1、Section BUsing language.知识体系图解 重点词汇1.n.制服2.n.维持和平(的行动)3.n.维和人员4.n.冲突;摩擦5.v.解除武装batantn.7.weaponn.8.ammunitionn.9.stabilityn.10.professionalismn.uniformpeacekeepingpeacekeeperfrictiondisarm战斗人员武器,兵器弹药稳固,稳定专业水准,专业素质;职业精神重点短语1.放下;镇压;拒绝2.投入;投身于3.把称作,把当作4.为感到悲伤5.keepto6.playarolein7.keeponstandby8.carryo
2、utputdownthrowintoreferto.asfeelsadfor遵守,信守;坚持在中发挥作用待命执行重点语法主谓一致(一)重点句式Thepurposeofdoingthiswastodestroythemoraleofordinarypeopleandstopthemfromsupportingthewareffort.释义匹配1.peacekeeperA.thespecialsetofclotheswornbyagroup2.frictionB.anobjectthatisusedforfightingorattackingsb3.stabilityC.amemberofamil
3、itaryforcewhohasbeensenttohelpstoppeoplefighting4.uniformD.thequalityorstateofbeingsteady5.weaponE.disagreementoralackoffriendshipamongpeoplewhohavedifferentopinionsaboutsth答案:1.C2.E3.D4.A5.B.单句语法填空1.Hisfamily(be)poorandheusedtoworkhardtosupporthisfamily.2.Look!Thosecattle(be)eatinggrassonthehillnow
4、.3.Eachactorandeachactress(be)invitedtoourschoolyesterday.4.Manypeoplesay1,000dollars(be)alotofmoney.5.About70percentoftheearthssurface(be)coveredwithwater.6.Thenumberofthestudentsinmiddleschool(be)increasingyearafteryear.7.All(be)willingtoreachanagreement.wasarewasisisisare重点词汇1.Governmenttroopshav
5、eputdowntheuprising.政府军镇压了起义。(p.29)【词汇精讲】putdown是动词短语,表示“记下,放下;镇压”。IhadpreparedforthemeetingbyputtingdownwhatIwantedfromthem.我已为会议做了准备,写下了我想从他们那里得到的东西。【词汇拓展】putforward提出(意见、建议、观点等);推荐;提前;把(时钟)往前拨putoff推迟;推脱;搪塞putaway存放;存储;把收起来putout熄灭;伸出;出版;打扰putup举起;张贴;建造;为提供住宿putupwith容忍;忍受Dontputofftilltomorrowwh
6、atcanbedonetoday.今日事今日毕。Thefirefightersspent3hoursputtingoutthebigfire.消防员用了3个小时扑灭了大火。Imnotgoingtoputupwiththeirsmokingintheofficeanylonger.我再也不能容忍他们在办公室抽烟了。Iputawaythethingsthatmightprovetobeadangertoachild.我把可能对孩子造成危险的东西收了起来。2.Peacekeepersmonitorthepeaceprocessinareasthathaveexperiencedfrictionand
7、civilwars,makingsurethatpreviouslywarringpartieskeeptotheiragreements.维和人员在经历过摩擦和内战的地区监测和平进程,确保先前交战各方遵守协议。(p.31)【词汇精讲1】friction是名词,表示“冲突;摩擦”。Sarasensedthattherehadbeenfrictionbetweenherchildren.萨拉感觉到她的孩子们中间出现了摩擦。【词汇拓展】cause/createfriction引起摩擦frictionbetween.(and)在之间的摩擦frictionwith和摩擦thefrictionover关
8、于的争执Theresalotoffrictionbetweenmywifeandmymother.我妻子和我母亲之间有很多摩擦。【词汇精讲2】keepto是动词短语,表示“遵守,履行”。Thetouristsinsistonkeepingtotheirplan.旅行者坚持按旅行计划行事。【词汇拓展】keepupwith跟上keepup保持;使不低落keepback隐瞒;保留;阻止keepinmind记住keepawayfrom使不接近/靠近keepoff避开;不接近keepon(doingsth)继续(做某事)Facingdifficulties,theyarenotdiscouragedbu
9、tkeeptheirspiritsup.面对困难,他们没有气馁,而是继续保持斗志。重点句式Thepurposeofdoingthiswastodestroythemoraleofordinarypeopleandstopthemfromsupportingthewareffort.这样做的目的是破坏普通人的士气,阻止他们支持战争。(p.30)【句式剖析】本句中todestroythemoraleofordinarypeopleandstopthemfromsupportingthewareffort是动词不定式短语作表语,解释前面的purpose的内容。Theirpurposeistobuil
10、dafairsocietyandastrongeconomy.他们的目的是要建立一个公平的社会和一个强大的经济体。【句式拓展】不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作。当主语是aim,duty,hope,idea,mistake,plan,purpose,suggestion等为中心词的名词词组,或是what引导的名词性从句时,不定式说明主语的内容。Mychiefpurposeistopointoutthedifficultiesofthematter.我的主要目的是指出这件事的困难。WhatIwouldsuggestistoputoffthemeeting.我建议把会议推迟。【温馨提示】不定式作表
11、语时,一般要带to,但若谓语部分中含有do的各种形式时,符号to可省去。Wevemissedthelastbus.Allwecoulddonowiswalkhome.我们错过了末班公交车。现在我们所能做的就是步行回家。重点语法主谓一致(一)一、名词作主语时的主谓一致1.只表示复数意义的名词people,police,cattle等,形式上是单数,而意义上却是复数,谓语动词要用复数形式。Thepolicearesearchingforatalldarkmanwithabeard.警察正在搜寻一个留着胡子、皮肤黝黑的高个子男人。2.集体名词crowd,family,team,group,gover
12、nment,committee,class,union,firm,staff,public等作主语时,谓语动词的数要根据语言内容而定。强调整体,谓语动词用单数形式,强调各个成员,则谓语动词用复数形式。AsfarasIknow,hisfamilyisabigone.(强调整体)据我所知,他家是一个大家庭。WhenIvisitedthemyesterday,thefamilywerehavingdinner.(强调成员)昨天当我拜访他们时,他们一家人正在吃饭。3.只作不可数名词的集体名词clothing,furniture,baggage/luggage,scenery,jewellery,equ
13、ipment等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。Hisluggageisveryheavy,andheneedssomeonetohelphim.他的行李很重,需要有人帮他一下。Thesceneryofthismountainareaisbeautiful,whichhasattractedmanytourists.这个山区的风景很美,吸引了很多游客。4.单复数同形的名词means,sheep,deer等,据其表达的单复数的意义而定。Allpossiblemeanshavebeentried,butnoneofwhichisperfect.所有可能的方法都试了,但是没有一个是完美的。Everypo
14、ssiblemeanshasbeentriedandtheresultisverygood.每一个可能的方法都试了而且结果非常好。5.只有复数形式的名词goods,clothes,remains等,谓语动词用复数形式。Thegoodsofthestoreareofhighquality.这个商店的货物质量很好。Herclothesarealwaysbeautifulandfashionable.她的衣服总是漂亮而且时尚。6.表示成双成套的名词glasses,trousers,shoes,scissors,gloves等,谓语动词用复数形式。Myshoesdontfitmyfeet,soIhav
15、etobuyanotherpair.我的鞋不合脚,因此我只好再买一双。Herglassessheboughtyesterdayareveryexpensive.她昨天买的眼镜很贵。【温馨提示】表示成双成套的名词前若有pairof,typeof等修饰,谓语动词根据量词的形式而定。Anewpairofglasseswasboughtyesterdayforherbyherfriend.昨天她的朋友为她买了一副新眼镜。二、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 主语谓语动词由and或both.and连接,其内容是复数 复数由or,either.or.,neither.nor.,notonly.butalso.,
16、not.but.等连接就近原则主语后有with,togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas,like,ratherthan,but,except等词或短语时单复数与前面的主语一致 BothJimandhisparentsweresittingintheshadeofalargetree.吉姆和他父母都坐在一棵大树的树荫下。Neitherthestudentsnortheteacherknowsthereasonwhyshebehavedstrangely.学生和老师都不知道她行为怪异的原因。【温馨提示】and与谓语动词的单数(1)由and连接的并列单数主语前若有no,eac
17、h,manya,every等修饰,谓语动词要用单数。Eachteacherand(each)studentwasgivenaticket.每一位老师和学生都得了一张票。Everyhourand(every)minuteisimportantforus.每一小时和每一分钟对我们都很重要。(2)当and连接的两个词指同一个人或物时,谓语动词要用单数。Thewriterandpoetiscomingsoon.那位作家兼诗人很快就要来了。(同一个人,注意poet前无冠词)三、数量概念作主语时的主谓一致1.表示时间、距离、长度、重量等的复数名词短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。Fiveminutesis
18、ntenoughtofinishthiswork.要完成这项工作,5分钟是不够的。2.some,most,rest及分数、百分数等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数根据所代替的名词而定。Mostoftheworkersareagainsttheplan.(指代可数名词复数)大部分工人反对这个计划。Therestofthefreshwaterhasbeenshippedtothecity.(指代不可数名词)剩下的淡水已被送入城中。3.“anumberof+可数名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。但是,“thenumberof+可数名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。Anumberofstuden
19、tshavemadeuptheirmindstotakepartinafter-schoolactivities.许多学生已经下定决心参加课外活动。Thenumberofstudentswhohavemadeuptheirmindstotakepartinafter-schoolactivitiesis120.已经下定决心参加课外活动的学生人数是120。四、不定代词作主语时的主谓一致1.either,each,little,much等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。Eachofthebooksisworthreading.每本书都值得读。2.both,few,many,several等作主语时,
20、谓语动词用复数形式。Bothofthesistersareinterestedinmedicine.姐妹俩都对医学感兴趣。3.all指可数名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;若指不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。Allarepresentatthemeetingtoday.今天所有的人都参加了会议。Alloftheinformationisveryimportant.所有的信息都很重要。4.none指可数名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用单、复数形式均可;若指不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。Noneofthemis/areawareofthedanger.他们没有人意识到危险。五、其
21、他情况作主语时的主谓一致1.单个动词不定式(短语)、动词-ing(短语)或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。ToreadEnglishaloudeverymorningisofgreatbenefittoyourEnglishstudy.每天早晨大声朗读英语对你的英语学习大有裨益。2.当what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时,谓语动词用复数。Whatwebadlyneedaregoodteachers.我们急需的是好老师。3.therebe句型中,be动词的单复数与最靠近它的名词一致。Thereisatableandfourchairsintheroom.房间里有一张桌子和四把椅子。4.定语从句中关
22、系代词作主语与先行词一致。Ourguide,whoisaFrenchCanadian,isanexcellentcook.我们的向导,一个法裔加拿大华人,擅长烹调。5.the+adj./PP指一类人,谓语动词用复数。Theinjuredofthisaccidentarebeingtakengoodcareofinhospitalnow.事故中的伤员现在在医院得到很好的照顾。.单词拼写1.Shewillprobablytakegreatprideinwearingschoolu.答案:uniform2.Pforcesareusuallymadeupoftroopsfromseveraldiffe
23、rentcountries.答案:Peacekeeping3.Fbetweenmovingpartshadcausedtheenginetooverheat.答案:Friction4.Theyouthsweredraggedfromtheircarandsearchedfor(武器).答案:weapons5.Theyhadtomeettheattackwithverylittle(弹药).答案:ammunition6.Thecountryisnowenjoyingaperiodofrelative(稳定).答案:stability.单句语法填空(主谓一致)1.Thedesignonthebac
24、k(show)theyellow-eyedpenguin,oneoftheworldsrarestpenguins.答案:shows2.Notuntiltheearly19thcentury(be)nailpaintschangedintothenailpolishthatweseetoday.答案:were3.98%ofthesurface(be)coveredpermanentlybyiceandstrongwindsdrivenbygravityblowfromthepoletothecoastline.答案:is4.Abouttwomilesawayfrommyhome(stand)a
25、mountainwhichisreallyworthtouring.答案:stands5.Whilerunningregularlycantmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking,cyclingorswimming.答案:is6.Fastfood(be)fulloffatandsalt;byeatingmorefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.答案:is.语法填空A93-year-oldwar
26、herowhosehomewasburglarized(失盗)earlierthisweekgotanothersurpriseonWednesday.“Thefatherofthetwochildren1.brokeintomyhouse,JoseGonzalez,washereandhe2.(apologise),”saidtheoldheroWood.GonzalezstoppedbyassomevolunteersbeganrepairingWoods3.(damage)home.Hesaidhedidntknowwhathadcausedhischildren4.(break)int
27、othehouse.“Iwastellingthem:Wouldyouwantsomebodytodothattoyourgrandparents?”saidGonzalez.“Whethertheyknewitwasanoldergentlemanshouseornot,theywere5.(guilt)ofwhattheyhaddone.”Theboysareaccusedof6.(steal)severalitemsfromWoodshome.“OnlywhenIwentintothatmanshousedidIseewhattheyhaddone,”saidGonzalez.“7.wa
28、sntrightforthemtohavedonethat.”Gonzalezsaidhewantedhissonstobemuch8.(good).“Well,ithelpsmeunderstandhesdoingsomethinginsteadofjustforgettingit,”saidWood.“Hecameinandmadeanapologytomydad9.theirbehaviour,andIthinkitis10.(admire),”saidoneofWoodssons.“Ialsothinkitwastherightthingtodo.”答案与解析:【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙
29、文。文章讲述了Gonzalez为他两个孩子的盗窃行为向93岁战争英雄道歉的故事。1.who/that考查定语从句关系词。分析句子可知thetwochildren后面是一个定语从句,thetwochildren是先行词,指人,在从句中作主语。故填who/that。2.apologised考查时态。分析句子可知,主语he后缺少谓语动词,and前面的谓语动词是was,所以此空应是一般过去时。故填apologised。3.damaged考查过去分词。分析句子可知,Woods(damage)home是一个名词短语,此处缺少一个定语;根据句意可知,Wood的家已被破坏,可以用过去分词作定语,表被动和完成。
30、故填damaged。4.tobreak考查固定短语。causesbtodosth“导致某人做某事,使某人做某事”,是固定短语。故填tobreak。5.guilty考查固定短语。beguiltyof.“对感到内疚”,是固定短语。故填guilty。6.stealing考查固定短语。beaccusedofdoingsth“被指控做某事”,是固定短语。故填stealing。7.It考查形式主语。分析句子可知,tohavedonethat是本句的真正主语,为避免句子头重脚轻,用It作形式主语,形成Itis/was+adj.+forsbtodosth结构。故填It。8.better考查比较级。句意:Gonzalez希望他两个儿子变得更好。much修饰比较级,意为“更”。故填better。9.for考查固定短语。makeanapologytosbforsth为某事向某人道歉,是固定短语。故填for。10.admirable考查形容词。分析句子可知,itis(admire)为主系表结构,此处用形容词作表语。故填admirable。
