1、专题五介词和介词短语河北五年中考命题规律及趋势考查点年份题号考查角度选项设置分值介词辨析201928方式介词for/in/with/by1分41方式介词with/about/into/from1分2018,41,地点介词,in/outside/for/without,1分80,其他介词,for,1分2017,71,地点介词,at,1分2016,28,方式介词,at/into/on/with,1分固定搭配,2019,80,固定搭配,of,1分2017,27,固定搭配,on/in/at/by,1分介词是河北中考单项选择的必考点，主要考查介词辨析和介词的固定搭配。设题形式多为简单句，以两个分句居多，
2、词数为912个。完形填空中也会涉及介词或介词短语的辨析。此外，2017、2018、2019年词语运用题型中均设置了一道介词填空题。预测2020年河北中考单项选择对介词的考查以介词辨析为主。词语运用题型也会考查一道介词填空题。河北中考重难点突破介词(仅2015未考，单选、完形、词语运用)单项选择。( A)1.(2019武汉中考)He wrote his phone number_a piece of paper.Aon Bfor Cin Dfrom( A)2.(2019长沙中考改编)Yesterday our headmaster made a speech_environmental prot
3、ection, and we learned something about recycling of waste.Aon Bat Cto Din( D)3.(2019青岛中考)The highspeed train_Qingdao and Beijing travels faster now. The train ride takes only about three hours.Afrom Bamong Cin Dbetween( C)4.(2019哈尔滨中考改编)When will the movie The Lion King(狮子王)return to movie theatres
4、in America?_ July.AOn BAt CIn DTo( A)5.(2019呼和浩特中考)Ben was helping his mother when the rain began to beat heavily_the windows.Aagainst BacrossCabove Dbelow( C)6.The teacher is standing_his students to show his experiment.Abetween Bin Camong Dagainst【满分点拨】一、时间介词的辨析和用法(2013、28；2012、28)1in，on与at介词用法例词i
5、n较长的一段时间(如世纪、年代、月份等)in the 21st century在21世纪in July在七月泛指上下午、傍晚、白天等in the morning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上固定短语中in the end最后in class在课堂上 on用于具体某一天或某一天的上午、下午、晚上前，星期或节日前on Monday/weekdays在星期一/工作日on Saturday morning在周六早上on September 1st在九月一号on National Day在国庆节at用于具体时间点前或黎明、正午、黄昏、午夜前at one oclock在一点at n
6、oon在正午固定短语中at the age of在岁时at the end of在最后at first起初 2.in，after与before介词用法例句in“in时间段”表示“(将来)以后”They will finish the work in an hour.他们将在一个小时后完成工作。after与将来时连用表示“之后”，后接时间点Hell come back after two oclock.他两点后将会回来。与过去时连用表示“之后”，后接时间段He got back from the US after two weeks.两周后他从美国回来了。before表示“在之前”Wash ha
7、nds before dinner.饭前要洗手。二、地点、方位介词的辨析和用法(2018、41；2017、71；2010、27)1at，in与on介词用法示例at用于较小的场所前(如：建筑物，公共机关等)(2017、71)at home在家at the station在车站用于门牌号码前at 403 Center Street在中央大街403号in用于较大的地点前(如：国家、城市、乡镇、地域等)in the city在城市in Guilin在桂林in China在中国在周围的环境是立体的地方(即：)(2018、41)in a forest在森林里in the classroom在教室里用于某些
8、习语中in the sky在天空中in space在太空on与表面相接触(即：)(2010、27)on the floor在地板上on your face在你的脸上在任何广阔的面上on the farm/moon在农场/月球上2.over，under，above与below介词用法图示例句over“在正上方”，两者表面不接触We can build a bridge over the river.我们可以在河上建一座桥。under“在正下方”，两者表面不接触My cat is lying under the chair.我的猫正躺在椅子下面。above“在的上方”，两者表面不接触，不一定垂直T
9、he plane is flying above the clouds.飞机在云层上飞行。below“在的下方”，两者表面不接触，不一定垂直Please dont write below this line.请不要写到这条线下面。三、方式、手段或工具介词的辨析和用法(2019、28；2016、28；2014、28)介词用法例句with后跟具体的工具或身体部位的词，指“借助于；用”(2019、41；2016、28；2014、28)；后面跟人称代词时表示“和一起”，表示伴随状况，在句中作状语。此外，with还可以表示“带有；具有”I often do my homework with a pen.
10、我经常用钢笔写家庭作业。Elephants drink water with their trunks.大象用它们的鼻子喝水。in表示使用某种语言(2019、28)，用墨水、颜色、颜料等，名词前不加冠词Can you say it in English？你能用英语说它吗？Please write it in ink.请用墨水把它写下来。by表示某种方式或手段，名词前不加冠词This pair of shoes is made by hand.这双鞋是手工制作的。on后跟电子产品或通讯工具，表示“通过”，名词前一般加定冠词theI could do all my work on the comp
11、uter.我能在电脑上完成所有的工作。四、其他常见介词的用法1over “遍及；超过”，如：There are over two hundred people in the park.公园里有两百多人。Ive traveled over the whole country.我已经游遍了全国。2against “反对；对抗；紧靠”，如：We will play against them this afternoon.今天下午我们跟他们比赛。3into “在里”，如：Mr.White came into the classroom with a smile.怀特先生面带笑容走进了教室。4from
12、“从”，如：Were open from 8：00 am. to 7：00 pm. every day.我们每天从早上8点到晚上7点营业。5for “为，给；对来说(2018、80)”，如：Mother bought a pen for me.妈妈给我买了一支钢笔。It was really a good day for me.对我来说这真是美好的一天。6of “的”，如：a map of China一幅中国地图7about “关于(2010、48)；大约”，如：Its a book about animals.这是一本关于动物的书。Its about six now.现在大约六点钟。8wit
13、hout “没有”，如：He often goes to work without breakfast.他经常不吃早餐就去上班。9to “给；对；到；往”，如：go to school上学give the kite to me把风筝给我from here to the park从这里到公园介词短语(2019/2017/2011考，单选、完形)一、单项选择。( A)1.(2019山西中考改编)Change the information you read into a mind map._，you can remember it well and think of it later easily
14、.AIn this way BAt the same timeCOn the other hand DIn a word( B)2.(2019扬州中考)Facial recognition(人脸识别)technology is widely used for payment._，we neednt enter the passwords any more.AFor example BAs a resultCWhats worse DWhats more( D)3.(2019淮安中考)_the help of modern technology, scientists got a photo o
15、f a black hole.AAt BIn COn DWith( B)4.What do you like to do in your spare time?I like collecting train tickets，and I have a collection of 100 _now. Ain common Bin total Cin danger Din silence ( C)5.In China，we are using the FAST to find stars _.Now more and more people want to know about the larges
16、t radio telescope(望远镜) in the world.Ain person Bin publicCin space Din silence ( B)6.Except for working hard，we should give more attention to proper exercise and enough sleep._，health always comes first.AFor example BAfter allCSo far DIn the end 二、用适当的介词填空。1As middle school students，we must go to sc
17、hool_on_time.2Riding bikes is good_for_ both our health and the environment.3Miss Chen is strict_with_ us，but we get along well with each other.4Frank is an independent boy，so his parents are proud of him.5Sally is my best friend.She is always there whenever Im in trouble.6He borrowed some money fro
18、m me and gave it to the poor man.【满分点拨】介词名词at home在家里；at school在学校；at noon在中午；at night在晚上；at work在工作；at sea在海上；at the same time同时；at times有时；at breakfast早餐时；at midnight在午夜；at the moment在此刻by bus乘公共汽车；by the time到时候；by turns轮流；by mistake错误地；by the door在门口in hospital住院；in the hospital在医院；in the end最后；
19、in order整整齐齐；in order to以便；in no time很快；in the daytime在白天；in turn轮流；in time及时；in front(2016、45)在前方；in English用英语(2019、28)；in the future在将来；in fact事实上on the way在路上；on Sunday在星期天；on show展出；on display陈列；on fire着火；on duty值日；on the other hand另一方面；on foot步行；on business出差；on board在船(飞机)上；on holiday在休假；on t
20、he telephone在接(打)电话；on time准时；on the(ones) left/right在左边/右边(2017、27；2011、53)；on sale在出售；on watch值班；on the earth在地球上with pleasure很乐意；with ones help在某人的帮助下be形容词介词be amazed at对感到惊讶；be angry with生(某人的)气；be afraid of害怕；be busy with忙于做；be good at擅长于；be full of充满；be excited about对感到兴奋；be kind to对和善；be inte
21、rested in对感兴趣；be famous for因而著名；be late for迟到；be popular with受欢迎；be pleased with对感到满意；be proud of对感到骄傲；be ready for为做准备；be satisfied with对满意；be worried about为担心；be different from和不同(2011、29)动词介词agree with同意；ask for请求；begin with以开始；come from来自；call at探访；die of死于；get on/off上车/下车；fillwith用装；fall off从落下
22、；hear from收到(某人的)信；hear of听说；look at看；go to bed去睡觉；go to school去上学；look for寻找；look after照顾；listen to听；pay for付钱；point to指向；point at指着；send for派人去叫；run across碰到；talk about谈论；think about考虑；think of认为；想起(2019、80)；wait for等候；write to写信给；worry about担心；laugh at嘲笑；fall behind落在后面；knock at敲介词名词介词at the foot
23、 of在脚下；on the top of在顶端；in the middle of在中间；in the front of在前面；in the east of在东部；by means of借助；at the beginning of在开始；by the end of到为止；at the age of在岁时河北中考考点精练单项选择。( C)1.(2019德阳中考)My uncle was born_1986.Aon Bat Cin Dof( C)2.(2019郴州中考改编)We will attend the junior high graduation ceremony_June 21st，201
24、9.Ain Bat Con Dsince( D)3.(2019天水中考)Most of the villagers took part in the Dragon Boat races_9：00 am._the morning of June 7.Aat；in Bon；on Con；in Dat；on( A)4.(2019无锡中考)Lets take a walk_the river after dinner, shall we?Aalong Bthrough Cupon Dover( A)5.(2019泰州中考)Ladies and gentlemen，welcome to Beijing！
25、And if you need any help，please call me_0105558 6390.Aat Bon Cwith Dby( A)6.(2019湘潭中考改编)If you have a sore throat，you could drink some hot tea_honey.Awith Bat Con Din( C)7.(2019天水中考)I want to learn a second foreign language_English.Aexcept BbesideCbesides Dexcept for( B)8.(2019凉山州中考)Look，there is a
26、cute bird，Mom.It flew into our kitchen_the window just now，Alex.Aacross Bthrough Cabove Dunder( A)9.(2019包头中考)He drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went_the road.Aoff Bon Calong Dbehind( B)10.(2019咸宁中考)Thanks to our government，we can have a new library next week.Thats great！And we will re
27、ad books there_a month.Abefore Bin Cby Duntil( A)11.(2019曲靖中考改编)Cao Yuan，a young Chinese scientist，was regarded_one of the top 10 people by Nature in 2018.Aas Bfor Cin Dat( C)12.(2019温州中考)The instructions tell us everything_about how to make the model ship.Aby hand Bby chanceCin detail Din person( A
28、)13.(2019襄阳中考)How strange！You sit in your room_for a long time，Li Ming.I just want to be quiet for a while. Im sorry，Dad. I failed the test again.Ain silence Bin personCin public Din fact( B)14.(2019临沂中考改编)In the world，more than 30% of schools do not provide safe drinking water_about 570 million chi
29、ldren.Awith BforCtowards Dto( A)15.(2019张家口一模)Reading in bed is bad_your eyes.Afor Bto Cwith Dabout( A)16.(2019唐山路北区一模)The government provides homeless people_nice houses.Awith Bfor Cto Dof( D)17.(2019唐山滦南县期末)My friends warn me_the danger of sailing alone.Ain Bwith Cfor Dof( C)18.(2019保定定兴县一模)The box is too heavy. You can put it_the table first and have a rest.Aover Babove Con Din( A)19.You can improve your English_practicing more.Aby Bwith Cof Din( A)20.You look quite beautiful_this pink dress.Ain Bon Cwith Dfor( B)21.Lets put the piano over there，_the wall.Aabove BagainstCacross Daround7
