1、Unit 5 Revealing natureStarting out Understanding ideasStarting out1.Look at the page from a science magazine and answer the questions.1)What do you know about these animals?What makes them special?2)What other similar animals do you know about?Share your knowledge.Komodo dragon（科莫多巨蜥）（科莫多巨蜥）:l Komo
2、do dragons were first encountered by Western researchers in 1910.The researchers said the ancestor of the Komodo dragon most likely evolved in Australia and spread westward,reaching the Indonesian island of Flores 900,000 years ago.l The Komodo dragon is the largest lizard in the world.It can grow t
3、o three metres in length and can weigh about 135 kilograms.Despite its size and weight,it can run for short distances at up to 20 kilometres per hour.Duck-billed platypus（鸭嘴兽）（鸭嘴兽）:The first scientists to examine a preserved platypus body judged it a fake in the late 18th century.The oldest discover
4、ed fossil of the modern platypus dates back to about 100,000 years ago.The duck-billed platypus is a small egg-laying mammal(up to 60 cm in length)found only in Eastern Australia including Tasmania.As its name suggests,it has a mouth that looks like a ducks bill,while its thick fur and flat tail are
5、 similar to those of a beaver（海狸）.Nautilus（鹦鹉螺）（鹦鹉螺）:As one of the oldest sea animal in the world,the nautilus has hardly changed in about 500 million years,and that is why it is often given the name“living fossil”.Starting out2.Watch the video and answer the questions.1)How can seeds travel?How can
6、 this benefit plants?Seeds are usually carried by the wind,water,and animals.Plants can have a better chance of life.2)Can you think of another example of seeds travelling?Share it with the class.Humans can spread seeds if seeds get stuck to their clothing or shoes.Why do seeds need to travel?They n
7、eed _.Dandelion:Dandelions have the seeds that get _.Coconut:Coconuts are the seeds of _,which spread their seeds by letting them _ to somewhere new with the water.Burr:such as chestnutBurrs spread their seeds through the help of _.The outside of the burr is covered with _,which enable them to sprea
8、d the seeds when the animals such as birds travel.Fruits such as apples and melons:When the animals eat these fruits,they carry the seeds away with their _.When they poop,the seeds _ the poop.a place(space)to grow up blown away by the windcoconut palmsfloatanimal helpershooked structuresstomachare s
9、tuck in How can the seeds travel?Understanding ideas1.Look at the evolutionary tree and answer the questions.1)What species do you recognise in the picture?2)What factors can cause the process of evolution?Paramecium(草履虫草履虫),earthworm,snail,crab,fish,tortoise,bird,horse,human,frog,algae(海藻海藻),moss(苔
10、藓苔藓),fern(蕨类蕨类).The ever-changing environment of nature;environmental changes;population immigration;genetic mutation;cultural preferences.lower forms of life higher forms of life evolve evolution Before reading Understanding ideas2.Read the passage and talk about your understanding of the title.1)A
11、 trip from one place to another place2)The process of discovering his Theory of EvolutionCharles Darwin and his Theory of EvolutionCharles Darwin(18091882)was an English geologist and naturalist.In his famous bookOn the Origin of Species,Darwin proposed the theory that organisms(individual life form
12、s)evolve extremely slowly.He stated that the organisms that were better suited to their environments would survive and pass on their favourable characteristics to the next generation,while the less suitable organisms would gradually die out.He called this process“natural selection”.物竞天择，适者生存。物竞天择，适者
13、生存。Before reading Understanding ideas While reading wordsdistantevolvesuspectgeneratenaturalistUnderstanding ideas1distant adj.遥远的；远处的；久远的；疏远的 The captain of the ship,the Beagle,wanted someone who would“profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known”(教材P50)“贝格尔号”船长需要个人，此人能“
14、有机会访问遥远而鲜为人知的国家并从中受益”。【例1】The train station was about 20 kilometres distant.火车站在大约20公里远的地方。【例2】Jack sounded very cold and distant on the phone.从电话里听起来杰克非常冷淡和疏远。Understanding ideas While reading wordsUnderstanding ideas【知识拓展】distance n.距离；远方at a distance 隔一段距离；距离稍远in the distance 在远方out of distance f
15、rom 离太远；达不到keep sb.at a distance 对冷淡；与疏远keep distance from 与保持距离distance oneself from 使远离；使疏远 While reading wordsUnderstanding ideas2be a disgrace 是耻辱，是丢脸的事 Whats more,he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be“a disgrace to yourself and all your family”(教材P50)并且在他
16、刚收到的家书中，父亲预言他将会成为“自己和全家人的耻辱”。【例】He is a disgrace and an embarrassment to the local government.他是当地政府的耻辱和尴尬。【知识拓展】(1)disgrace v.使丢脸；使蒙受耻辱；使名誉扫地；使失势；使失去地位(2)in disgrace 很不讨人喜欢 While reading words3 lead to 引起，导致；通向 Despite all this,his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important sci
17、entific discoveries of all time.(教材P50)尽管如此，他在这艘船上的冒险经历将通向有史以来最重要的科学发现之一。【例1】The laws have lead to a reduction in fuel consumption in the US.【例2】Excuse me,does this road lead to the railway station?【知识拓展】lead sb.to do sth.使某人做lead sb.by the nose 牵着某人的鼻子走in the lead 领先，处于首位Understanding ideas While r
18、eading words4fascinate v.使入迷，吸引 The young man in question,Charles Darwin,was a geologist and naturalist,fascinated by rocks,plants and animals.(教材P50)所提到的那位年轻人叫查尔斯达尔文，是一位地质学家和博物学家，对岩石、植物和动物着迷。【例1】It was a question that had fascinated him since he was a boy.【例2】Therefore,I do not have anything with w
19、hich to fascinate people.【知识拓展】fascinating adj.迷人的 fascinated adj.着迷的 fascination n.魅力，迷惑力；迷恋 be fascinated by/with.被迷住Understanding ideas While reading wordsUnderstanding ideas While reading words5be crowded with.挤满；充满 After Darwin had spent some time in South America,his room on the ship was crowd
20、ed with samples of the plants and animals he had collected.(教材P51)达尔文在南美待了一段时间后，在船上他的房间里塞满了收集的动植物样本。【例1】The old town square was crowded with people.【例2】The roads are crowded with vehicles of all kinds.【知识拓展】crowded adj.拥挤的 crowd n.&v.人群/拥挤；聚集a crowd of 一群 the crowd 群众；民众 crowds of 许多6exist vi.存在；生存，
21、生活 As he studied these,he asked himself the question:how did different species come to exist?(教材P51)当他研究这些的时候，他问了自己这个问题：不同物种是如何存在的？【例1】The problem only exists in your head,Jane.【例2】Few of these monkeys still exist in the wild.【知识拓展】(1)exist in存在于之中 exist onlive on 靠为生 There exist.有，存在Understanding i
22、deas While reading words(2)existence n.存在；生存 in existence 存在 out of existence 消失 come into existence 出现，产生 bring into existence 使出现/产生7adapt to 适应，适合 Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments?(教材P51)也许动物是随着适应环境的变化而进化的？【例1】I found it not easy to adapt to new life.【例2】We mus
23、t adapt to a changing world.【知识拓展】adapt.to.使适应或适合 adapt.from.根据改编或改写adapt.for.改编或改作之用 adaptable adj.能适应的，适应性强的adaptation n.改编（本），改造；适应Understanding ideas While reading wordsUnderstanding ideas While reading words8 suspect v.怀疑；不信任；猜想 Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancest
24、or,which had arrived on the islands a long time before.(教材P51)达尔文怀疑这些雀科小鸟是从一个共同的祖先进化而来的，这个祖先很久以前就来到了这些岛屿。【例1】I suspected her motives in offering to help.【例2】You dont really think Webb suspects you?【知识拓展】suspect sb.of(doing)sth.怀疑某人做了某事 suspect sb.to be.疑心某人是 suspect that.疑心9convincing adj.令人信服的；有说服力
25、的 But Darwins scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory.(教材P51)但是达尔文的科学研究是如此令人信服，以至于越来越多的人开始相信他的理论。【例1】He can come up with a convincing explanation.【例2】His version of the accident seemed most convincing.【知识拓展】(1)convince vt.使确信；使信服；使相信 convince sb.
26、of sth.使某人相信某事 convince sb.that.使某人相信 convince sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事(2)convinced adj.坚信不移的 be convinced of sth.深信某事 be convinced that.深信Understanding ideas While reading wordsUnderstanding ideas While reading sentences1.Whats more,he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he w
27、ould be “a disgrace to yourself and all your family”.predicting在此处作定语，解释说明前面名词letter的内容。2.Darwin saw a variety of new species,but it was birds that interested him the most.a variety of 是固定搭配，意为“各种各样的”，等同于“various”，“all kinds of”该句使用了常见句式强调句，基本结构为：It is/was.that/who.3.It was not published until 1859
28、and immediately caused a storm.caused a storm，本意是“引起风暴”，这里取其引申义，即“引起轰动”。Understanding ideas After readingUnderstanding ideas3.Choose the main idea of the passage and give your reason.The title of the passage is“A Journey of Discovery”.So the passage is mainly about how Darwins Theory of Evolution ge
29、nerated and developed on his journey on the Beagle.Para _Para _ After readingUnderstanding ideas125The text is organized in order of _.timeBefore the journeyDuring the journeyEnglandIn 1831In 1835After the journeyPara _67 After readingUnderstanding ideasRead for detailed information Para 1：Labels on
30、 a young manin captains eyesin common peoples eyesin his families eyesHe was not the captains first choice.He was a disgrace to himself and all his family.He was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree.Writing purpose:Set the suspense to attract readers interestsCharles
31、 Darwin was a geologist and naturalist,fascinated by rocks,plants and animals.How did different species come to exist?After readingUnderstanding ideasRead for detailed information Para 2：Start a journeyWhoWhatCollecting samplesAsking himself a questionAnimals evolved as they adapted to their changin
32、g environments.To look for more evidence.After readingUnderstanding ideasRead for detailed information Para 3：Generate new ideasOld ideasNew ideasWhatHow to proveAll species had appeared on Earth at the same time,and had not changed since.Darwin noticed finches beaks had evolved according to what fo
33、od was available on that particular island.New species of plants and animals evolved from earlier ancestors.After readingUnderstanding ideasRead for detailed information Para 45：Develop the ideasHowAnswe of that question After readingUnderstanding ideasRead for detailed information Para 67：Propose a
34、 theoryWhatHowPeoples reactionInfluenceA theory of evolution.Many people refused to believe.They were shocked.Later,more and more people started to believe his theory.Darwin explained this theory in his book,On the Origin of Species.On the Origin of Species is regarded as one of the most important w
35、orks ever written.It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever.After readingUnderstanding ideas4.Number the pieces in order.Organise information from the passage and complete them.1 On his journeylvarious living things in their natural environments and samples of the plants and animals he had co
36、llectedlvery similar to each other2 Generate ideaslcome to existlMaybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments?3 Look for more evidencelthat there was a difference between the finches on each of the islandslhad evolved according to what food was available on that particular is
37、land4 Develop ideaslhad evolved from a common ancestor,which had arrived on the islands a long time beforelslowly evolved into many new species5 Propose a theorylhad evolved from lower forms of life After readingUnderstanding ideasThink&Share1)Why were many people“shocked”by Darwins theory?2)What ki
38、nd of person was Darwin according to the passage?3)How do you think the human species will evolve in the future?4)What have you learnt about the spirit of scientific exploration?How can this spirit help you in your life and studies?Darwin was a determined man.He had strong curiosity and interest in
39、science and was good at thinking and making discoveries.At that time,many people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time and had not changed since,but Darwins theory proposed that living things,including humans,had evolved from lower forms of life,which,as a result,shocked many people.
