at my mouth and listen carefully.Aprove Bpronounce Cprepare Dproduce( D)5.Oh，dear! I cant find my key to the office.Dont worry.I think you might_ it in your car.Aoffer Bforget Cborrow Dleave【满分点拨】一、动词的分类动
5、词是表示动作或状态的词。动词分为四类：实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。1实义动词的用法(及物动词与不及物动词)实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其是否跟宾语分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.)；按是否具有延续性分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。(1)及物动词及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思表达完整，如reach，ask，give，love，need等。具体用法为：动词宾语。如：He reached Canada yesterday.他昨天到达了加拿大。动词宾语宾语补足语。如：They asked me to go fishing with them.他们叫我一起去钓鱼。I s
6、aw the children play in the park yesterday.昨天我看见孩子们在公园里玩。注意：带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的常考动词有：make，let，have，see，watch，notice，hear等。动词间接宾语直接宾语。如：My father gave me a bike on my twelfth birthday.在我12岁生日时我爸爸送给了我一辆自行车。注意：带双宾语的常考动词有：give，bring，buy，get，leave，lend，make，offer，pass，teach，tell等。(2)不及物动词不及物动词本身意义完整，无需接宾语
7、，构成“主语谓语”的句型，如swim，come，go，run，travel等；如后面接宾语，必须与介词连用。如：Lucy is swimming.露西正在游泳。I am waiting for you at the school gate.我正在校门口等你。有些动词既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。如：We study English.我们学习英语。(及物动词)We study hard.我们学习努力。(不及物动词)The little girl is singing an English song.这个小女孩正在唱一首英语歌曲。(及物动词)The little girl sings well
8、.这个小女孩唱歌很好。(不及物动词)2系动词的用法(共考查7次)系动词本身没有词义，不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。(1)常考系动词的分类类别功能例词表示状态表示主语所处的状态am，is，are，was，were表示持续表示主语继续或保持某种身份和状态keep，remain，stay，stand，lie表示感官表示人体感官的系动词look，feel，smell，taste，sound表示状态变化表示主语从一种状态变换到另一种状态become，get，go，grow，turn(2)常见用法的注意事项一般情况下，系动词没有被动语态形式。表示状态的系动词一般
9、不用于进行时(feel除外)；变化系动词表示“渐渐”，可用于进行时。如：Its getting warmer and warmer.天气渐渐变得暖和。3助动词的用法(共考查5次)助动词本身没有意义或意义不完全，不能单独用作谓语。助动词在句中与实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语，以表示时态、语态、人称和数。此外，还可以用来构成否定、疑问或强调的句型。具体用法见下表：分类作用beam/is/are现在分词现在进行时was/were现在分词过去进行时be过去分词被动语态do形式有do，does，did，用于构成疑问句和否定句，或用在动词前加强语气havehave/has过去分词现在完成时had过去分词过去
10、完成时havebeen现在分词现在完成进行时will/shallwill/shall动词原形一般将来时would/should动词原形过去将来时注意：will，would，shall，should除了表示单纯的将来时间以外，更多的是用作情态动词。4情态动词的用法(具体用法和习题详见“专题九情态动词”)二、动词的辨析分析河北近10年中考试题不难看出，动词辨析是河北中考的一个必考点。主要涉及实义动词辨析、感官动词辨析等。这种题目多在单选和完形中出现。下面就涉及的主要两种情况作简要说明。命题点1实义动词辨析(必考，单选、完形)实义动词辨析可以是词义相对的一组词(2017、45；2014、49)，也可
11、以是词义完全不同的一组词。通常以后者情况居多。解答此类题，学生需要在平时积累并掌握高频动词的含义和用法。以下为常考的词义相对类动词：forget忘记remember记住(2017、45)accept接受refuse拒绝(2017、45)save节约waste浪费(2016、44)bring带来take带走(2014、49)buy买sell卖(2014、49)win赢fail输(2012、48)like喜欢hate讨厌(2011、47)begin/start开始end结束borrow借入lend借出find找到lose丢失命题点2感官动词辨析(2016/2014/2011考)感官动词辨析是河北近
12、10年中考的高频考点(2016、34；2014、35；2011、37)。解答此类题，学生需要准确理解语境，并牢记感官动词feel(感觉，摸起来)，smell(闻起来)，sound(听起来)，taste(尝起来)，look(看起来)的含义和用法。动词语法失分点规避点拨与针对练失分点1确定空格处填动词，但不知用哪种形式例题：用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。1He often _(get) up at six.2We _(go) to Shanghai for vacation last year.3He _(leave) his schoolbag at school，so he went back
13、 to get it.【点拨】1.考查人称与谓语动词的对应关系。由关键词often可知，此句用一般现在时，主语He是第三人称单数，谓语动词也应用单数，故此处应填gets。2.last year是一般过去时的显著时间标志，go应变为过去式，注意其为不规则变化，此处应填went。3.句中没有明显的时间标志词，但是后半句的时态可以提示前半句与后半句的关系，根据句意可知，他回去取书包，是因为把书包落在学校了。前后句表因果关系。后半句用的是一般过去时，故前半句也应用一般过去时。此处填left。由以上例题可知，空格处一般考查动词的三单形式和动词的过去式(规则变化和不规则变化)。学生须针对性进行复习。【对应
14、练习】用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。1Tony often _speaks_(speak) English with his friends after school.2Nobody _likes_(like) him because he often tells lies.3My mother stayed at home and _cleaned_(clean) the house.4Jack _began_(begin) to study English when he was only three.5Some students were _talking_(talk) when the
15、 teacher came in.失分点2确定动词变名词，但不知如何变化例题：用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。1Linda wants to be an excellent _(sing)2A wise man often makes a wise _(choose)3The teachers _(die) made us very sad.【点拨】分析这三个句子的结构可知，空格处都应填动词的名词形式。1.sing的对应职业名词是singer，表示“歌手”。2.句意为：智者通常会作出明智的选择。choose的名词形式是choice，表示“选择”。 3.句意为：这名老师的死亡使我们很悲伤。die的
16、名词形式是death，表示“死亡”， 注意这类动词转名词的特殊变化。【对应练习】用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。1Liu Xiang is a famous _runner_(run)2We need eleven _players_(play) for our soccer team.3Lets take _action_(act) to stop people from cutting down trees.4Thank you for giving me so much _advice_(advise)5Every year many _visitors_(visit) come to H
17、angzhou for a visit.河北中考考点精练单项选择。( C)1.(2019安徽中考)Hello，Beijing Hotel.Can I help you?Yes，Id like to _ a single room for two nights. Aenter Bmove Cbook Dprovide( C)2.(2019福建中考改编)I have trouble _ English，Mr.Lee.Why not go to the English Corner and try to talk with others?Areading Bwriting Cspeaking Dsa
18、ying ( A)3.(2019海南中考改编)Would you please _ your email address？I missed it just now.No problem.Its Arepeat Breview Crecord Dreceive( D)4.(2019武汉中考)Have you _ chemistry for the coming exam?Yes.Im quite ready for it.Arepeated Bcopied Cmarked Dreviewed( A)5.(2019滨州中考)Tom，_ the umbrella with you.Look at t
19、he dark sky.Its going to rain.Thank you，dad.Atake Bwear Cuse Dmake( D)6.(2019本溪中考)Frank is an honest boy and he never tells a lie.We all _ him.Amiss Bmind Cdoubt Dtrust( C)7.(2019日照中考)Are you feeling any better now?No.I have taken some medicine，but it just doesnt _.Ause Bcare Chelp Dfit( C)8.(2019达州
20、中考改编)Can I _ Robinson Crusoe，Mrs.Zhao?Sure.Its very interesting，but you can only _ it for two weeks.Aborrow；lend Blend；borrowCborrow；keep Dlend；keep( D)9.(2019石家庄教学质量检测)Tim _ stronger after running for a month.Astayed Bkept Cremained Dbecame ( B)10.(2019石家庄裕华区摸底考试改编)The movie is so interesting that
21、I dont _ watching it again tomorrow.Aenjoy Bmind Ckeep Dfinish( B)11.(2019唐山路北区三模)The beach party tonight _ the end of our summer vacation.Tomorrow we are all going back home and getting ready for school.Achanges Bmarks Cpasses Dsaves第二节动词短语河北五年中考命题规律及趋势考查点年份题号考查角度选项设置分值动词短语201931动词短语辨析pick up/put_o
22、n/take off/throw away1分44look短语辨析looking at/looking_for/looking after/looking through1分201832for和up短语辨析ask for/look for/pick_up/put up1分201729look短语辨析look at/look for/look_after/look like1分41for 短语辨析waited for/asked_for/cared for/thanked for1分201639out短语辨析find_out/look out/hand out/take out1分42动词短语辨
23、析look for/get_away_from/wait for/walk away from1分201535for短语辨析look for/pay_for/ask for/wait for1分48动词短语辨析give up/put_down/pick up/think about1分河北中考单项选择与完形填空对动词短语的考查形式主要集中在三个方面：同一动词不同介词/副词；不同动词同一介词/副词；不同动词不同介词/副词，设题形式为简单句。预测2020年河北中考的单项选择和完形填空会考查动词短语辨析。河北中考重难点突破单项选择。( B)1.(2019铜仁中考)Do you know anythi
24、ng about C919?Of course.Its a kind of plane which _ China.Ais made of Bis made inCis made from Dis made up of( A)2.(2019乐山中考改编)Its already 7：50.If you want to get to the meeting on time，you must _，Jack.I see.Ill walk quickly.Ahurry up Bring upCstay up Dput up( C)3.(2019铁岭中考)My cousin volunteers in t
25、he Childrens Home.His job is to _ food and clothes.Aset out Bwork outChand out Dfind out( A)4.(2019岳阳中考改编)The volunteers _ the sick kids in the hospital on weekends.Alook after Blook forClook through Dlook up( B)5.(2019 唐山路南区一模)Alices room is tidy，isnt it?Yes.She always _ her toys after playing with
26、 them.Alooks for Bputs awayCsweeps away Dpays for【满分点拨】动词短语在意义上相当于一个实义动词。动词短语辨析是近年来各省市中考常考点，同一个动词与不同介词或副词的搭配、不同动词与同一个介词或副词的搭配会产生不同意义的动词短语。动词短语的词义辨析试题旨在通过题干或微型语境，考查学生对上下文的理解，动词短语的不同搭配识别、记忆，动词短语词义的辨析及恰当运用动词短语的能力。分析河北近五年中考试题可以看出，单项选择和完形填空对动词短语的考查主要集中在以下三个命题点：命题点1同一动词型(2019/2017/2015/2014/2011/2010考)(1)
27、look短语(2019、44；2017、29)look at看look for寻找look out当心 look around环顾四周look through浏览 look forward to期待look up to钦佩；仰慕 look over仔细检查look after照顾 look like 看起来像look up查阅(字典)；抬头看(2)get 短语(2014、36)get off下车 get up起床get to到达 get in进入；到达；收获get away逃离 get back回来get over克服 get lost迷路 get on/along with与相处get re
28、ady for为做好准备(3)put短语(2015、48)put away 把收好put on穿上；上演；增加(体重)put off推迟 put out熄灭put down写下；放下 put up搭建；张贴；举起(4)take 短语(2011、35)take off起飞；脱掉 take after长得像take up占据；从事 take in吸收；吸入take place发生 take out of取出take care of照顾 take part in参加take away from从拿走(5)turn 短语(2010、35)turn on打开 turn off关掉turn up调高(音量
29、) turn around转身turn down调低(音量)；拒绝命题点2同一介词/副词型(2017/2016/2015/2012考)(1)for短语(2017、41；2015、35)wait for等待 ask for请求care for照顾；喜欢 look for寻找pay for支付 prepare for为做准备thanks for感谢 leave for动身到stand for代表(2)out短语(2016、39)look out小心 come out出来；出版set out出发；开始 cut out 剪下；删去go out 出去 hand out 发放；分发leave out忽略；
30、轻视 run out用完；用尽find out 查明；弄清 point out 指出sell out 卖完；售完 hang out 闲逛bring out 使显现 take out拿出；取出work out 成功地发展；解决(3)up短语add up 加起来 call up打电话cheer up使振奋 bring up养育clean up打扫 clear up 整理；转晴dress up打扮 get up起床cut up切碎 eat up吃光end up结束；告终 fix up安装；修理give up放弃 grow up成长hang up挂起来 look up查阅；查找make up组成；编造
31、 mix up混合pick up拾起；接(某人) put up张贴；搭建set up创建；创办 show up出现；露面stand up 起立 stay up熬夜turn up偶然出现；调高(音量)take up 占据；从事(4)down短语(2012、39)cut down砍倒；削减 knock down撞倒let down使失望 turn down 拒绝；调小write down写下 lie down 躺下put down放下；写下take down拆除；记下(5)about短语care about关心；在乎hear about听说know about 了解 think about 考虑w
32、orry about 担心 talk about 谈论(6)away短语take away带走 get away逃离die away 逐渐消失 give away赠送throw away扔掉 wash away冲走put away把收好 run away逃跑(7)off短语break off 中断 cut off切掉；割掉fall off从跌下 get off离开；下(车、马等)keep off不接近 pay off还清(债务)put off推迟 see off送行show off 炫耀 shut off 关掉turn off 关掉 go off(闹钟)发出响声命题点3混合型(2019、31；
33、2018、32；2016、42；2015、48；2014、52；2013、41/53；2010、53)更多动词短语详见分类速记手册P4650内容！河北中考考点精练单项选择。( C)1.(2019抚顺中考)Success _ hardworking people in the end.Aagrees to Btalks toCbelongs to Dshouts to ( A)2.(2019新疆中考)Im afraid his radio is too noisy.Will you please _ him to _ a little?Sure. Aask；turn it down Ballow
34、；turn it onCtell；turn it up Dadvise；turn it off( D)3.(2019德阳中考)The concert is so wonderful that all the tickets are _ within two hours.Acut out Bput outCtaken out Dsold out( B)4.(2019东营中考)Im going to learn some basic life skills，like cooking，washing clothes and tidying the rooms.So am IWe shouldnt a
35、lways _ our parents.Alook after Bdepend on Ctake pride in Dget on with( C)5.(2019抚顺中考)Will Bob help me look after my pet dog when Im away?Of course.He wont _ your request.He loves animals a lot.Aput down Bwrite downCturn down Dtake down( A)6.(2019齐齐哈尔中考改编)Our school has _ a sign at the gate，saying “
36、Greet your child with a smile，not a mobile.”Aput up Bput offCput on Dput away( A)7.(2019天水中考改编)Dont _ todays work till tomorrow.Todays work must be done today.Aput off Bput outCput up Dput on( C)8.(2019贵港中考)I heard that Paul hurt himself badly in the earthquake.Yes.The doctor had to _ his right leg
37、to save him.Acut up Bcut outCcut off Dcut down( D)9.(2019葫芦岛中考)Every evening my father _ newspapers while my mother watches TV.Aputs up Blooks for Cgives away Dlooks through( A)10.(2019鄂州中考)Tom，what are you doing?Im _ drawing because I want to be a painter.Ataking up Bcleaning up Cputting up Dmaking
38、 up ( B)11.The government is trying to protect the environment now.Yes.It is reported that some factories will be _ soon.Aset up Bshut offCgiven up Dturned off( C)12.(2019唐山路南区二模)These new types of energy cost very little and will never _.Alook out Bcome out Crun out Dstay out( C)13.(2019秦皇岛海港区一模)Ma
39、nager，all the machines _ just now.What？Call the engineer at once.Aput down Bturned down Cbroke down Dcame down( D)14.(2019石家庄新华区毕业班质量检测)The math problem is so difficult that only a few students can _.Awork on it Bwork for it Cwork it up Dwork it out( D)15.(2019石家庄教学质量检测)Good manners can make people _ each other.Aget off Bget over Cget away Dget on well with11
