1、UNIT 1 Laugh out loudUsing language(1)Non-defining attributive clauses Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the three questions.a I walk through the doors into the waiting area，where theres a familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension.b.laughter produces chemicals to make people
2、 feel better，which means clown doctors can be helpful.c I spent much of the time when I was there feeling frightened.1What do“where”，“which”and“when”refer to in each sentence?2Which sentences contain a clause with essential information and which with extra information?If you take away the clauses，do
3、 the sentences still make sense?3Which clauses are separated by a comma，the ones with essential information or the ones with extra information?where 指代the waiting area。which 指代laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better。when 指代much of the time。句c 包含一个有基本信息的从句，句a 和句b 分别包含一个有附加信息的从句。若去掉句c 的
4、从句，句c 含义不完整；若去掉句a 和句b 中的从句，句a 和句b 意义仍完整。句a 和句 b 中的从句用逗号分隔，是含有附加信息的从句。句c 是含有基本信息的从句。Can you find more sentences with non-defining attributive clauses inthe reading passage?People sit uncomfortably.looking through old magazines，all of which have been read hundreds of times previously.I speak with the
5、on-duty nurse，who tells me that Laras parents rushed her to the hospital after she fell off her bicycle.We have to.work closely with the doctors and nurses，who keep us updated on each patient.Read the passage and rewrite the tips using non-defining attributive clauses.Go for a walk in the countrysid
6、e，_ you can enjoy the beautiful views and a peaceful atmosphere.Spend time with your family and friends，_will activate chemicals in your brain to make you feel happier.Try to accept your mistakes，_you can learn a lot.Close your eyes and picture the fu-ture，_youve made your dreams come true.wherewhic
7、h through which whereComplete the joke with the sentence parts in the box using who/which and put commas in the correct position.has lost his patience by now he thinks will impress Holmes is lying next to him he finds annoying One day，Sherlock Holmes and Dr Watson go camping.They put up their tent u
8、nder the stars and go to sleep.Suddenly，in the middle of the night，Watson is woken up by Holmes 1 .“Watson，”Holmes says，“look up at the stars，and tell me what they tell you.”Not quite sure what he means，Watson thinks Holmes is joking 2 at this time of night.Even so，he replies，“I see millions of star
9、s and its quite likely there are some planets like Earth.And if so，this means that there might also be life on other planets.”Watson is pleased with his answer 3 .But Holmes 4 shouts，“Watson，look around you!Use your eyes!Somebodys stolen our tent!”，who is lying next to him，which he finds annoying，wh
10、ich he thinks will impress Holmes，who has lost his patience by now，单元语法单元语法 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句1 非限制性定语从句的主要应用场合非限制性定语从句的主要应用场合（1）先行词指代明确时，如专有名词和独一无二的事物。Karl Marx，who was born in Germany，was a great philosopher.卡尔马克思出生于德国，是一位伟大的哲学家。（2）当出现“some/many/few/a few/little/much/most/half+of+which/whom”等结构时。The
11、re are many badges on the table，most of which are new.桌子上有很多徽章，大部分都是新的。词汇复现（3）先行词指的是某人只有一个的亲属（son，daughter，father，mother，wife 等）时。比较：I have an elder brother，who works in Beijing.我有一个哥哥，他在北京工作。（只有一个哥哥）I have an elder brother who works in Beijing.我有一个在北京工作的哥哥。（可能有几个哥哥，其中一个在北京工作）（4）关系词指代整个主句的内容时。In the
12、 presence of so many people he was a little tense，which was understandable.在那么多人面前他有点儿紧张，这是可以理解的。单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）词汇复现The clown doctor，wears a curly wig，is popular with the little patients in the hospital.（2）I earn only 1，000 dollars a month，half of is spent on my car.（3）We have nearly one hundred for
13、eign students in our university，most of are from America and Australia.（4）The tree，the branches of are almost bare，is a very old one.（5）Tom has the good qualities of kindness and honesty，is what his parents expect.who which whom which which 2 引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词（1）which 指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语
14、。I bought a novel yesterday，which was written by Han Han.我昨天买了一本小说，是韩寒写的。（2）who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。My father，who has curly hair，is an excellent cook.我的父亲有一头卷发，他是个很棒的厨师。词汇复现（3）whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语。This is Peter，whom you havent met before.这是彼得，你以前没见过他。（4）whose 既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。The boy，whose father is an e
15、ngineer，studies very hard.这个男孩学习很努力，他的爸爸是一位工程师。The play，whose style is rigidly formal，is typical of the period.这个剧本是那个时期的典型作品，风格拘谨刻板。（5）as 既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。He forgot to bring his pen with him，as was often the case.他忘了带笔，这是常有的事。（as 在从句中作主语）As we all know，water is essential for life.我们都知道，水是生命所必需
16、的。词汇复现（as 在从句中作宾语）单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）词汇复现The employer，all the employees respect，is concerned about his employees working conditions.（2）She was patient with the children，her husband seldom was.（3）The poet，poems are best loved，once lived in this region.（4）The little boy can speak two foreign languages，sur
17、prises all the people present.（5）I met Professor Xu，told me the result of the election.（6）We won the game，we expected.（7）2018天津卷Kate，sister I shared a room with when we were at college，has gone to work in Australia.（8）To write some dull poems，many so-called poets do，is unworthy of him.whom/whowhich
18、whose which who as whose as 3 引导非限制性定语从句的关系副词引导非限制性定语从句的关系副词（1）where 在定语从句中作地点状语。They went to London，where they stayed for six months.他们去了伦敦，在那儿待了六个月。（2）when 在定语从句中作时间状语。He will put off the picnic until May 1st，when he will be free.他将把野餐推迟到5 月1 日，那时他将有空。单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）We will put off the trip until
19、next week，the weather may be better.（2）We will be shown around the city：schools，museums and other places，other visitors seldom go.when where4 as 与与which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别引导非限制性定语从句的区别（1）as 引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词是整个主句。从句可位于主句前或主句后，也可位于主句中间。as 引导的定语从句表示说话人的看法、态度或评论，as 仍具有“正如，像”等意思。As is mentioned above，the numbe
20、r of students in high schools is increasing.正如上面所提到的，高中学生的数量在增加。Taiwan is，as you know，an inseparable part of China.你知道，台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。He is absorbed in his work，as he often was.他正在全神贯注地工作，他过去经常这样。（2）which 引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词既可以是一个词，也可以是整个主句或主句的部分内容。which 引导的定语从句通常位于主句的后面。which 引导的定语从句对主句叙述的内容进行补充说明，常译为“这
21、一点，这件事”等。She was very fond of speaking French，which indeed she spoke well.她很喜欢讲法语，而且讲得确实很好。He tore up my photo，which upset me.他把我的照片撕了，这使我很恼火。【误区警示误区警示】在as，which 引导的非限制性定语从句中，关系代词as，which 都表示一个整体概念。所以当它们在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词总是用单数形式。As is known to us，Mark Twain was a great American writer.我们都知道，马克吐温是一位伟大的
22、美国作家。He said that he had never seen his employer before，which was not true.他说他以前从未见过他的雇主，这不是真的。词汇复现 单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）The couple were invited to the state banquet，was a great honour to them.（2）was often the case，she forgot to bring her homework.（3）This man，you know，is good for nothing.（4）These apple tr
23、ees，I planted three years ago，have not produced any fruits.（5）He said that he had never been there before，was not true.完成句子完成句子（6）He was a foreigner，（我是从他的口音知道的）.（7）John passed the exam，（这使他的父母非常开心）.（8）（据报纸报道），all the schools will reopen on Sept.1.which As as which which as I knew from his accent wh
24、ich made his parents very happy As is reported in the newspaper 5 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别（1）形式不同：前者紧跟在先行词后，不用逗号隔开；后者用逗号和主句隔开。A man who doesnt want to learn much from others cant achieve much.一个不想向别人多学习的人是不会有多大成就的。The note was left by Jim，who was here a moment ago.个便条是吉姆留的，他刚才还在这里。（2）功
25、能不同：前者起限定作用，不可省略，否则主句意思不完整；后者起补充说明作用，省略后主句意思仍然完整。A doctor is a person who cures patients.医生就是治疗病人的人。The big tree was cut down yesterday，which is about three hundred years old.昨天那棵大树被砍倒了，它大约有三百年的历史了。（3）关系词不同：前者所有关系词都可引导，在从句中作宾语时可省略；后者that，why 不能引导，且均不可省略。He is the clown doctor（whom/who/that）you are l
26、ooking for.就是你正在找的那个小丑医生。词汇复现 She had seven children，three of whom lived nearby.有七个孩子，其中三个就住在附近。（4）先行词不同：前者的先行词往往是某一个词；后者的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是主句的一部分，甚至是整个主句。The hotel which we stayed at was not clean.我们住的那家旅馆不干净。The boy with curly hair lost her badge，which annoyed her much.那个卷发男孩把她的徽章弄丢了，这使她很恼火。词汇复现（5）翻译方
27、式不同：前者一般译为定语，而后者一般译为并列分句。The watch that he gave me for my birthday is very nice.我过生日时他送给我的手表很漂亮。Mr.Zhang，who came to see me yesterday，is an old friend of mine.张先生昨天来看我，他是我的一位老朋友。单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）词汇复现The man I met in the street was an employer from a famous company.（2）Last night I saw a very good film，
28、was about the great thinker，Confucius.（3）词汇复现The book，cover is red，is about health care.（4）This is the soldier saved the boy in the flood.（5）These men were thieves，turned out to be true.（6）Charles Smith，was my former teacher，resigned last year.（7）The next day we arrived in New York，we were interview
29、ed on the radio.完成句子完成句子（8）The National Day falls on October 1st，（他出生在那天）.（9）（众所周知），Taiwan belongs to China.（10）Do you have the photo （我们一起拍的）in our primary school?（11）Yesterday she sold her car，（这是她一个月前买的）.that/who/whomwhich whose that/who which who where when he was born As is known to us all that/which we took together which she bought a month ago THE END
