1、单单词词课课堂堂A word is a microcosm of human consciousness.Vygotsky版本:版本:新北师新北师单元:选择性必修单元:选择性必修一一 Unit 2(LESSON 3)本单元词汇梳理本单元词汇梳理1.extreme词块:extreme sports,extreme weather派生词:extremely2.entry一词多义,基本义:进入;词块:gain entry into3.academic 词块:academic research,academic year4.ruin词块:in ruins5.skip词源义:jump over;基本义:
2、跳过隐喻:“跳”的动作(具体)“跳”过应做的事情(抽象)6.defensive 构词法:defend defense defensive7.element精准的汉语释义:要素;熟词生义:天气词块:brave the elements8.workout 合成词 work+out9.intensity intense(adj 强烈的)+-ity 10.selfishself+-ish11.countlesscount+-less12.hire 意为“租用”时同义词为 rent,英式英语中短期租用为 hire,长期租用为 rent;美式英语中都用 rent。13.triathletetri-(thr
3、ee)+athlete14.boil 词块:boiled/boiling water,boil down to sth15.enormouse-(=ex-,out)出、向外+-norm-(normal)正规、常规+-ous 超出常规的 巨大的;近义词:huge16.length词族:long,length,lengthen词块:in length,at length17.apart a-(to 到)+part(a side 边)到另一边 分开地词块:(set sb)apart from,be worlds apart,fall apart,tell apart,take apart,tear
4、apart 18.platformplat+form;一词多义,基本义:平(的)台19.injured词族:injury,injure,injured;词块:the injured20.outstanding out+stand+-ing21.average词源:在海运活动中,当船只遇到恶劣天气等危险,往往会抛弃一部分货物以减轻载重,避免船只倾覆。海损由相关各方平均分摊,这在古代西方已经形成惯例。average原本指的就是这种海运货物损失,后又引申出“平均的”、“普通的”之意。词块:an average of,below/above average,on average22.normalnor
5、m-(正规、常规)+-al(形容词词尾)有规范的 正常的派生词:normally,abnormal(ab-否定前缀)词块:it is normal(for sb)to do sth,above/below normal,go back/return to normal重重难难点点词词精精讲讲damage,destroy,ruin精准的精准的汉语释义汉语释义辨析义辨析义apart搭配义搭配义averageskip一词多义一词多义element熟词生义熟词生义搭配义搭配义一词多义一词多义entrynormal一词多义一词多义辨析义辨析义短语动词转化而短语动词转化而来的合成名词来的合成名词合成形容词
6、合成形容词academic英语释义英语释义我们时常会看到下面的汉语标识牌,作为学英语的你,是否想过我们时常会看到下面的汉语标识牌,作为学英语的你,是否想过用英文该怎么表达呢?用英文该怎么表达呢?entryentry n C&U 进入;入场;进入权进入;入场;进入权:No Entry.Thieves had forced an entry into the building.Entry to the museum is free.C 入口处;门口入口处;门口:You can leave your umbrella in the entry.C 记载;条目;项目记载;条目;项目:A pocket
7、dictionary doesnt contain enough entries.2015 湖南a journal/blog entry C 参加比赛的人参加比赛的人/物物:This painting is my entry for the art competition.entry的词源义和基本义是“进入(act or fact of physically entering)”。entry 词源解读词源解读entry 语义网络图语义网络图进入;入场;进入权进入;入场;进入权入口处;门口入口处;门口“进入进入”的动作或权利的动作或权利记载;条目;项目记载;条目;项目“进入进入”比赛的人或作品比
8、赛的人或作品参加比赛的人参加比赛的人/物物“进入进入”某地需要经过的某地需要经过的门或通道门或通道“进入进入”字典或书等需要字典或书等需要查看的信息查看的信息进入进入基本义基本义entryacademic在希腊神话中有一位绝世美女海伦。当她还是一名少女的时候,来自雅典的英雄忒修斯将她劫走。海伦的两个哥哥来到雅典,要求雅典人归还自己的妹妹,并威胁要动用武力。正在这危急时刻,一个名叫阿卡德摩斯(Akademos)的农夫告诉了他们海伦的位置。两兄弟很快就夺回了自己的妹妹。而Akademos也因为使雅典避免了一场战争而成为英雄,得到神灵的庇佑,他的橄榄树林年年丰收。这片橄榄树林也因此得名Akademe
9、ia。后来,哲学家柏拉图在这片橄榄树林里创建了学园。人们将他的学园也称为Akademeia。英语单词academy就来源于柏拉图创建的Akademeia学园。原本专指柏拉图所创建的学园,但后来词义进一步扩充,泛指各种学术研究性机构。词源解读:词源解读:academic 来自academy(学院),词源义为“学院的”。academy n C(必修二必修二U6)(某一领域的)研究院;学会(某一领域的)研究院;学会:Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)专科学校;(尤指音乐、军事)学院:专科学校;(尤指音乐、军事)学院:a police/military academyan
10、 academy of music(美国的)私立学校(美国的)私立学校academic adj常用于名词前常用于名词前 学校的;学院的学校的;学院的 connected with the educational activities of schools,colleges and universities:the office of academic affairs an academic degree/qualification the start of the new academic year 学术的学术的 connected with studying from books,oppos
11、ite to practical skills:academic subjects Being unable to use a computer makes it more difficult for him to do his academic research.2010 湖北 n C 大学教师大学教师 academically adv 学术上;学业上:学术上;学业上:In fact,reading early has very little to do with whether a child is successful academically.2012 上海【知识拓展】你知道你知道AW
12、吗?吗?AW=Academic Words 学术词汇学术词汇指常出现在各学科、学术文章中的词汇,而不是日常谈话所使用词汇。学术词汇相对更正式。日常学习中,我们可以借助学术英语词典,更好地了解、学习学术词汇。academic 学术的学术的辨析辨析damage,destroy,ruindamage和destroy可谓是形影不离的好朋友,想表达“遭到破坏”到底用哪个词才对呢?我们先来看一篇学生习作。U 损害;损坏;损失损害;损坏;损失 harm or injury causedwhen sth is broken or spoiled:He was hit by a car and suffered
13、 serious brain damage.do/cause damage toThe problem is clear:man has done great damage to his home over the years.2008 全国 C 复数复数 损害赔偿金:损害赔偿金:He was ordered to pay damages of$30,000.damage n 损害;损坏:损害;损坏:(名词动化)名词动化)Dont damage your health for a good figure.侧重“损损”,可修复damage vt 毁坏;摧毁;毁掉毁坏;摧毁;毁掉 to damag
14、e sth so badly that it can no longer be used or no longer exists:The building was completely destroyed by fire.destroy vt 消灭;杀死:消灭;杀死:The dog attacked a child and had to be destroyed.侧重“毁毁”,无法修复destroy=de-(down)+struere(build)破坏一栋建筑的结构意味着毁掉这栋建筑“被雨水毁了的头发被雨水毁了的头发”,用哪个词呢?,用哪个词呢?The rain ruined my hair.
15、头发还在,只是“美好的发型”被毁了。在这里,理解英语释义理解英语释义也很重要。destroy:to damage sth so badly that it can no longer be used or no longer exists ruin:to damage sth so badly that it loses all its value,pleasure,etc.糟蹋;糟蹋;(完全地完全地)毁坏毁坏 to damage sth so badly that it loses all its value,pleasure,etc.:Dont let a small disagreeme
16、nt ruin your friendship.使破产使破产 to make sb lose all his/her money:If she loses the court case it will ruin her.n U 毁灭;破产:毁灭;破产:the ruin of civilization financial ruin C 常用复数常用复数 废墟;遗迹;残余:废墟;遗迹;残余:the ruins of Rome ruin vtin ruins 成废墟;严重受损:成废墟;严重受损:In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins
17、.文化拓展文化拓展意大利的古罗马废墟(the ruins of Rome),位于斗兽场之旁,是昔日古罗马帝国的中心,是现存世界最大面积的古罗马废墟。这座于公元72年由4万名战俘用8年时间建起来的巨大建筑,虽然毁坏严重,残破不堪,却是人类建筑史上的杰作。它的形状很像今天的体育场,近50米高的外围墙是用砖石砌成的三层石柱拱廊,周围有80个出入口,里面的阶梯式座位能同时容纳5.5万名观众。小结小结运用运用精准的汉语释义精准的汉语释义和和英语释义英语释义区分区分damage,destroy和和ruin。damage 的名词和动词都侧重“损损”,表示可修复,常和badly、seriously等副词搭配;
18、destroy 侧重“毁毁”,表示不可修复,不复存在,常和completely、entirely等副词搭配;ruin 侧重“毁坏毁坏”,使美好的事物失去用途或优良特性,尽管此物仍然存在。头发经常烫、染,容易损伤(damage)头发,需要做护理修复。烫坏、烫焦,头发就毁(destroy)了,只能剪掉。做个美美的发型出门,遇到大雨,头发还在,但发型被毁(ruin)了。skip v vi 跳;跳过跳;跳过:skip over the fenceShe watched her little granddaughter skip down the path.vi&vt 跳(绳)跳(绳)(AmE jump
19、 rope):vi&vt 略过;遗漏略过;遗漏 to miss the next thing that you would normally read,do,etc.:I skipped over the last part of the book.skip 的词源义和基本义是“跳(过)”(spring lightly,jump over)。skip 词源解读词源解读 vt非正式用语不做(应做的事等);不参加非正式用语不做(应做的事等);不参加 to not do sth that you usually do or should do(miss):If you skip meals,you
20、dont get enough calories,and then you feel tired.She decided to skip the afternoons class.skip a graden C 蹦跳蹦跳skip 语义网络语义网络图图skip跳(过)跳(过)基本义基本义“跳跳”绳子绳子“跳过跳过”应做应做的事等的事等进行进行“跳跳”的的动作动作不做(应做的事不做(应做的事等);不参加等);不参加跳;跳过跳;跳过跳(绳)跳(绳)“跳过跳过”要读要读的部分等的部分等略过;遗漏略过;遗漏elementelement n C 要素;基本部分:要素;基本部分:Sugar is not an important element in bread,but flour is essential.Honesty is a vital element of her success.(化学)(化学)元素元素 复数与复数与the连用连用恶劣天气:恶劣天气:As a nature photographer,I have to brave the elements.谢谢谢谢观观赏赏