1、选择性必修一 Unit 5 Using language高二年级 英语 Step 1:Analysis of the materialWhat:语法部分通过呈现课文中的语句，帮助同学们归纳总结过去完成时的用法，并利用组句练习和两个语篇活动帮助同学们巩固语法知识。Why：旨在帮助同学们归纳总结过去完成时在具体语境中的用法。How：引导同学们发现并掌握过去完成时的构成及用法，并利用语篇活动来巩固语法知识，使同学们能够在真实语境中灵活运用该时态。Step 2:Leading-inLook at the sentences from the reading passage andanswer the
2、questions.1.In sentence(a),which action happened first,“suspected”or“evolved from a common ancestor”?“evolved from a common ancestor”happened first.达尔文猜测这些小鸟是从同一个祖先进化来的2.In sentence(b),which action happened first,“refused to believe”or“evolved from lower forms of life”?“evolved from lower forms of l
3、ife”happened first.3.What does the structure had done indicate?It indicates the action happened before a certain past action.许多人不愿相信生物（包括人类）是从低等生命形式进化而来。Now look for more sentences with the past perfect tense in the reading passage,and summarize its use in your own words.1.The person who answered th
4、e call was not the captains first choice.It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree.he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be“a disgrace to yourself and all your family.2.After Darwin had spent some time in South America,his room
5、on the ship was crowed with samples of the plants and animals he had collected.（辍学在先，响应号召在后）（收到父亲来信在先，响应号召在后）（花时间和收集样本在先，塞满了东西在后）3.At that time,people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time,and had not changed since.4.It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what food
6、 was available on that particular island.5.Over time,it had slowly evolved into many new species.（出现和不改变发生在前，相信这个事实在后）（鸟嘴进化发生在前，达尔文注意到这个现象发生在后）（慢慢进化发生在前，达尔文发现鸟类有所不同发生在后）Step 3:Knowledge learning1.什么是过去完成时？过去完成时由“had+过去分词”构成。表示在过去的某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”。句中常用 by,before,until,when等词引导时间状语。e.g.
7、1.Before we got to the train station,the train had already left.在我们到达车站之前，火车就已经走了。leave发生在get之前，get发生在过去，leave就是过去的过去，所以用had left。2.By the end of last term,we had learnt 2000 English words.到上学期期末为止，我们已经学了2000个英语单词了。the end of last term是一个过去的时间点，learn是发生在这个时间点之前，就是过去的过去，所以用had learnt。注意：在以下两个特殊句型hard
8、lywhen和no soonerthan中，主句要部分倒装，并使用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，表示：刚一就的含义:e.g.:1.Hardly had I left when it began to rain.我刚离开就开始下雨了。（先离开，再下雨）2.No sooner had he sat down than the phone rang.他刚坐下，电话铃就响了。（先坐下，铃才响）2.过去完成时的动词还可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或持续下去。e.g.Before he slept,he had worked for 12 hours.在睡觉之前，他已经工作了1
9、2小时了。sleep发生在过去，work发生在sleep之前，用过去完成时，而且过去完成时可以强调work这个动作持续了12小时。3.表示愿望、打算等的动词，如hope,want,expect,think,mean,suppose,intend,plan等后接从句时，一般用过去完成时表示本打算实现而未实现的愿望和计划。e.g.I had intended to meet him at the airport,but I hadan important meeting to attend.我本打算去机场接他，但我有个重要的会议要参加。intend to meet him发生在have a mee
10、ting之前,所以是过去的过去。Step 4:Language practiceActivity 1 用过去完成时将下列每组句子合并成一个复合句，注意使用括号中的提示。1.The British zoologist studied wild animals for 38 years.Then she set up reserves for them.(before)The British zoologist had studied wild animals for 38 years before she set up reserves for them.2.My cousin read my
11、email.Then she rang me.(notuntil)My cousin didnt ring me until she had read my email.3.I left the library.Then I went straight home.(after)I went straight home after I had left the library.4.Jason reached home.It began to rain.(no soonerthan)No sooner had Jason reached home than it began to rain.5.I
12、 finished my report.Someone knocked at the door.(justwhen)I had just finished my report when someone knocked at the door.Activity 2Complete the paragraphs with the information from the given sentences.The sentences a-c happened in order.They can help you to decide the use of tenses.beganhad led tode
13、velopedchose tohad madeActivity 3 Complete the paragraphs with the information from the given pete decline eatlive introduce arrivearrivedhad livedeatenhad introduced competed declinedcompete decline eatlive introduce arriveStep 5:Practical application Work in pairs.Act out a role-play using the inf
14、ormation in Activity 3.One of you will play the keeper of Lonesome George,and the other will play the reporter asking about George.Use the past perfect tense where appropriate.K for the keeper R for the reporterR:Nice to meet you,Mr.Keeper.Can I ask you some questions about Lonesome George,please?K:
15、Of course you can.R:Was George the last Pinta Island tortoise?K:Yes,he was.R:When was he discovered and when did he die?K:He was discovered many years after humans arrival on the island and died in 2012.R:What caused the extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise?K:Humans should be to blame for the ext
16、inction of the tortoise.R:Could you tell me more about it?K:Before humans arrived on the island,the species had lived in isolation（独立，孤独）and eaten the plants that naturally grew there.But humans had introduced many new species that competed for the food the tortoises ate by the time George was disco
17、vered.因受责备R:What a pity!What do you want to say to the audience at last?K:I hope humans should pay attention to protecting the environment and keep in harmony with other species.Step 6:Homework预习课本第56页的文章The Secret Language of Plants。Knowledge can change your fate and English can accomplish your future.Thank you for your watching.See you next time.
