1、Learning about languageDiscovering useful words and expressions1.Replace the words underlined by ones of similar meaning from the reading passage.1)Seeing the dark clouds above him,George hurried for home.2)Sailing a boat alone far way from the shore made Floras parents worry about her safety.overhe
2、ad offshore 3)Clare,would you please put your bicycle next to the others in the shed?4)“Why dont you plot a more simple route with the smallest number of stops?”asked Mary.5)Setting out on a long journey by sea with unskilled sailors would be dangerous especially if there were no modern navigational
3、 instruments.alongside simplified minimum voyage seamen 2.find the words from the reading passage that are the opposite of these compound words._anywhere _upload_inward _unreliable_ land flower_ strong pointnowhere download outward reliable seaweed shortcoming 3.Write down the words you know,which a
4、re related to navigation and sea.Navigationnavigate,navigational,(instruments:compass,bearing,circle,astrolabe,quadrant,sextant),sail,sailor,voyage,latitude,longitude,equator,horizon,captain,sailor,land,island,set sail,nautical middles,explore,explorationSeaSeaman,seaweed,seafood,shore,offshore,onsh
5、ore,beach,beach-ball,seabed,seabird,seagull,sea shell,seaside,sea water,seasick,coast,coastline,coastal,tide,wave,current4.Complete the following paragraph with the words below.precise outward nowhere awkward reference seaweed accelerate mercy randomly voyage alongside approximateSamuel the sailor w
6、as extremely good at plotting his course using the stars as a_.One day he was determined to set out on a _across an unknown sea to an unknown continent.He set out with his instruments so he would not be at the _ of the sea.He found on his _ journey a rocky island.It seemed to be covered in nests.ref
7、erence voyage mercy outward Suddenly,as Samuel looked,an enormous bird swooped down and picked him up as if he were a/an_ parcel.It _ its speed and rose straight up into the air so as to reach the_ place on the rocks where its nest lay.Once there,it shook itself and threw Samuel in the_ direction of
8、 the nest.awkward accelerated precise approximate There seemed to be _ to hide but then he noticed lots of_ on his left and quickly hid under it.The bird landed nearby and pecked _ at the rocks.Samuel rolled over swiftly and found himself at the edge of the cliff.He looked down slowly with a beating
9、 heart.Below him was his boat lying _ the shore!nowhere seaweed randomly alongside“How lucky I am!”Samuel thought to himself.He then gave a mighty leap and landed in it.Once inside he could safely sail away.work out to calculate an answer,amount,price,or value 计算计算 to think about sth.and manage to u
10、nderstand it 设法弄懂设法弄懂 to think carefully about how you are going to do sth.and plan a good way of doing it 精心制定出，安排精心制定出，安排Explanation on P11eg.See if you can work out this bill out.The plot is so complicated that itll take you a while to work it out.计算计算弄明白弄明白 I cant work out Geoff;one day hes frie
11、ndly,the next day he ignores me completely.I havent worked out whos gong to look after the kids tonight.明白明白计划计划1.We may well wonder how seamen explored the oceans before latitude and longitude made it possible to plot a ships position on a map.在经纬度未能绘出航船在地图上的在经纬度未能绘出航船在地图上的位置之前，我们很想知道航海员是怎样位置之前，我们很
12、想知道航海员是怎样在海上探险的。在海上探险的。Page 12 may/might well 很可能，极有可能很可能，极有可能 These are excellent photographs and we may well use them in our magazine.这些是很不错的照片，我们很有可能这些是很不错的照片，我们很有可能把它们用在我们的杂志上。把它们用在我们的杂志上。You might well find that youll need more by the weekend.到周末你很可能会发现你需要更多东到周末你很可能会发现你需要更多东西。西。2.The voyages of
13、 travelers before the 17th century show that they were not at the mercy of the sea even though they did not have modern navigational aids.17世纪前的海上航行表明，即使没有现世纪前的海上航行表明，即使没有现代航海术的帮助，旅行者也没有受大海代航海术的帮助，旅行者也没有受大海的支配。的支配。voyage n./vi.航海航海,航行航行The voyage from England to India used to take six months.过去从英国航行
14、到印度要六个月。过去从英国航行到印度要六个月。go on/make/take a sea voyage去航海旅行去航海旅行voyager n.航行者航行者,航海者航海者 They have got everything ready to make a _ across the Atlantic.A.trip B.travel C.voyage D.tour at the mercy ofwithout any protection against;helpless before 任由任由摆布；在摆布；在面前无助面前无助 They were lost at sea,at the mercy of
15、 wind and weather.他们在海上迷失了方向他们在海上迷失了方向,任凭风和天气任凭风和天气的摆布。的摆布。I dont like to be at the mercy of such a man.我不愿受这样一个人的摆布。我不愿受这样一个人的摆布。have mercy on/show mercy to 对对表示怜悯表示怜悯The terrorists showed no mercy to the hostages.恐怖分子对人质残酷无情。恐怖分子对人质残酷无情。without mercy 毫不留情地毫不留情地The mother left the dying baby in the
16、 hospital without mercy.那位母亲狠心地把垂死的婴儿丢弃在医院。那位母亲狠心地把垂死的婴儿丢弃在医院。Its a mercy(that)(口口)幸运的是幸运的是,幸亏幸亏(用于表示更遭的情况得以避免总算是幸用于表示更遭的情况得以避免总算是幸运运)Its a mercy the accident happened so near the hospital.幸亏事故发生在离医院很近的地方。幸亏事故发生在离医院很近的地方。Its a mercy she wasnt seriously hurt.幸运的是她伤势不重。幸运的是她伤势不重。even though 用作连词，意为用作连
17、词，意为“尽管，即尽管，即使使”，引导让步状语从句。，引导让步状语从句。高考示例高考示例There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely,_ she was an only child.(辽宁辽宁 2005)A.ever sinceB.now thatC.even thoughD.even aseven though“尽管，虽然尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语，引导让步状语从句。从句。ever since“自从自从以来以来”，常和完，常和完成时态连用；成时态连用；now that“既然，由于既然，由于”；even as“正当，恰恰在正当，恰恰在的时候的
18、时候”。拓展拓展 even though 和和even so 的区别：的区别：even though=even if用作连词，引导让步状语从用作连词，引导让步状语从句；句；even so 用作副词，意思是用作副词，意思是“尽管这样尽管这样/那样，即便如此那样，即便如此”。高考示例高考示例 Your uncle seems to be a good driver;_,I wouldnt dare to travel in his car.(江西江西 2005)A.even soB.even thoughC.thereforeD.so3.minimum(min)adj.最小的最小的,最低的最低的
19、n.最小值最小值,最小化。最小化。其反义词为其反义词为maximum(max)adj.最高的最高的,最多的最多的,最大极限的最大极限的n.最大量最大量,最大限度最大限度,极大极大 The minimum requirements for the job are a degree and two years experience.该工作的最低要求是要有学位和两年该工作的最低要求是要有学位和两年的工作经验。的工作经验。You must get a minimum of 40 questions right to pass the examination.你最少必须答对你最少必须答对40道题才能通过
20、考试。道题才能通过考试。keep/reduce sth.to a minimum 将某物保持在将某物保持在/降低到最低限度降低到最低限度 The school manages to keep bullying to a minimum.学校设法最低限度得减少恃强凌弱的行学校设法最低限度得减少恃强凌弱的行为。为。The maximum number of students in each class is 58.每个班学生人数的最高限额是每个班学生人数的最高限额是58名。名。4.indicate vt.指出指出,显示显示,象征象征,预示预示,需要需要,简要地说明简要地说明I asked him
21、where my sister was and he indicated the shop opposite.我问他姐姐在哪儿我问他姐姐在哪儿,他朝对面的商店指了他朝对面的商店指了一下。一下。I indicated that his help was not welcome.我表明他的帮助不受欢迎。我表明他的帮助不受欢迎。5.close adj.near in space or time 空间上或时间上靠近的空间上或时间上靠近的 likely 可能的可能的careful 小心的小心的close to death 离死亡不远离死亡不远take a close look at sth.严密注意某物
22、严密注意某物keep a close watch/eye on仔细地看仔细地看They chose a spot close to the river for their picnic.他们选择了一个离河不远的地方进行野他们选择了一个离河不远的地方进行野餐。餐。Your birthday is close to mine.你的生日离我的生日相隔不长。你的生日离我的生日相隔不长。The two countries are close to signing a peace agreement.两国即将签署和平协议。两国即将签署和平协议。6.used to do表过去习惯化的动作或状态表过去习惯化的
23、动作或状态be/become/get used to doing/n.习惯于习惯于(to为介词为介词)be used to do 为被动语态，表示为被动语态，表示“被用来做某事被用来做某事”I used to go swimming on Saturdays but now I dont.The country life he was used to _ greatly since 1992.(2005 山东山东)A.change B.has changed C.changing D.have changedIm not used to getting up so early.Cloth is
24、 used to make clothes.7.nowhere adv.无处无处,到处都无到处都无 该词用于句首时，要用倒装语序。该词用于句首时，要用倒装语序。I have no job and nowhere to live.我没工作，也没地方住。我没工作，也没地方住。Nowhere could I see him.我哪儿也看不到他。我哪儿也看不到他。Maybe you have been to many countries,but nowhere else _ such a beautiful palace.(2004 辽宁辽宁)A.can you find B.you could fin
25、d C.you can find D.could you findnowhere else是否定词，以否定词开头是否定词，以否定词开头的句子要进行倒装。根据上一个句子的的句子要进行倒装。根据上一个句子的谓语动词可确定用一般现在时。谓语动词可确定用一般现在时。注：注：nowhere置于句首时，句子要用置于句首时，句子要用倒装的语序。倒装的语序。8.offshore adj./adv.向海面吹的向海面吹的,离岸的离岸的,海面上的海面上的,海上海上/下作业的下作业的offshore workers 海上作业的工人海上作业的工人 offshore bank/company/investment境外银行
26、境外银行/公司公司/投资投资offshore wind/current etc.从陆地吹向海面的风从陆地吹向海面的风/离岸的潮流离岸的潮流The storm moved offshore.风暴离岸移动。风暴离岸移动。A boat moored offshore.船在近海下锚。船在近海下锚。9.accelerate vi./vt.=to(cause to)move faster 加速加速,促促进进She accelerated her car and passed the bus in front.她加快车速超过了前面的公共汽车。她加快车速超过了前面的公共汽车。The car suddenly
27、accelerated.那辆车突然开始加速。那辆车突然开始加速。1.secure adj.安全的安全的,可靠的可靠的,放心的放心的,无虑的无虑的v.保护保护,使安全使安全 Our house is secure from flood.我们的房子没有被淹的危险。我们的房子没有被淹的危险。Some measures are needed to secure the bank from a flood.这道堤防需要采取一些措施这道堤防需要采取一些措施,免得被免得被洪水冲坏。洪水冲坏。Page 13security n.安全，保安，保护安全，保安，保护Security was tight during
28、 the Presidents visit.总统来访期间，保安工作十分严密。总统来访期间，保安工作十分严密。For security reasons the visitors were searched.为了安全起见，来宾受到了检查。为了安全起见，来宾受到了检查。2.magnetic adj.磁的磁的,有磁性的有磁性的,有吸引力的有吸引力的 magnet n.磁体磁体,磁铁磁铁 a magnetic recorder 磁录音机磁录音机 a magnetic compass bearing可分辨磁极方向的罗盘可分辨磁极方向的罗盘a magnetic person 有魅力的人有魅力的人The ir
29、on has lost its magnetic force.这铁已失去磁力。这铁已失去磁力。3.random n.随意随意,任意任意 adj.任意的任意的,随便的随便的,胡乱的胡乱的 make a random choice 任意选择任意选择 at random=aimlessly;without any plan 随机，随便随机，随便 The travelers at the airport were searched at random.（搜查人员对）机场上的旅客随便选几（搜查人员对）机场上的旅客随便选几个人加以搜查。个人加以搜查。Soiled dishes were piled at
30、random.脏碟子乱七八糟地堆着。脏碟子乱七八糟地堆着。4.awkward adj.难使用的难使用的,笨拙的笨拙的,尴尬的尴尬的;棘手的棘手的,难处理的难处理的 an awkward remark 令人窘迫的评论令人窘迫的评论 There was an awkward silence,when no one knew what to say.当谁都不知道说什么时，出现了令当谁都不知道说什么时，出现了令人尴尬的沉默。人尴尬的沉默。他很笨，总是丢东西。他很笨，总是丢东西。He is awkward;he keeps dropping things.An awkward situation aro
31、se during the peace talks.在和平谈判中出现了棘手的情况。在和平谈判中出现了棘手的情况。5.reference n.提及提及,涉及涉及,参考参考,参考书目参考书目,证明书证明书(人人),介绍信介绍信(人人)At the meeting the teacher made references to his heroic deeds.在会上老师提到了他的英雄事迹。在会上老师提到了他的英雄事迹。These are reference books for teachers.这些是教师参考书。这些是教师参考书。refer v.提到提到,涉及涉及,查阅查阅,咨询咨询The teac
32、her often refers her pupils to this dictionary.老师经常让她的学生查这本字典。老师经常让她的学生查这本字典。Her pupils often refer to this dictionary.她的学会经常查这本字典。她的学会经常查这本字典。Dont refer to it again.别再提那件事。别再提那件事。6.precise adj.精确的精确的,准确的准确的 precision n.精确精确(性性),精密精密(度度)A lawyer needs a precise mind.律师需要一丝不苟的精神。律师需要一丝不苟的精神。A camera
33、is an instrument of precision.照相机是一种精密仪器。照相机是一种精密仪器。7.simplify vt.单一化单一化,简单化简单化 simple adj.简单的简单的 The English in this story has been simplified to make it easier to understand.这个故事里的英语被这个故事里的英语被简写以便更容易理解。简写以便更容易理解。His father lived a simple life in the country.他父亲在农村过着简朴的他父亲在农村过着简朴的生活。生活。8.portable a
34、dj.轻便的轻便的,手提手提(式式)的的,便携式的便携式的 a portable typewriter 提式打字机提式打字机 a portable generator 便携式发电机便携式发电机9.shortcoming n.缺点缺点,短处（常用复数）短处（常用复数）In spite of all her shortcomings,she is still the best teacher the school has.他尽管有些缺点，但仍然是该校最他尽管有些缺点，但仍然是该校最好的教师。好的教师。10.update v.使现代化使现代化,修正修正,校正校正,更新更新 n.现代化现代化,更新更新
35、 updated adj.最新的，现代化的，适时的最新的，现代化的，适时的 an updated and revised edition 最新修订本最新修订本11.tendency n.趋向趋向,倾向倾向 Weve noticed a growing tendency for people to work at home instead of in offices.我我们注意到一种趋势，越来越多的人们注意到一种趋势，越来越多的人在家里工作而不在办公室里上班。在家里工作而不在办公室里上班。have a tendency to do sth.倾向于做某事倾向于做某事,往往会做某事往往会做某事Jea
36、ns nice but she has a tendency to talk too much.简人倒不错，就是往往太唠叨。简人倒不错，就是往往太唠叨。12.reliable adj.可靠的可靠的,可信赖的可信赖的 rely v.依赖依赖,依靠依靠,信赖信赖,信任信任,依赖于依赖于 reliability n.可靠性可靠性 She may forget to come-she is not very reliable.她可能忘了来，她不太可信赖。她可能忘了来，她不太可信赖。课文长句难句剖析课文长句难句剖析The compass has a special magnetic pointer wh
37、ich always indicates the North Pole,so it is used to help find the direction that the ship needs to go.剖析剖析:pointer 是先行词是先行词,which 是引导词是引导词,在在从句中作主语从句中作主语,引导后面定语从句引导后面定语从句always indicates the North Pole;so引导后面的是结果引导后面的是结果状语从句状语从句;it作形式主语作形式主语,真正的主语是真正的主语是to help find the direction;the direction 作为先行
38、词作为先行词,that是引导词是引导词,引导定语从句引导定语从句the ship needs to go。译文：指南针有一个特殊的磁针，始译文：指南针有一个特殊的磁针，始终指着北极。因此人们用它来帮助找终指着北极。因此人们用它来帮助找出船只所要去的方向。出船只所要去的方向。1._ giving a general introduction to computer,the course also provides practical experience.2.He used to tell me that he _ be a writer but it turned out that he be
39、came a doctor.cope with,at the mercy of,work out,set loose,close to,take.off,to ones astonishment,attach.to,take over,compare.with,in addition to,aim to用方框内所给词组的适当形式完成下列句子用方框内所给词组的适当形式完成下列句子（其中有两个词组是多余的）。（其中有两个词组是多余的）。In addition toaimed to3.It was a reasonable assessment and probably pretty _ the t
40、ruth.4.The workers find themselves absolutely _ the capitalists5.Inexperienced as he was,he could _ the difficulties wonderfully well.cope with,at the mercy of,work out,set loose,close to,take.off,to ones astonishment,attach.to,take over,compare.with,in addition to,aim toclose toat the mercy ofcope
41、with6.He kept his men alive by keeping them busy so as to _ their minds _ their stomachs and their thirst.7.She _ great value _ being financially independent.cope with,at the mercy of,work out,set loose,close to,take.off,to ones astonishment,attach.to,take over,compare.with,in addition to,aim toatta
42、ches totake off8.I spotted a shooting star which,_,was bright green in color.9.When she fell ill,her daughter _ the business from her.10.There will be a full investigation to _ what caused the accident.cope with,at the mercy of,work out,set loose,close to,take.off,to ones astonishment,attach.to,take over,compare.with,in addition to,aim toastonishmenttook overwork outto my
