1、单单词词课课堂堂A word is a microcosm of human consciousness.Vygotsky版本：版本：新北师新北师单元：选择性必修一单元：选择性必修一 Unit 3 (TOPIC TALK LESSON 1)本单元词汇梳理本单元词汇梳理1.conservation构词法：conserve conservation2.plastic词源义“形成的；可塑的”，引申为“塑料的”词块：plastic bags3.destroyde-(down 向下)+struere(build 建，同structure)破坏建筑的结构 毁坏；精准的汉语释义“毁毁坏”4.mining m
2、ine(v)+-ing5.recycle re-(again 再、重新)+cycle(v 循环)再循环 再利用派生词：recycling,recyclable,unrecyclable6.informative inform(通知、了解)+-ative 提供有用信息的、增进知识的 同根词：information7.threat词块：a threat to sth派生词：threaten(threaten to do sth)threatening8.switch精准的汉语释义：“变”和“换”词块：switch from to,switch sth with sb,switch on/off/o
3、ver9.illegallyil-+legal+-ly词族：legal,legally,illegal,illegally10.hunt一词多义：基本义“猎捕”（隐喻思维）派生词：hunter,hunting词块：hunt for a job,go hunting11.extinctex-(向外)+-stinct(刺)拔刺、拔出 连根拔起 灭绝派生词：extinction12.incredibly incredible(adj 难以置信的)+-ly incredibly (unbelievably)13.species 单复数同形词块：endangered species 14.wipe基本义
4、“擦”；词块：wipe out,wipe sth with sth15.unusualun-(not)+usual词块：it is(not)unusual(for sb)to do sth词族：usual,usually,unusual,unusually16.mass词块：a mass of/masses of=a lot of/lots of,mass production,mass media17.varied词族：vary,variety,various,varied18.decrease反义词：increase词块：decrease from to,decrease by19.bla
5、me词块：be to blame,blame sb/sth for(doing)sth,blame sth on sb/sth20.affectaf-(to 去)+-fect(=fact,make 做)对起作用 影响熟词生义：使感动；使感染(疾病)21.endangered en-(make 使)+danger(危险)+-ed词族：danger,dangerous,endanger,endangered22.solar sol(sun 太阳)+-ar 太阳的、利用太阳能的词块：the solar system,the solar calendar,solar energy 23.restore
6、re-(back 回)+store(储存)重新放回储存 恢复、修复重重难难点点词词精精讲讲switch精准的汉语释义精准的汉语释义英语释义英语释义搭配义搭配义mass熟词生义熟词生义搭配义搭配义form词根词根英语释义英语释义辨析义辨析义threat一词多义一词多义blameaffectdamage,destroy,ruin精准的汉语释义精准的汉语释义辨析义辨析义item一词多义一词多义辨析辨析damage,destroy,ruindamage和destroy可谓是形影不离的好朋友，想表达“遭到破坏”到底用哪个词才对呢？我们先来看一篇学生习作。U 损害；损坏；损失损害；损坏；损失 harm o
7、r injury causedwhen sth is broken or spoiled：He was hit by a car and suffered serious brain damage.do/cause damage toThe problem is clear:man has done great damage to his home over the years.2008 全国 C 复数复数 损害赔偿金：损害赔偿金：He was ordered to pay damages of$30,000.damage n 必修二 U5 损害；损坏：损害；损坏：(名词动化）名词动化）Don
8、t damage your health for a good figure.侧重“损损”，可修复damage vt 毁坏；摧毁；毁掉毁坏；摧毁；毁掉 to damage sth so badly that it can no longer be used or no longer exists：The building was completely destroyed by fire.destroy vt 消灭；杀死：消灭；杀死：The dog attacked a child and had to be destroyed.侧重“毁毁”，无法修复destroy=de-(down)+stru
9、ere(build)破坏一栋建筑的结构意味着毁掉这栋建筑“被雨水毁了的头发被雨水毁了的头发”，用哪个词呢？，用哪个词呢？The rain ruined my hair.头发还在，只是“美好的发型”被毁了。在这里，理解英语释义理解英语释义也很重要。destroy:to damage sth so badly that it can no longer be used or no longer exists ruin:to damage sth so badly that it loses all its value,pleasure,etc.糟蹋；糟蹋；(完全地完全地)毁坏毁坏 to damag
10、e sth so badly that it loses all its value,pleasure,etc.：Dont let a small disagreement ruin your friendship.使破产使破产 to make sb lose all his/her money：If she loses the court case it will ruin her.n U 毁灭；破产：毁灭；破产：the ruin of civilization financial ruin C 常用复数常用复数 废墟；遗迹；残余：废墟；遗迹；残余：the ruins of Rome rui
11、n vt 选必一选必一 U2in ruins 成废墟；严重受损：成废墟；严重受损：In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.文化拓展文化拓展意大利的古罗马废墟(the ruins of Rome)，位于斗兽场之旁，是昔日古罗马帝国的中心，是现存世界最大面积的古罗马废墟。这座于公元72年由4万名战俘用8年时间建起来的巨大建筑，虽然毁坏严重，残破不堪，却是人类建筑史上的杰作。它的形状很像今天的体育场，近50米高的外围墙是用砖石砌成的三层石柱拱廊，周围有80个出入口，里面的阶梯式座位能同时容纳5.5万名观众。小结小结运用运用精准的汉语
12、释义精准的汉语释义和和英语释义英语释义区分区分damage,destroy和和ruin。damage 的名词和动词都侧重“损损”，表示可修复，常和badly、seriously等副词搭配；destroy 侧重“毁毁”，表示不可修复，不复存在，常和completely、entirely等副词搭配；ruin 侧重“毁坏毁坏”，使美好的事物失去用途或优良特性，尽管此物仍然存在。头发经常烫、染，容易损伤（damage）头发，需要做护理修复。烫坏、烫焦，头发就毁（destroy）了，只能剪掉。做个美美的发型出门，遇到大雨，头发还在，但发型被毁（ruin）了。item这里的 item 指的是“新新闻闻”“
13、报道报道”的意思，平时我们在阅读英语原版文章时，这两个国外网站，也可以供我们选择。读书破万卷，下笔如有神。外刊文章读多了，写出的文章自然也会非常地道。item n C（表格、目录、数据等的）项目；细目：（表格、目录、数据等的）项目；细目：We have many items to discuss in our meeting today.一件商品一件商品/物品：物品：Can I pay for each item separately?一条一条/一则（新闻）：一则（新闻）：What is the first news item mainly about?threat人工智能是一种工具，而不是一
14、种威胁。人工智能是一种工具，而不是一种威胁。threat n C&U 威胁；恐吓：威胁；恐吓：the threat of violence C常用单数构成威胁的人常用单数构成威胁的人/事物：事物：Pollution poses a threat to the continued existence of this species.U&C常用单数凶兆：常用单数凶兆：There was a threat of typhoon.词汇拓展词汇拓展 threaten v vt 威胁；恐吓；危及到：威胁；恐吓；危及到：Traffic issues not only affect our everyday
15、life,but may also threaten peoples lives.2015 江苏书面表达改threaten to do sth:David threatened to report his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid.2009 上海 vt&vi 预示（预示（的）凶兆：的）凶兆：The dark clouds threatened rain.threatening adj 带有威胁的带有威胁的 必修三 U8 threat+-en(使使)开灯、关灯你会表达吗？开灯、关灯你会表达吗？开灯 _ the ligh
16、t关灯 _ the lightturn onturn off开、关电视如何表达？开、关电视如何表达？开电视 _ the TV关电视 _ the TVturn onturn off词汇科普词汇科普：早期的电器的开早期的电器的开关钮其实是旋转开关关钮其实是旋转开关,多用多用turn,而现在都是平面开关，而现在都是平面开关，多用多用 switch。switch/switch on/switch off/switch on/switch off n C 开关；电闸开关；电闸：turn on/off the light switch 骤变；突变骤变；突变vt&vi 改变；转变改变；转变 to chang
17、e from one thing to another：He switched the conversation from one subject to another.交换；调换交换；调换 to exchange one thing for another：We asked them if they would switch places with us.强调强调“变变”，重在，重在change，常和常和 from,to 搭配搭配强调强调“换换”，重在重在exchange sth for sth elseswitch 名词动词化名词动词化switch off 关上（电灯、电视等）；关上（电灯
18、、电视等）；非正式用语非正式用语 不听；不理睬：不听；不理睬：Have you ever forgotten to switch off the TV or computer?人教新选必 2Thankfully,Ive learned to switch off and let it go over my head.switch on 打开（电灯、电视等）打开（电灯、电视等）：I hear that song whenever I switch on the radio.switch over 改变；转换：改变；转换：Weve switched over to mobile banking.同义异构：同义异构：turn on同义异构：同义异构：turn off switch 语义网络图语义网络图 n 开关开关（基本义）（基本义）强调“变变”v 扳动开关扳动开关名名词词动动化化由开到关，由关到开，由开到关，由关到开，状态瞬间发生彻底改变状态瞬间发生彻底改变由具象到抽象由具象到抽象 switch强调“换换”骤变；突变骤变；突变改变；转变改变；转变交换；调换交换；调换谢谢谢谢观观赏赏
