1、Developing ideas reading Unit 4 Breaking boundaries目录页contentsPre-readingILanguage pointsFast readingIIHomeworkIntensive readingIIIVIPost-readingIPre-reading Pre-reading1.How did slave owners regard their slaves?2.What was a slaves life like?Watch the video and answer the questions.Pre-reading1.How
2、did slave owners regard their slaves?Watch the video and answer the questions.2.What was a slaves life like?They didnt regard them as humans but as animals,without respecting them.Daily life for a slave involved back-breaking labour.Slaves had to work all day long without enough rest.They were often
3、 physically abused by their owners and had no legal rights.Pre-reading:Background Information The Battle of GettysburgThe Battle of Gettysburg(1-3 July 1863)was a famous battle of the American Civil War.It involved more than 160,000 men and resulted in some of the heaviest losses of the war,on both
4、sides.the Battle of Gettysburg 葛底斯堡战役葛底斯堡战役the American Civil War 美国内战美国内战Pre-reading:Background Information The Battle of GettysburgThe battle was a defeat for the South,and is now regarded by many as the turning point of the civil war,although its significance was not clear at the time;indeed,the
5、great slaughter gave rise to doubt in some quarters about the wisdomof continuing the war.slaughter n 屠杀屠杀 give rise to 引起引起in some quarters 一部分人一部分人Pre-reading:Background Information The Battle of GettysburgAbraham Lincoln set the battle at the heart of his vision for Union victory when he delivere
6、d The Gettysburg Address,at the Dedication of the National Cemetery at the battlefield site in November 1863.deliver v 发表发表 cemetery n 墓地墓地IIFast readingFast readingLook at the title and skim the passage.Choose the book in which you would most likely find the passage.The Power of SpeechFamous US Pre
7、sidentsGreat Battles in HistoryIIIIntensive readingIntensive readingThe Gettysburg AddressSpeaker:Abraham Lincoln Setting(date&place):_Background event:_How did Lincoln describe the founding of the US?_What challenges did the Civil War bring to the nation?_How did Lincoln describe the men who fought
8、 in the war?_What was the“great task”that Lincoln described?_Who would be responsible for carrying out this task?_Organise information from the passage and complete the notes.The Gettysburg Address Speaker:Abraham Lincoln Setting(date&place):_ Background event:_The Battle of Gettysburg in 1863,which
9、 resulted in over 50,000casualties.On 19 November 1863,in a field in Gettysburg,PennsylvaniaIntensive readingHow did Lincoln describe the founding of the US?_It was a new nation conceived in Liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal./It aimed at bringing freedom to the
10、people and was based on the principle that all men are created equal.Intensive readingThe Gettysburg AddressThe Gettysburg AddressWhat challenges did the Civil War bring to the nation?_It would test whether a nation conceived inLiberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal
11、can long endure.Intensive readingThe Gettysburg AddressHow did Lincoln describe the men who fought in the war?_They gave their lives so that their nation might live.They were brave men whose struggles had consecrated the ground.Intensive readingThe Gettysburg AddressWhat was the“great task”that Linc
12、oln described?_That this nation shall have a new birth offreedom;and that this government of thepeople,by the people,for the people,shall not perish from the earth.Intensive readingThe Gettysburg AddressWho would be responsible for carrying out this task?_The living should be dedicated to the task.I
13、ntensive readingIntensive reading:Think and ShareDiscuss and answer the following questions.1.What was Lincolns purpose in giving the speech?2.Lincoln talked about government“of the people,by the people,for the people”.What does this mean?3.What other speeches can you think of that stress the import
14、ance of breaking boundaries?4.What efforts to break boundaries are described in the two reading passages in this unit?Intensive reading1.What was Lincolns purpose in giving the speech?Discuss and answer the following questions.He wanted to give the people hope,belief and a reason to look to the futu
15、re.Intensive reading2.Lincoln talked about government“of the people,by the people,for the people”.What does this mean?Discuss and answer the following questions.“Of the people”means that government should be made up of or drawn from the people;“by the people”means that government should be run by or
16、dinary people;“for the people”means that government should use its power for the peoples benefit.Intensive reading3.What other speeches can you think of that stress the importance of breaking boundaries?Discuss and answer the following questions.Example:I Have a DreamI have a dream that one day on t
17、he red hills of Georgia,the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.Intensive reading4.What efforts to break boundaries are described in the two reading passages in this unit?Discuss and answer the following questions.In
18、 the first passage,doctors or other people of different backgrounds worked together to save people in danger.In the second passage,Lincoln called on the people of the United States to strive for a free nation where all men are equal.Post-readingPost-readingWork in groups.Give a talk about the signif
19、icance of abolishing slavery in the US.1.Organise your ideas by answering the questions.What was the US like before slavery was abolished?How was it different afterwards?In what ways did the abolition of slavery help to break boundaries?Post-readingWork in groups.Give a talk about the significance o
20、f abolishing slavery in the US.What was the US like before slavery was abolished?The US was divided into states in the North that prohibited slavery,and states in the South which allowed slavery and depended upon slavery economically.Slavery was a very cruel institution,and caused great human suffer
21、ing in the states that permitted it.Reliance on slavery also made the South less technologically advanced than the North.Post-readingWork in groups.Give a talk about the significance of abolishing slavery in the US.How was it different afterwards?Slaves were freed and were regarded as equal under th
22、e law,at least in theory.In practice,black Americans continued to suffer great discrimination in the South for the next hundred years,until the birth of the modern civil rights movement in the 1960s.The legacy of slavery continues to affect race relations in the US today.Post-readingWork in groups.G
23、ive a talk about the significance of abolishing slavery in the US.In what ways did the abolition of slavery help to break boundaries?The abolition of slavery made former slaves and their former masters equal before the law.This was the first step towards true equality.Post-readingWork in groups.Give
24、 a talk about the significance of abolishing slavery in the US.2.Do research to find more evidence to support your ideas.3.Give your talk to the class.Post-readingWork in groups.Give a talk about the significance of abolishing slavery in the US.Language pointsV 1.last v（过程、活动、状态）持续；继续（过程、活动、状态）持续；继续
25、Childhood seems to last forever.童年似乎永远不会结束。耐用，持久耐用，持久The car is built to last.这车造得很耐用。adj 最后的；上一个的，最近的；仅剩下的；最终的最后的；上一个的，最近的；仅剩下的；最终的adv 最后；最终；最新；最近最后；最终；最新；最近Language points:Important words 2.dedicate v 把（时间，精力）用于；献（身）于把（时间，精力）用于；献（身）于Language points:Important wordsHe dedicated his life to helping t
26、he poor.他毕生致力于帮助穷人。把把专用于（某课题或目的）专用于（某课题或目的）.volume four is dedicated to bees 第四卷专门论述蜜蜂dedicated adj 献身的；专注的；专用的献身的；专注的；专用的She is dedicated to her job.她对工作专心致志。dedication n 献身；奉献；献词献身；奉献；献词 1.in memory of _ 2.take place_ 3.at a great cost _4.suffer for_ 5.look to _6.set down _为纪念为纪念发生；举行发生；举行以巨大的代价以巨
27、大的代价因因而受罚而受罚/苦苦Language points:Important phrases展望；指望展望；指望制定；写下制定；写下 7.be up to sb to do sth _ 8.step by step _ 9.bring forth _10.be engaged in _ 11.carry on _12.in vain _ 使产生；使出现使产生；使出现参与；从事于；忙于参与；从事于；忙于Language points:Important phrases应由某人做某事应由某人做某事继续；开展继续；开展白白地；徒劳白白地；徒劳逐步地逐步地 1.On a grey afternoo
28、n on 19 November 1863,a tall,thin man mounted a platform in a field in Gettysburg,Pennsylvania and began to speak.Language points:Important sentencesParaphrase:On a dull afternoon on 19 November 1863,a tall,thin man went up onto a platform in a field in Gettysburg,Pennsylvania and began to give a sp
29、eech.这句话是在描述这句话是在描述 Abraham Lincoln 演讲的背景信息，演讲的背景信息，用词正式，烘托出用词正式，烘托出战争后战争后人们及人们及 Lincoln 的的情绪情绪。1.On a grey afternoon on 19 November 1863,a tall,thin man mounted a platform in a field in Gettysburg,Pennsylvania and began to speak.Language points:Important sentences句中句中 grey 既可用来描述既可用来描述天气阴沉天气阴沉，也有，也
30、有 dull 和和unpleasant 的意思，突显出人们的意思，突显出人们沉重、忧郁的心情沉重、忧郁的心情。例如：Why go back to the grey,the dirt,the noise?为什么要回到那种阴郁、肮脏、吵闹的生活中去呢？1.On a grey afternoon on 19 November 1863,a tall,thin man mounted a platform in a field in Gettysburg,Pennsylvania and began to speak.Language points:Important sentencesmount 意
31、为意为“登上；爬上登上；爬上”，常用在较为正式的文体中。，常用在较为正式的文体中。例如：She slowly mounted the steps.她慢慢地爬上台阶。Language points:Important sentences 骑上；乘上骑上；乘上He mounted his horse and rode away.他骑上马走了。逐步增加逐步增加The death toll continues to mount.死亡人数持续增加。组织开展组织开展The gallery mounted an exhibition of his painting.美术馆为他的画作办了一次展览。mount
32、还有以下常见意思：2.But this address to the crowd changed the minds of his people and helped shape a nation.Language points:Important sentencesParaphrase:But this speech delivered to the people who had gathered to hear it changed the minds of people across the country and helped influence the countrys future
33、.address 在本句中作在本句中作名词名词，意为，意为“演讲；演说演讲；演说”。“发表演说发表演说”的常用表达为的常用表达为 deliver a speech/lecture。例如：The president will deliver a speech about the school environment.校长将就学校的环境状况发表演讲。2.But this address to the crowd changed the minds of his people and helped shape a nation.Language points:Important sentencesa
34、ddress 本身也可用作动词，意为本身也可用作动词，意为“做演讲做演讲”。shape 在本句中用作动词，意为在本句中用作动词，意为“塑造塑造”。例如：Like it or not,our families shape our lives and make us who we are.不管喜欢与否，我们的家庭塑造我们的生活并铸就我们的个性。例如：She addressed a conference before leaving for Beijing yesterday.昨天在去北京之前，她在一场会议上发表了演讲。3.Now we are engaged in a great civil wa
35、r,testing whether that nation,or any nation,so conceived,and so dedicated,can long endure.Language points:Important sentencesParaphrase:Now we are involved in a great civil war,and this war will test whether our nation or any other nation that is founded upon the principles of liberty and equality c
36、an continue to exist for long.此句中此句中 testing 是是非谓语动词作定语非谓语动词作定语，相当于定语从，相当于定语从句句 which tests.3.Now we are engaged in a great civil war,testing whether that nation,or any nation,so conceived,and so dedicated,can long endure.Language points:Important sentences句中句中conceived 和和dedicated 是是形容词作定语形容词作定语，修饰
37、，修饰nation,相当于相当于定语从句定语从句 which is so conceived and so dedicated.,其中其中so conceived,and so dedicated是回是回指第一段提到的指第一段提到的conceived in Liberty,and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal，意为意为“孕育于自由之中，献身于人人生而平等的理想孕育于自由之中，献身于人人生而平等的理想”。3.Now we are engaged in a great civil war,testing wh
38、ether that nation,or any nation,so conceived,and so dedicated,can long endure.Language points:Important sentencesconceive 意为意为“构想，设想构想，设想”。例如：Scientists first conceived the idea of the atomic bomb in the 1930s.科学家第一次产生原子弹的构想是在20世纪30年代。3.Now we are engaged in a great civil war,testing whether that na
39、tion,or any nation,so conceived,and so dedicated,can long endure.Language points:Important sentencesendure 意为意为“持续持续”。例如：The city has endured through time.这座城市经受了岁月的洗礼。endure 还可以用作及物动词，意为还可以用作及物动词，意为“承受；忍受承受；忍受”。例如：The company endured heavy financial losses.公司承受了巨大的财务损失。4.We are met here on a great
40、battlefield of that war.We have come to dedicate a portion of it as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live.Language points:Important sentencesParaphrase:We have met together here on a great battlefield of the civil war.We have come to set aside a part o
41、f this battlefield for use as a cemetery for those soldiers who have given their lives to help our nation survive.4.We are met here on a great battlefield of that war.We have come to dedicate a portion of it as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live.Lan
42、guage points:Important sentences句中的句中的 We are met 相当于相当于 we have met，是一种比较，是一种比较古老、有诗意的用法。古老、有诗意的用法。4.We are met here on a great battlefield of that war.We have come to dedicate a portion of it as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live.Language points:I
43、mportant sentences第一个第一个 that 实为实为 so that 引导引导目的状语从句目的状语从句，即，即“为了为了这个国家能够生存下去这个国家能够生存下去”。第二个第二个 that 为为代词代词，that nation 指上文中提到的指上文中提到的 a new nation。4.We are met here on a great battlefield of that war.We have come to dedicate a portion of it as a final resting place for those who here gave their li
44、ves that that nation might live.Language points:Important sentences例如：The company dedicated 100,000 yuan for the project.这家公司拿出10万元专用于该项目。dedicate 在此意为在此意为“致力于致力于，献，献（身身）于于”，还可以表，还可以表示示“将将专用于专用于”之意之意。5.But in a larger sense,we can not dedicate we can not consecrate we can not hallow this ground.Lang
45、uage points:Important sentencesParaphrase:But understanding the words more generally,we can not make this place sacred.in a larger sense 意为意为“从更广泛的意义上来说从更广泛的意义上来说”。例如：In a larger sense,success is the ability to achieve your dreams and goals in each important area of your life,rather than only in edu
46、cation and work.从更广泛的意义上说，成功不单是学习和工作中达成梦想和目标的能力，而是在生活中每个重要的领域达成梦想和目标的能力。5.But in a larger sense,we can not dedicate we can not consecrate we can not hallow this ground.Language points:Important sentences本句中重复用了三次本句中重复用了三次 we can not，旨在加深听众的印象，旨在加深听众的印象，抒发强烈的情感。这种修辞手法称抒发强烈的情感。这种修辞手法称为首语重复为首语重复(anaphora),常用于常用于演讲稿和诗歌演讲稿和诗歌等文学作品中。等文学作品中。HomeworkVIHomework1.Search the Internet to read more about speeches that stress the importance of breaking boundaries.2.Write a journal about what you read.
