1、Unit 2Lessons in lifePeriod FourGrammarReview：passive voice达标检测 当堂检测 基础达标演练语法导学 感悟规律 重点难点剖析内容索引内容索引感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题语法感知语 法 导 学感悟规律 重点难点剖析1.This all changes when he is reunited with his favourite college professor，Morrie Schwartz.2.On discovering that Morrie is being weakened by a s
2、evere illness.3.After finishing it，I feel I have been given a deeper insight into the world and can see things from a different point of view.4.While we are living，we tend to get distracted by unimportant things，such as gathering material possessions.5.Reading this book made me feel as if Id been wo
3、ken up from a long sleep.6.A box of tissues will be needed to get through this book!一般现在时的被动语态由一般现在时的被动语态由“”构成，如句构成，如句1；现在；现在进行时的被动语态的构成是进行时的被动语态的构成是“am/is/arebeing动词的过去分词动词的过去分词”，如句，如句2；现在完成时的被动语态由现在完成时的被动语态由“”构成，如句构成，如句3；“”也可表示被动，如句也可表示被动，如句4；的的被动语态由被动语态由“hadbeen动词的过去分词动词的过去分词”构成，如句构成，如句5；的的被动语态的构
4、成被动语态的构成是是“willbe动词过去分词动词过去分词”，如句，如句6。am/is/are动词的过去分词动词的过去分词have/hasbeen动词的过去分词动词的过去分词get过去分词过去分词过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时语法精析动词的被动语态的构成方式：动词的被动语态的构成方式：be过去分词，口语中也用过去分词，口语中也用“get过去分过去分词词”表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态；强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态用被动语态；强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态(by短语有时可以
5、省略短语有时可以省略)。1.使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题(1)主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.I was given an interesting book(by my friend)on my birthday.(2)主动变为被动时，宾语成主语；主动变为被动时，宾语成主语；(作补语的作补语的)不定式前需加不
6、定式前需加to(位置不变位置不变)。The boss made him work all day long.He was made to work all day long(by the boss).(3)短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴尾巴”。The children were taken good care of(by her).Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.(4)情态动词，情态动词，be going to，be to，be sure to，have to等结构变为被动语
7、态时，等结构变为被动语态时，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be过去分词过去分词。(5)当句子的谓语为当句子的谓语为say，believe，expect，think，know，write，consider，report等时，被动语态有两种形式：等时，被动语态有两种形式：谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。补。用用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。He is said to be a smart boy.It is said that he is a smart boy.Pa
8、per is known to be made from trees.It is known that paper is made from trees.类似句型有：类似句型有：It is said/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thought that.2.不能用被动语态的几种情况不能用被动语态的几种情况(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组都不能用于被动语态之中。所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组都不能用于被动语态之中。(2)表示状态的谓语动词，如：表示状态的谓语动词，如：last，hold，contain，fit，cost等。等。(3)表示归属的动词，如表示
9、归属的动词，如have，own，belong to等。等。(4)表示表示“希望、意图希望、意图”的动词，如：的动词，如：wish，want，hope，like，love，hate等。等。(5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。(6)宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词等，谓语动词不用被动语态。宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词等，谓语动词不用被动语态。3.主动形式表被动意义主动形式表被动意义(1)当当feel，look，smell，taste，sound等后面接形容词时；当等后面接形容词时；当cut，read，se
10、ll，wear，write等带状语修饰语时；当动词表示等带状语修饰语时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启开始、结束、关、停、转、启动动”等意义时。等意义时。The fish smells good.This kind of cloth washes easily.These novels wont sell well.My pen writes smoothly.The door wont lock.(2)当当break out，take place，shut off，turn off，work out等动词表示等动词表示“发生、发生、关闭、制定关闭、制定”等意思时。等意思时。The p
11、lan worked out successfully.The lamps on the wall turned off.(3)want，require，need后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。(4)be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。用主动形式表示被动含义。(5)在在“be形容词形容词to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。被动。This kind of water isnt fit to drink.The girl isnt easy to get along with.
12、注意：注意：be to blame(受谴责受谴责)，be to rent(出租出租)也用主动形式表被动也用主动形式表被动。4.被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况be seated坐着；坐着；be hidden躲藏；躲藏；be lost迷路；迷路；be drunk喝醉；喝醉；be dressed穿着穿着5.被动语态与系表结构的区别被动语态与系表结构的区别此处的系表结构指此处的系表结构指“连系动词用作表语的过去分词连系动词用作表语的过去分词”结构，它与被动语态结构，它与被动语态的形式完全一样。要注意它们的区别：的形式完全一样。要注意它们的区别：被动语态强调动作；系表结构表
13、示主语的特点或状态。被动语态强调动作；系表结构表示主语的特点或状态。She was frightened by the shadow of the tree.(被动语态被动语态)She was frightened of seeing the shadow of the tree.(系表结构系表结构)返 回.单句语法填空单句语法填空达 标 检 测当堂检测 基础达标演练1.If you listen to rap music，you will notice how the lyrics(歌词歌词)_(speak)in the background of the songs.2.They are
14、living with their parents for the moment because their own house _ (rebuild).3.Dont worry.The hard work that you are doing now (repay)later in life.4.After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading，only to be told that it (decorate).are spokenisbeing rebuiltwill be repaidwas being decora
15、ted5.Experiments of this kind (conduct)in both the U.S.and Europe well before the World War.6.Food supplies in the flood-stricken area (run)out.We must act immediately before theres none left.7.Anyone who has helped to save the drowning girl is worth (praise).8.The cottage was so old that it was ver
16、y difficult (keep)up.9.The dictionary is out of date；many words (add)to the language since it was published.10.He was made (do)his homework again by his mother.had been conductedare runningpraisingto keephave been addedto do.完成句子完成句子11.Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular.in many schools
17、around the world.今天汉语越来越受欢迎了。全世界许多学校都在教它。今天汉语越来越受欢迎了。全世界许多学校都在教它。12.in our school last year，and they made our school a beautiful garden.去年我们学校种了许多树和花，使我们学校成了一个美丽的花园。去年我们学校种了许多树和花，使我们学校成了一个美丽的花园。13.A talk on developments in science and technology _ next week.下周将在学校礼堂举行一次关于科学技术发展的讲座。下周将在学校礼堂举行一次关于科学技术
18、发展的讲座。It is taughtMany trees and flowers were plantedwill be given in the schoolhall14.Twelve-year-olds in China.十二岁的孩子在中国不应该被允许开车。十二岁的孩子在中国不应该被允许开车。15.The“Thousand-hand Guanyin”by many people as the best performance at CCTVs Spring Festival Evening.千手观音已被许多人认为是央视春晚的最佳表演。千手观音已被许多人认为是央视春晚的最佳表演。16.The
19、 girl happily in her room.人们经常听到这个女孩在房间里快乐地唱歌。人们经常听到这个女孩在房间里快乐地唱歌。17.It is reported that many at present in the disaster area.据报道，目前灾区正在修建许多新房子据报道，目前灾区正在修建许多新房子。should not be allowed to drivehas been regardedwas often heard to singa new house is being built18.Today，I got a letter that said .今天，我收到一封信，说我被一所大学录取了。今天，我收到一封信，说我被一所大学录取了。I had been admitted to a college返 回本课结束
