1、LOREM IPSUM DOLOR SIT AMET,T J B T1.Extinctions,where entire species are wiped out,are not unusual in our Earths history.2.These include the third mass extinction,known as the“Great Dying”,which killed 90%to 96%of all species.3.And the fifth event,which occurred 66 million years ago,caused the death
2、 of the dinosaurs.1.非限制性定语从句中非限制性定语从句中关系词关系词的使用规则；的使用规则；2.非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的与限制性定语从句的异同异同。(1)Beijing,which is the capital of China,has a very long history.(2)This is New York,which I have visited for several times.(3)He seems not to have grasped what I meant,which greatly upsets me.(4)He was
3、late again,which made the teacher very unhappy.注：注：which引导的非限制性定语从句，其引导的非限制性定语从句，其先行词先行词可以是主句中的可以是主句中的一一个名词（指物）个名词（指物），也可以是，也可以是整个句子整个句子；which在从句中可作在从句中可作主语、主语、宾语或定语等宾语或定语等，不可省略不可省略。which指指Beijing，在从句中作主语，在从句中作主语which指指New York,在从句作宾语，不可省略在从句作宾语，不可省略which指前面的整个主句指前面的整个主句,在从句作主语在从句作主语which指前面的整个主句，在从
4、句作主语指前面的整个主句，在从句作主语T J B T(1)Taiwan belongs to China,as is known.(2)Things will turn out contrary to ones wishes,as/which is often the case.(3)As the saying goes,“A years work begins with spring.”注：注：as可以像可以像which 一样引导一个定语从句一样引导一个定语从句修饰整个先行修饰整个先行主句主句，而不是某一个单词，常常可以译为，而不是某一个单词，常常可以译为“正如，正像；正如，正像；这这”。a
5、s是关系词中是关系词中唯一可以置于句首唯一可以置于句首的关系词。的关系词。众所周知众所周知，台湾是属于中国的。，台湾是属于中国的。事与愿违，事与愿违，这这是常有的事。是常有的事。正如正如俗语所说，一年之计在于春。俗语所说，一年之计在于春。(1)The car,_ I paid a lot of money,is now out of date.(2)I suggest you go to a specialist,_ you can get answers to most of your questions.(3)In this chapter,one of our problems is t
6、o discover the principles _ these tests are based.2.介词介词+关系代词关系代词也可引导也可引导非限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句，但在这种定但在这种定语从句中，语从句中，介词通常前置介词通常前置,关系代词也不可省略关系代词也不可省略。for whichfrom whomon which(1)St Petersburg,_ is a very beautiful city,was once called Leningrad.(2)Yesterday I met Li Ping,_ seemed to be verybusy.(3)He came
7、 to the United States in 1914,_World War broke out.(4)Singapore,_ I have lived ten years,is a nice place.(5)The Queen will visit the town in May,_ she will open the new hospital.1.同限制性定语从句一样，同限制性定语从句一样，非限制性定语从句也可非限制性定语从句也可由由关系代词关系代词/关系副关系副 词词引导，但从句中的引导，但从句中的关系词不可省略关系词不可省略，关系代词，关系代词that和关系副词和关系副词why不
8、不可用于非限制性定语从句可用于非限制性定语从句。whichwhowhen wherewhenT J B T(1)Many young people,most of whom were well-educated,headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.(2)This is the house,the window of which broke last night.(3)The people,all of whose homes had been damaged by the flood,were given help by the Re
9、d Cross.3.名词名词/代词代词/数词数词+of+whom/which引导的引导的 非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句。注：注：whose+n.(人人/物物)=the+n.+of whom/which =of whom/which+the+n.Defining relative clausesNon-Defining relative clauses1.I saw the guy who delivers my mail in town yesterday.2.Ill always remember the river where we learned toswim.3.Do you k
10、now the reason why the sky is blue?4.Shes the person whose daughter goes to Harvard.1.Paris,where I spent six months studying,is the most beautiful city in the world.2.The woman down the street,whose children are the same age as yours,invited us over for dinner next week.3.The movie,which is my favo
11、rite comedy of all time,is being shown on TV tomorrow night.which guy?which river?the reason for what?which person?若去掉，句子含义若去掉，句子含义不明确不明确若去掉，若去掉，不影响不影响句句子含义子含义无逗号无逗号与主句隔开与主句隔开有逗号有逗号与主句隔开与主句隔开How Defining relative clauses differ from Non-Defining relative clauses?(1)This is the photo_ I took.(2)This
12、is the pen _ he bought yesterday.(3)She is the woman _ I know.(4)This is the book _ you asked for.(5)Thats the reason _ he is leaving so early.(6)The shed in our garden,_ my father built many years ago,has lasted for a long time.(7)She married Joe,_ surprised everyone.(8)The river,_ is now clean eno
13、ugh to swim in,was polluted several years ago.(9)The author of the book,_ I met at a party last week,proved to be a well-known journalist.Fill in the blanks and compare.(which/that)(which/that)(who/whom/that)(that/which)why whichwhichwhichwhom(1)This is the photo_ I took.(2)This is the pen _ he boug
14、ht yesterday.(3)She is the woman _ I know.(4)This is the book _ you asked for.(5)Thats the reason _ he is leaving so early.(which/that)(which/that)(who/whom/that)(that/which)why(6)The shed in our garden,_ my father built many years ago,has lasted for a long time.(7)She married Joe,_ surprised everyo
15、ne.(8)The river,_ is now clean enough to swim in,was polluted several years ago.(9)The author of the book,_ I met at a party last week,proved to be a well-known journalist.whichwhichwhichwhom引导词对比小结引导词对比小结1)1)关系代词关系代词that不能引导非限不能引导非限制性定语从句；制性定语从句；2)2)非限制性定语从句的非限制性定语从句的关系代关系代词词在任何情况下都在任何情况下都不可省略不可省略；
16、3)3)关系副词关系副词why不引导非限制不引导非限制性定语从句。性定语从句。Fill in the blanks and compare.(1)Charles Smith,who was my former teacher,retired last year.(2)They rely on themselves,which is much better.(3)My sister who works in Shanghai sends me an email almost every day.(4)He is the man whose car was stolen.Charles Smith
17、 去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。他们依靠自己，这样好的多。他们依靠自己，这样好的多。我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。他就是汽车被窃的那个人。他就是汽车被窃的那个人。Translate and compare.Translate the following sentences and compare.Translate and compare.(1)Charles Smith,who was my former teacher,retired last year.Charles Smith 去年退休了，去年退休
18、了，他曾经是我的老师。他曾经是我的老师。(2)They rely on themselves,which is much better.他们依靠自己，这样好的多。他们依靠自己，这样好的多。(3)My sister who works in Shanghai sends me an email almost every day.我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每天我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。都给我发电子邮件。(4)He is the man whose car was stolen.他就是汽车被窃的那个人。他就是汽车被窃的那个人。翻译对比小结翻译对比小结1)1)非限制性定语从句通常译非限制
19、性定语从句通常译成成主句的并列句主句的并列句；2)2)限制性定语从句译成先行限制性定语从句译成先行词的定语：词的定语：“的的 ”。Read the sentences and discuss which word(s)the clauses(in italics)refer to.P55 81.Extinctions,where entire species are wiped out,are not unusual in our Earths history.2.These include the third mass extinction,known as the “Great Dying
20、”,which killed 90%to 96%of all species.3.A 2015 study by scientists who were based at Brown University and Duke University in the US,looked at how quickly species die out due to natural causes 4.If a sixth mass extinction occurs,scientists who have studied the issue believe that up to three quarters
21、 of all species on Earth could die out.5.We need to take steps to save endangered species,including setting up special areas where plants and animals can be protected.Which of the clauses above:(1)give information to identify the person/objects.(_)(2)give extra information about a person or a thing,
22、which can be left out.(_)defining clause 3,4,5non-defining clause 1,2Underline the relative clauses in the sentences and decide if they are defining(D)or non-defining(ND).Translate them into Chinese.P55 9()1.He went to a city where iron was produced in huge quantities.()2.The bus which was full of t
23、ourists stopped near the Leaning Tower of Pisa.()3.Melissa lent me some money,which was very generous of her.()4.The ground is covered with snow and ice,which makes driving very dangerous.()5.I met the famous professor in the hotel,where the meeting was held.DDNDNDND他去了一个大量生产铁的城市。他去了一个大量生产铁的城市。满载游客的
24、大巴车在比萨斜塔附近停下来了。满载游客的大巴车在比萨斜塔附近停下来了。梅利莎借给我一些钱，她很慷慨。梅利莎借给我一些钱，她很慷慨。地面冰雪覆盖，这使得驾驶很危险。地面冰雪覆盖，这使得驾驶很危险。我在酒店遇到了那位著名的教授，会议就在这里我在酒店遇到了那位著名的教授，会议就在这里举行。举行。1.The famous basketball star,_ is an American,came to China yesterday.2.They are always smoking,_,of course,will do harm to their health.3.I bought a car y
25、esterday,_ cost me a lot.4.Xian,_ I visited last year,is a nice old city.5.He will come to see me next July,_ he wont be so busy.6.The school,_ I once studied,was built thirty years ago.7.The boy,_ father is an engineer,is very smart.whichwhichwhowhichwherewhenI I.用适当的关系词填空。用适当的关系词填空。whose.用非限制性定语从句
26、改写下列句子。用非限制性定语从句改写下列句子。1.Mr.Lins son is in New York at the moment.His work takes him all over the world.2.Sue and her friend bicycle to work.It helps them keep fit.3.We will have a picnic in the park this Sunday.The weather may be better on that day.4.They reached Beijing yesterday.A meetingwill be
27、held there.They reached Beijing yesterday,where a meeting will be held.Mr.Lins son,whose work takes him all over the world,is in New York at the moment.Sue and her friend bicycle to work,which helps them keep fit.We will have a picnic in the park this Sunday,when the weather may be better.限制性定语从句限制性
28、定语从句是句中是句中不可缺少的组成部分不可缺少的组成部分，使先行词区别于同类其使先行词区别于同类其他事物；主句和从句之他事物；主句和从句之间间不用逗号不用逗号隔开。隔开。引导词：引导词：关系代词和关系副词，作关系代词和关系副词，作宾语宾语时一些关系代词时一些关系代词可以可以省略省略非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句是是对主对主句先行词的补充说明句先行词的补充说明，没，没有这种从句不影响主句意有这种从句不影响主句意思完整。一般思完整。一般用逗号用逗号把主把主句和从句分开。句和从句分开。引导词：引导词：as,who,whom,whose,which,when,where等，等，不用不用that或或why,不能省略不能省略Complete your own mind map about the attributive clauses.
