1、Unit 5Meeting your ancestors 说起木乃伊，人们总会立刻想起埃及。但最近的消息说，秘鲁的一个墓地中也发现了一具女性木乃伊，更与众不同的是，这具木乃伊的手臂等部位上竟然还刻有复杂的文身图案。墓葬中的珠宝是金质的，其他陪葬品也都非常精致考究，考古学家由此推断说，这具女性木乃伊生前应该是一位重要人物。参考词汇：木乃伊 mummies;秘鲁的一个墓地 a Peruvian cemetery;复杂的文身图案 complex tattoo patterns;陪葬品 burials 【写作要求写作要求】必须使用5个句子介绍全部所给的内容。Speaking of mummies,pe
2、ople always immediately think of Egypt.But the recent news goes that a female mummy was also found in a Peruvian cemetery.What is more unusual is that this mummys arms and other parts of the body were engraved with complex tattoo patterns.Its burials of jewellery,gold,and other graved goods were als
3、o very delicate and elegant.The archaeologists infer that this mummy should be an important figure during her lifetime.1.n.可能的选择 adj.供选择的2.n.挨饿；饿死3.n.精确；准确4.v.打断讲话；中止；打岔5.adj.有观察力的；敏锐的；严重的6.vt.假定；设想7.adv.不管；不顾_ _ _ _ _ _ alternative starvation accuracy interrupt acute assume regardless8.v.(使)锋利；尖锐；清
4、晰9.adj.足够的；富裕的10.adj.凌乱的；脏的11.n.分析12.v.使成熟；成熟13.n.意义；重要性；重要意义14.adv.以方式；不知怎么地_ _ _ _ _ _ _ sharpen ample arrest analysis ripen significance somehow15.vt.删；删除16.n.分割；划分；分配；分界线17.v.鼓掌欢迎；赞赏18.v.加速；促进19.vt.逮捕；吸引 n.逮捕；拘留20.adj.有技巧的；熟练的_ _ _ _ _ delete division applaud accelerate messyskilful/skillful1.受够
5、了；饱受；厌烦2.不管；不顾3.至多；最多4.切碎5.向前看；为将来打算6.追溯到7.通向；导致_ _ _ _ _ _ _ fed up with regardless of at most cut up look ahead date back lead to 8.结果_as a result 1.You must be aware that _ here _ we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world.2.We _(excavate)here for many ye
6、ars and its have been excavating that 3.So we think _ is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves,regardless of the cold.4.Our evidence suggests that they did wear clothes _(make)from animal skins.made it 1.assume vt.假定；设想 I falsely assumed that he was familiar with the subject.我错认为他对那题目很熟悉。as
7、sumption n.假设，假定make an assumption 假设，假定on the assumption that 假设，假定assume sb./sth.to be 认为某人/某物是assuming that 假设assume that 设想，假定根据汉语意思，完成英语句子(1)我认为目前的情况将会继续下去。I _ that the present situation is going to continue.(2)尚未证实他有罪，就得假定他是清白的。We _ him to be innocent until he is proved guilty.am assuming must
8、 assume(3)我们大家可以一起走假定其他人不迟到的话。We can all leave together_the others arent late.(4)我想你总是在同一时间起床。I _ you always get up at the same time.assuming thatassume that(5)虽然她病了，却装作快乐的样子。Although she was ill,she _ an air of cheerfulness.(6)假定这是真的，我们现在该怎么办？_,what should we do now?assumed Assuming it to be true 2
9、.sharpen v.使锋利；尖锐，清晰 A workman must sharpen his tools if he is to do his work well.工欲善其事，必先利其器。sharp adj.尖锐的；锋利的；急剧的根据汉语意思，完成英文句子(1)上学之前，我会把铅笔削好。I _ before I go to school.(2)世代居住在城市里使他们磨炼了才智。Generations of urban living _their wits.will sharpen the pencils sharpen(3)培训会使你思维敏捷。The training will _ your
10、 thinking.sharpen 3.applaud v.鼓掌欢迎；赞赏 He was loudly applauded.他受到热烈的掌声欢迎。applause n.鼓掌；掌声根据汉语意思，完成英文句子(1)我们一致赞成你的决定。We all _ for your decision.(2)在梦里，我为你喝彩。In dreams,I _.applaud youapplaud for you(3)他唱得真不怎么样，经常走调，不过我还得鼓掌叫好。He sings terribly,out of tune now and then,but I still _.have to applaud 4.ac
11、celerate v.促进，加速 Sunshine,fresh air and rest often accelerate a persons recovery from sickness.阳光、新鲜空气和休息常会促使病人早日康复。acceleration n.加速；促进 根据汉语意思，完成英文句子(1)我们要加速改革开放的步伐。We should _ and openingup.(2)加速经济发展是我们当前的任务。Our present task is to _economic growth.accelerate the pace of reform accelerate(3)必须抓住一切机
12、遇加快发展。We must seize all opportunities to _ _.a c c e l e r a t e development 1.regardless of 不管，不顾 All our proposals were rejected,regardless of their merits.我们所有的建议都遭到拒绝，不管这些建议的价值如何。根据汉语意思，完成英语句子(1)不管花费多少钱，我都打算买下那本书。Im buying the book,_the cost.(2)尽管以前我们失败过，但仍要坚持下去。We will go on_.regardless ofregar
13、dless of past failures(3)走自己的路，让别人去说吧。Go your own way _ what people say.has been marked out 2.cut up 切碎；使伤心 She was badly cut up when she failed.她失败后感到非常痛心。cut down 砍倒；削减；缩减cut in 插入；插话cut off 切断；隔断；断绝 cut out 剪成；戒掉cut sth.into sth.把某物切成某物根据汉语意思，完成英文句子(1)他在斗殴中被打得遍体鳞伤。He _ in the fight.(2)她似乎仍为那件事感到十
14、分伤心。She _ about it.was badly cut upstill seems very cut up 3.with relief 宽慰地 We all sighed with relief when the plane finally touched down safely.飞机最后终于安全着陆了，我们大家都松了一口气。to ones relief 令人宽慰的是with satisfaction 满意地with pride 骄傲地with patience 耐心地 根据汉语意思，完成英文句子(1)拉拉宽慰地笑了，跟家人在一起实在是太好了。Lala smiled _.It was
15、 good to have her family around her.(2)“好的，”我舒了一口气，“告诉他吧。”“All right，”I said _，“tell him.”with reliefwith relief 4.date back 追溯到 This castle dates back to Roman times.这个城堡可追溯到罗马时代。同义词组有：date from,go back 此外，还有trace back to也可以表示“追溯到某某年代”，一般用人作主语；如果用物作主语，则用被动语态。根据汉语意思，完成英文句子(1)我们两国间的往来可以追溯到上个世纪。The co
16、ntact between our two countries can _ last century.(2)这座教堂的历史可以追溯到13世纪。The history of this church_the 13th century.be traced back todates from/dates back to(3)他的家庭可以追溯到清朝。His family _ the Qing Dynasty.dates from 1.Yes,indeed,as the botanical analyses have shown us,all the fields around here used to
17、be part of a large shallow lake.很对。植物学分析结果明确告诉我们，这儿四周曾经是一个很大的浅水湖。(1)as作“当的时候”，引导时间状语从句。用于表示同一个人的两种动作交替进行，指“一边，一边”。The girl dances as she sings on the stage.表示两个同步发展的动作或行为，译为“随着”。As time went on/by,she became more and more worried.表示两个短促行为或事件几乎同时发生。I thought of it just as you opened your mouth.(2)ass
18、ince,作“既然”、“由于”解，引导原因状语从句，常用来表示已为人们所知或显而易见的原因或理由 As/Since youre not feeling well,you may stay at home.(3)asin the way that,作“像”、“按照的方式”解，引导方式状语从句。He speaks English as Americans do.(4)用于asas或not so/asas中，前一个as是副词，后一个as是连词，引导比较状语从句。They helped the old man as often as possible.(5)作“虽然”、“尽管”解，引导让步状语从句。常
19、用倒装语序，即adj./adv./n.as 主语谓语主句。Tired as they were,they walked on.(6)as引导类比从句，与so 连用，表示“正如所以”。Just as French people enjoy their wine,so the British enjoy their beer.世界与环境世界与环境(读写任务读写任务)环境问题影响着人们的工作，学习，生活等，而我们的工作，生活，生产等又使环境污染越来越严重，如何保护我们的环境成为人们最为关注的话题之一。涉及此话题的读写任务，常常涉及：1.世界范围内环境污染的原因，如水污染越来越严重、砍伐森林严重、大气
20、污染严重、白色垃圾、人口增加等。考生应该意识到最为本质的原因是人类活动。2.环境问题给人们带来的危害，其中包括自然灾害问题。3.如何应对环境问题，政府、个人应该做些什么。以及绿色生活、珍惜水资源、使用再生资源、实现经济可持续发展、创建绿色学校等问题。实用表达：in the long run 从长远看来 greenhouse effect 温室效应water shortage 水资源短缺be unfriendly to the environment 对环境不利ruin the environment 破坏环境litter collection and disposal 垃圾的回收和处理be i
21、n short supply 供应不足make every citizen aware that使每个人都意识到call on the efforts from all sides 号召各个方面做出努力 utilize the natural resources 利用自然资源 sustainable development 可持续发展 Everyone should take the responsibility to protect the environment./Its everyones duty to protect the environment.保护环境，人人有责。raise t
22、he awareness of environmental protection 提高环保意识 conserve natural habitats 保护生存环境 take effective measures;effective measures should be taken/adopted 采取有效措施 take active measures to protect rare animals 采取积极措施保护珍稀动物 environmentfriendly products 环保产品 Gone forever are not only，but永远失去的不仅是，还有 阅读下面的短文，然后按照
23、要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。Science Daily(Jan.31,2009)Scientists from the Complutense University of Madrid(UCM)have selected 262 European observatories which analyzed the series of(minimum and maximum)daily temperatures from 1955 to 1998 to estimate trend variations in extreme temperature events.According to t
24、he study,in Europe days of extreme cold are decreasing and days of extreme heat increasing,from 0.5 to 1 in the average minimum temperature,and from 0.5 to 2 in the average maximum temperature.Continuous rises in annual temperatures in certain areas lead to“changes in the environment and significant
25、 increases in the frequency of values considered extreme temperatures”.To reach this conclusion,the scientists worked with 135 stations with a daily series of minimum temperatures and 127 stations with a daily series of maximum temperatures,located in 34 European countries.During the 44 years of ana
26、lysis,the researchers recorded extreme cold events(between the months of November and March)and extreme heat events(from June to September)noting a slight decrease in days of extreme cold and increase in days of extreme heat.The decrease in days of extreme cold and increase in days of extreme heat a
27、re due to both local and global factors,according to the scientists.Some of them include the heat produced in cities or the change in the general circulation of the atmosphere which directly determines extreme temperature events.Apart from their direct relationship with climate change,extreme temper
28、atures(minimum and maximum)particularly affect human health.【写作内容写作内容】1以约30个词概括短文的内容要点；2以约120个词就“极端天气频繁”的主题发表看法，内容包括：(1)分析极端天气出现的原因；(2)极端天气对人类健康的影响；(3)人类应如何应对？【写作要求写作要求】可以使用实例或其他论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容但不得引用原文中的句子。该篇读写任务所给文章是一则新闻报道，属于说明文文体。文章告诉我们(According to the study)in Europe days of extreme cold
29、are decreasing and days of extreme heat increasing以及这个问题产生的原因The decreaseare due to both local and global factors.Some of them include the heat produced in cities or the change in the general circulation of the atmosphere.所以在进行概括时，我们首先阐述文章所说明的问题，然后再概括原因。正文部分，三个要点所占篇幅部分伯仲。要点(1)和(2)属于现象和影响的分析，属于说明文文体，
30、应该用一般现在时来写。我们要意识到全球变暖是导致极端天气出现的主要原因，所以对于要点(1)“极端天气出现的原因”，我们可以从导致全球变暖的原因的角度来思考，比如：滥伐树木，人类活动大量排放二氧化碳等多种温室气体等。极端天气对某些传染疾病的传播起到推波助澜的作用，极端天气会导致极端高温，对人体健康最直接的影响是发病率和死亡率的升高，这些都是极端天气对人类健康的影响(要点2)。所以我们要减少二氧化碳的排放，植树造林，保护地球的气候，阻止其继续恶化，是我们的共同责任(要点3)。According to the passage,extreme temperatures happen much more
31、 frequent than ever before in European countries.These are largely due to the heat produced in cities and the circulation of the atmosphere.Reasons for extreme temperatures are varied.For one thing,humans activities like burning fossil fuels produce carbon dioxide,which make the globe warmer,causing
32、 the global temperature to go up.For another,peoples cutting down trees that can absorb large quantities of carbon dioxide for furniture also contributes to the warmth of the earth,which gives rise to extreme temperatures.Extreme temperatures can do a lot of harm to peoples health.The heatwave or th
33、e high temperatures can cause stress,worsening of diseases and even death,especially among children and old people.Therefore,to cope with the extreme temperatures,the most effective way is a global effort to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases.Individuals should use less energy,plant more trees and
34、 recycle materials because everyones contribution counts.阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。Lakes,rivers and the air in many places in China are still polluted,some seriously,in spite of continuous efforts to control pollution,a Chinese environmental official said on Tuesday.Zhang Lijun,Deputy Minister of
35、 Environmental Protection，said environmental protection departments across the country should press enterprises harder onpollution control.The quality of the water sampled in almost a quarter of the monitoring stations set up along major rivers and in 28 major lakes averaged at level，which is too po
36、lluted to be used even for farm irrigation,while the air quality of 39.5 percent of 320 cities of prefecture level and above averaged level or worse，according to a document circulated at the meeting.The Ministry of Environmental Protection was considering a policy to deprive polluting enterprises fr
37、om enjoying favorable treatment in subsidies and taxation,usually given by investmentseeking local governments.Last year,156 projects with a total investment of 473.7 billion yuan(US$69.28 billion)failed environmental evaluations due to potentially high energy consumption and pollution emissions，inc
38、luding many chemical and coalburning plants.In 579 projects that passed the evaluation，with a total investment of 2.4 trillion yuan,clean production technology and facilities had been used to ensure the reduction of pollutants,such as sulfur dioxide，Zhang said.【写作内容写作内容】1以约30词概括所阅读短文的主要内容；2以约120词就“经
39、济的可持续发展”发表看法，内容包括：(1)请举例描述许多工厂或企业为了经济利益不顾环保；(2)你对这些工厂或企业的看法；(3)请就“发展经济不应以牺牲环境为代价”展开论述。【写作要求写作要求】作文中可使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容但不得直接引用原文中的句子。_ One possible version:As lakes，rivers and air in most places are still seriously polluted，Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection is considering a polic
40、y to urge the enterprises to take measures to stop pollution.To make a greater profit and save the expenses on environment facilities,many factories go against the law of protecting the environment.Some of them pour dirty waste water directly into rivers,making the rivers not only undrinkable but al
41、so unusable.Others release poisonous gases into the air,causing residents to suffer a lot.In my opinion,economic development should not be at the expense of the environment.Sustainable development should be adopted.Without a sustainable environment,a countrys raw natural resources will be greatly reduced.Furthermore,without a healthy environment,how are people supposed to live?Therefore,stop doing such things as benefit us now but harm us later.We dont want future generations to suffer for our benefit.
