1、Section BUsing language.知识体系图解 重点词汇1.n.池塘2.v.播种3.n.智慧4.v.使用,运用5.adj.令人惊叹的n.印象v.印象6.n.表演v.表演n.表演者7.avoidv.8.outstandingadj.pondsowwisdomemployimpressiveimpressionimpressperformanceperformperformer避免杰出的重点短语1.besupposedtodo2.帮助某人某事3.对有好处4.从获取灵感,启发5.寻找某事的解决办法6.形成7.从中学到8.作为而出名应该做,被期望做而没做helpsbwithsthbego
2、odfortake/drawinspirationfromseeksolutionstosthcomeintobeinglearnfrombeknownas重点句式1.NowhereisthisbetterillustratedthaninthebeautifulLingeringGardenofSuzhou.2.Whensolvingadesignproblem,youcansometimeslooktonatureforasolution.重点语法动词不定式作主语、宾语和表语.单句语法填空1.Sometimesyouwillfindithard(make)itonyourown.2.Ido
3、ntknowwhat(do)next.3.Doyouhaveanyquestions(ask)?4.Imhappy(find)manythingsIcando.5.Mychiefpurposeis(help)overcomethedifficultiesyoumeetwith.tomaketodotoasktohavefoundtohelp.选词填空1.Asweallknow,Chinaisnowacountry,andtherearemanyfieldsinthefollowingyears.(developing,todevelop)2.severaltimes,theprofessore
4、xpectsnoonehimduringtheexperiment.(disturbed,todisturb)3.Thoughinpublicisabitdifficultforme,Illtrymybestwell.(performing,toperform)developingtodevelopDisturbedtodisturbperformingtoperform重点词汇1.Visitorsarealsosupposed(explore)itscene-by-scene.游客们也应该一景一景地去探索它。(p.53)【词汇精讲】besupposedtodosth(按规定、习惯、安排等)应
5、当,应该,须Youresupposedtoasktheteacherifyouwanttoleavetheclassroom.如果你想离开教室,应该先问问老师。ThemeetingwassupposedtotakeplaceonTuesday,butwevehadtopostponeit.这个会本应该星期二举行,但我们不得不把它推迟了。【词汇拓展】Isupposeso.我认为可以/是这样。supposedadj.误以为的,所谓的Thisistheopinionofthesupposedexperts.这是所谓专家们的看法。2.Thiscouldvaryfromaviewofapondandth
6、esplashingoffish,toatreeinblossom,apagodaoramoon-shapedgate.这些景致不同,从池塘和跳跃的鱼,到开花的树、宝塔和月亮形状的门。(p.53)【词汇精讲】vary为动词,表示“相异,不同,有别”,常用于短语vary.from.之中,其形容词为various。Thestudentsworkvariesconsiderablyinquality.学生作业的质量参差不齐。【词汇拓展】varywith/from.to./between.and.改变,变动,变化variousadj.不同的,各种各样的varietyn.不同种类,多样性Themenuv
7、arieswiththeseasons.菜单随季节变化。Shetookthejobforvariousreasons.由于种种原因,她接受了这份工作。Weneedvarietyinfood.我们需要多样的食物。3.determinedbythechangesinthepositionofthesun由太阳的位置决定(p.53)determinethebesttimetosowandharvest决定最好的播种和收获时间(p.53)【词汇精讲】determine为动词,表示“决定;影响”之意,同时它还有“查明”的意思。Adateforthemeetinghasdetermined.会议日期已定。
8、Theresultisdeterminedbymanyfactors.结果由许多因素决定。Wesetaboutdeterminingexactlywhathappenedthatnight.我们着手查明那天晚上发生的事情。【词汇拓展】determinedadj.意志坚定的,有决断的determinationn.决心,决定determiningfactors决定因素adeterminedperson一个意志坚定的人Imdeterminedtosucceed.我决心要获得成功。4.Thisapproach,calledbiomimicry,studiesandimitatesnaturesdesi
9、gnsandprocessestoseeksolutionstohumanproblems.这种方法称为仿生学,研究和模仿大自然的设计和过程,以寻求解决人类问题的办法。(p.54)【词汇精讲1】imitate为及物动词,表示“效仿,模仿”。DokidsreallyimitatetheviolencetheyseeonTV?小孩子真会模仿在电视上看到的暴力吗?【词汇拓展】imitationn.模仿,效仿Childrenlearnalotbyimitation.孩子通过模仿学到很多东西。【词汇精讲2】seeksolutionsto寻求解决方法RussianDefenseMinisteristryi
10、ngtoseekpoliticalsolutionstocrisesintheMiddleEast.俄罗斯国防部长正试图寻求解决中东危机的政治办法。【词汇拓展】solvev.解决,解答solutionn.解决办法;答案Thepolicehaventbeenabletosolvethemurderyet.警察至今未能侦破这宗谋杀案。5.Buthowdotheyavoidcrashingintoeachother?但是它们是如何避免互相碰撞的呢?(p.54)【词汇精讲】avoidv.避免,防止;避开,躲避Theaccidentcouldhavebeenavoided.这个事故本来是可以避免的。Iv
11、ebeenavoidinggettingdowntoworkallday.我一整天都刻意不投入工作。【词汇拓展】avoiddoingsth避免做某事avoidableadj.可以避免的avoidancen.避免,回避Wedbetteravoidbeinglateforclass.我们最好避免上学迟到。Manydeathsfromheartdiseaseareactuallyavoidable.许多因心脏病造成的死亡实际上是可以避免的。6.Asalandspecies,howcanweimproveourperformanceinwater?作为陆地的一个物种,我们怎样改进我们在水中的表现呢?(
12、p.54)【词汇精讲】performance为名词,在该句子中表示“表现”;同时,它还有“表演,演出,性能;做,履行”等意。Whenwilltheperformancebegin?演出什么时候开始呢?ItwasanimpressiveperformancebytheChinesevolleyballteam.那是中国排球队一次令人叹服的表现。Hedidntwanttorepeatperformanceofdefeat.他不想重复失败的耻辱。【词汇拓展】performern.表演者,表现者performv.执行,履行;表演;做performwell表现好Hewasapoorperformerat
13、schoolandleftwithnoqualification.他在学校里表现不佳,没有获得毕业证。Thisoperationhasneverbeenperformedinthecountry.这个国家从来没有做过这个手术。重点句式1.NowhereisthisbetterillustratedthaninthebeautifulLingeringGardenofSuzhou.最能说明这一点的莫过于美丽的苏州留园。(p.53)【句式剖析】nowhere是否定词,表示否定意义的词位于句首,后面的句子要部分倒装。如never,seldom,hardly,little,bynomeans,noto
14、nly,notuntil,atnotime,onnoaccount等。Atnotimeareyouallowedtosmokehere.这里绝不允许吸烟。NeverhaveIseensuchabeautifulgirl.我从来没见过这么漂亮的女生。【句式拓展】nowhere和比较级better连用表示最高级的意思。类似的结构还有cant/couldnt.too/enough/more。Nowhereelseintheworldcanonefindabetterplacethanthis,Ithink.我认为世上再也找不到比这还要好的地方了。Icouldntthankyouenough.我对你感
15、激不尽。Icouldntagreewithyoumore.我完全同意你。2.Whensolvingadesignproblem,youcansometimeslooktonatureforasolution.解决设计问题时,有时可以从自然中寻找解决方案。(p.54)【句式剖析】Whensolvingadesignproblem在句中作状语,solving和逻辑主语you之间是主动关系,When和solving中间省略了youare。When(Iwas)walkinginthestreetyesterday,IcameacrossafriendwhomIhadntseensincegruduat
16、ion.昨天走在街上,我遇到了一个自从毕业后再也没见过面的朋友。【句式拓展】带连词的分词短语作状语,如果分词和主句的主语是主动关系则用现在分词,如果是被动关系则用过去分词。使用类似结构常见的连词还有if,unless,while,though等。Ifgoingtherebyplane,wewillpaytwiceasmuch.如果乘飞机去那儿,我们将付双倍的钱。Whilewalkingalongthestreetearlyinthemorning,hesawher.清晨在街上散步时,他看见了她。Eventhoughgiveneveryopportunity,theywouldnottry.即使
17、给予一切机会,他们也不会尝试。重点语法动词不定式一、概念动词不定式是非谓语动词形式的一种。它的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,有时可以不带to。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。在句中不能作谓语,可以作主语、宾语、表语、状语等。二、构成1.不定式的一般式肯定结构:todo否定结构:nottodoBanksactivelyencouragepeopletoborrowmoney.银行积极鼓励人们贷款。Teacherstoldusnottobelateforclass.老师告诉我们上课不要迟到。2.不定式的进行时肯定结构:tobedoing否定结构:nottobedoingTheboypretended
18、tobereading.那个男孩儿假装正在读书。3.不定式的完成时肯定结构:tohavedone否定结构:nottohavedoneSherememberstohaveseenthefilmbefore.她记得之前好像看过这部电影。三、不定式的用法1.不定式作主语当动词不定式作主语时,不定式可直接放在谓语动词前的主语位置,此时谓语为单数;也可用it作形式主语,真正主语就是不定式,置于后边。Tolearnaforeignlanguagewellisnoteasy.学好一门外语不是那么容易。Togetupearlyisnecessary.早起有必要。Itsimportantforyoutowalk
19、aftersupper.晚饭后散步很重要。2.不定式作宾语(1)有些动词用不定式作宾语,常见的这类动词有decide,plan,refuse,need,forget,stop,remember,promise,agree,wish,hope,happen等;有些动词后常跟形式宾语it,todo为真正宾语,这些动词常见的有think,make,find,feel等。Theydecidedtohaveapeacefultalk.他们决定进行和平对话。IhopetovisittheGreatWallagain.我希望下次还能去长城。Herefusedtodomeafavour.他拒绝帮我的忙。Iha
20、ppenedtohavemetherinthepark.我碰巧在公园遇见了她。TheyfounditimportanttolearnEnglishwell.他们发现把英语学好很重要。Ithinkitmyhonourtoworkwithher.我认为跟她一起工作是我的荣幸。(2)一些动词后常用不定式todo作宾语的补足语,表示todo的动作是由宾语所做的;如encourage,ask,tell,want等一些动词。Theteacherencouragedhisstudentstoworkhard.这位老师鼓励他的学生努力学习。Thepoliceaskustoobeythetrafficrules
21、.警察要求我们遵守交通规则。(3)注意一些使役动词let,make,have和感官动词feel,watch,see,hear,notice等动词的主动用法后常用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语,被动需还原出to。Letmehelpyou.让我帮助你吧。Marymadethelittleboycry.玛丽把那个小男孩儿弄哭了。ThelittleboywasmadetocrybyMary.小男孩儿被玛丽弄哭了。3.不定式作表语不定式作表语时通常放在be,become,seem,appear,get,sound,look,grow等系动词后面,不定式是对主语的具体说明,主语通常为dream,busine
22、ss,wish,plan,duty,idea等词,也可以是what等引导的名词性从句等。当然在一些情况下,如主语被不定式修饰时或主语为what引导且带有do的主语从句时等,不定式to可以省略。Mydreamistobeateacher.我梦想成为一名老师。Hisdutyistocleantheroom.他的职责是打扫房子。WhatIsuggestistostartworkatonce.我所建议的是立刻开始工作。Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。.单句语法填空1.Itisexciting(hear)thenews.答案:tohear2.Theyrefused(cooperate)wit
23、hus.答案:tocooperate3.Weallbelieveitimportant(have)freshair.答案:tohave4.Thereareseveraltips(form)agoodhabit.答案:toform5.Hefeelsithisduty(help)me.答案:tohelp6.Hehasnoideahow(deal)withsuchproblems.答案:todeal7.Idbethefirst(admit)Imightbewrong.答案:toadmit8.Thepurposeofeducationis(develop)afinepersonalityinchild
24、ren.答案:todevelop.完成句子1.我建议你累了就休息一下。Mysuggestioniswhenyoufeeltired.答案:tohaveabreak2.妈妈总是让我独立做作业。Idohomeworkbymyself.答案:wasoftenmadeto3.越来越多的人开始意识到健康的重要性。Anincreasingnumberofpeoplearebeginningtheimportanceofgoodhealth.答案:torealise4.爬山是一项好的运动,它对健康有益。Climbingisagoodsport,whichhealth.答案:isbeneficialto5.我认为被邀请在这儿发言是我的荣幸。Ithinkitmyhonourspeakhere.答案:tobeinvitedto
