1、Section Grammar Grammar 1不定式画出下列句子中的不定式，并指出其所作的句子成分。示例：The first thing is to greet the teacher.(表语)1Its important to meet friends in person from time to time,not just on social media.()2My mum keeps telling me to go out with my friends instead.()3I tend to set a goal for every subject at the beginni
2、ng of the term.()4My aim is to do well in every subject this term.()5After school，I try to use any possible time to revise the things I have learnt during the day.()6I have so many things to do today.()真正主语宾语补足语宾语表语目的状语定语【自主发现】1不定式是由“_”构成的。2可以在句中作_。不定式符号to动词原形主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语一、不定式的句法功能不定式保留了动词的某
3、些特性，可以有自己的宾语、状语等。不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、宾语补足语、状语或单独使用。1作主语动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：(1)不定式置于句首。To do this is to cut the foot to fit the shoe.这样做是削足适履。(2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后。特别是不定式短语较长时，这样可以避免句子的“头重脚轻”。It is important to master a knowledge of computer.掌握电脑知识很重要。2作表语不定式可放在系动词后面作表语，通常说明或解释主语的内容，也
4、可表示将来的动作。My dream is to become a dancer.我梦想成为一名舞蹈家。(1)同义句转换To get up early is a good habit._ a good habit _It is difficult to speak a foreign language well._ difficult.(2)翻译句子她的工作是打扫这个大房间。_掌握足够多的单词是必要的。_It isto get up earlyTo speak a foreign language well isHer job is to clean this big room.It is ne
5、cessary to remember enough words./To remember enough words is necessary.3作宾语(1)不定式作动词的宾语。下列动词后常接动词不定式作宾语：want想fail 未能seem似乎choose 选择 wish 希望 hope 希望offer 提供 decide 决定 determine 决心long 渴望 arrange 安排 ask 要求refuse 拒绝 promise 答应 manage 设法pretend 假装 expect 期望 afford 承担起plan 计划 agree 同意 prepare 准备I hope t
6、o have a new type of cell-phone.我希望有一部新款手机。My father finally agreed to help us.我父亲终于同意帮我们。(2)it代替不定式作形式宾语。I think it very necessary to protect the animals.我认为保护动物非常有必要。(1)完成句子She _ the exam.她未能通过考试。When I entered the room,he _ me.我进去时，他假装没看见我。(2)同义句转换I find it is hard to work with him.I find _.faile
7、d to passpretended not to seeit hard to work with him4作补足语(1)不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语。不定式作补足语的动词主要有：要求允许提议(ask，allow，permit，advise)；期望邀请鼓励(expect，suppose，invite，encourage)；教导告诉想要(teach，tell，want)；等待希望愿意(wait for，wish，would like/love)。(2)不定式作宾语补足语，在部分感官及使役动词后，用不带to的不定式作宾补，常用的动词有let,make,have,see,watch,notice,
8、observe,look at,listen to,feel等。The teacher had us recite the text every day.老师让我们每天背诵课文。The boss made his men work all the night.老板让他的工人整夜工作。名师指津注意：把上面句子变成被动语态后，不定式成为句子的主语补足语，需带to。The boss made his men work all the night.His men were made to work all the night.用所给词的适当形式填空My mother advised me _(see)
9、a film.The boy was made _(study)all day.He gets his sister _(help)him.His parents dont allow him _(go)out at night.to seeto studyto helpto go5作定语(1)不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后，常表示未发生的动作。I want to get something to read during the vacation.我想找点在假期里读的东西。(2)不定式作定语，有时与前面被修饰的名词逻辑上有动宾关系，如果不定式是不及物动词或所修饰的名词是不定式的
10、地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。He is a pleasant person to work with.和他一起工作很愉快。(3)当句子主语或说话人是动词不定式中动作的发出者时，动词不定式用主动式；当句子主语或说话人不是动词不定式中动作的发出者时，动词不定式用被动式。I have two letters to write today.今天我要写两封信。Im going to the post office.Do you have some letters to be posted?我要去邮局，你有信要寄吗？(4)由only,last,next,序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式
11、作定语。He was the last one to arrive here.他是最后一个到达这里的人。(1)用所给词的适当形式填空He feels sorry,for he hasnt any money _(buy)his wife a new coat.Sir,do you have some clothes _(wash)?The girl is always the first one _(get)to school every day.(2)完成句子The old man is looking for _.这位老人正在找地方住。This is the best way _.这是帮助
12、他的最好方法。to buyto be washedto geta place to live into help him6作状语不定式作状语多表示目的、原因、结果等。表原因、结果时一般不置于句首。I have enjoyed my visit to China.Ill be very sorry to leave.我在中国的访问非常愉快，但遗憾的是我要走了。To reduce air pollution,we should take the public transports rather than the private car.为了减少空气污染，我们应该乘坐公共交通工具，而不是私家车。名师
13、指津不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果，有时在不定式前面加上only。I hurried to the post office,only to find it closed.我急忙赶到邮局，结果发现关门了。完成句子Im sorry _.听到你妈妈病了，我很难过。_,she is working hard.为了赶上别人，她在努力学习。He hurried to the station,only _他匆忙赶到车站，却发现火车已开走了。to hear that your mother is illTo catch up with othersto find that the train had l
14、eft二、“疑问词不定式”结构疑问代词(who，which，what等)和疑问副词(how，when，where等)后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语，在句中可作主语、表语或宾语。I dont know what to do next.我不知道接下来该做什么。How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.如何阻止他们在这条河里游泳是个问题。完成句子He doesnt know _.他不知道该选哪一个。I havent decided _.我还没决定怎样去那里。The map can show you _.这张地图可以告诉你
15、往哪走。which one to choosehow to go therewhere to go三、不定式的否定式将否定词not或never置于不定式之前，即构成not to do 或never to do 的形式。The doctor advised me not to smoke.医生劝我不要抽烟。Father warned me never to drive after drinking.父亲警告我不要酒后开车。完成句子He strongly advised me _.他强烈建议我别这样做。Please tell _the meeting.请告诉他开会不要迟到。not/never to
16、 do sohim not/never to be late for.单句语法填空1My mother taught me _ to play the piano.2I do not know _ to do and where to go.3The best way _(improve)your English is _(join)an English club.4Im beginning _(understand)my Chinese roots，and who I am.5Its also a good idea for parents to allow teenagers _(stud
17、y)in groups during the evening.howwhatto improveto jointo understandto study6Zoos are terrible places for animals _(live)in.7_(be)a winner，you need to give all you have and try your best.8Thank you for giving me the chance _(make)the speech.9Sometimes they have disagreements，and decide not _(talk)to
18、 each other.to liveTo beto maketo talk.语法与写作用不定式短语补全句子1She got up early _.她起得很早，为的就是赶上早班车。2The teacher wanted us _ in our exercise books.老师想要我们把句子抄在练习本上。to catch the early busto copy down the sentences3I arrived at the shop only _ at home.我到商店却发现钱全落在家里了。to find Id left all my money4He is not the kin
19、d of man _.他不可能是做这种事的人。5Its a shame _.那样说话是可耻的。to do such thingsto say like that.语法填空Wang Yuren and Wang Yuquan,two teenagers,are so poor that they suffer a lot in their 1._(life)Being grateful to all kind-hearted people who 2._(help)them financially,they are extremely concerned 3._ their classmates
20、 around them.In their 4._(rent)home,they set up a small library,from 5._ the partners not 6._ can gain much knowledge,but also learn 7._ to get along with each other.liveshave helpedaboutrentedwhichonlyhowWang Yuren and Wang Yuquan often collect 8._(recycle)things from waste in order 9._(help)other poor students.Finally,10._ the help of Wang Yuren and Wang Yuquan,these poor students live in peace,and they are no longer afraid of difficulties before them.recyclableto helpwith
