1、Unit 1 Cultural HeritageDiscovering Useful Structures Summarize the functions of relative pronouns and adverbs;Learn the difference between restrictive relative clause and non-restrictive relative clause;Learn how to write sentences using relative clauses.Learning Objectives1 Look at the sentences b
2、elow and underline the relative pronouns and adverbs.After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem,and citizens who lived near the dam,the government turned to the United Nations for help.Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece,and then moved and put together
3、again in a place where they were safe from the water.1 Look at the sentences below and underline the relative pronouns and adverbs.Find more sentences containing relative clauses from the text on page 4.1 Look at the sentences below and underline the relative pronouns and adverbs.There comes a time
4、_ the old must give way to the new,.Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics _ were an important part of Egypts cultural heritage.After listening to the scientists _ had studied the problem,and citizens _ lived near the dam,the government turned to the U
5、nited Nations for help.Temples.and then moved and put back together again in a place _ they were safe from the water.Not only had the countries found a path to the future _ did not run over the relics of the past.by UNESCO,_ runs a programme _ prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world
6、from disappearing.whenthatwhowhowherethatwhichthatFill in the blanks with proper relative pronouns and adverbs.Discuss in pairs about the major functions of the relative clauses.Then make a short summary in a table or mind map.关系词关系词词形词形先行词先行词在句中的成分在句中的成分关系代词关系代词who人主、宾whom人宾which物主、宾that人、物主、宾whose
7、人、物定关系副词关系副词when时间词状where地点词状why原因词状Functions of head nounFunctions of relative pronounO-S先行词在主句中作宾语关系代词在从句中作主语I like a teacher who inspires his/her students.O-O先行词在主句中作宾语关系代词在从句中作宾语I like the book(that)you mentioned.S-S先行词在主句中作主语关系代词在从句中作主语He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.S-O先行词在主句中作做主语关系代词在从
8、句中作宾语The man(who)you met is my cousin.e.g.We knew the scientist who had studied the problem.（若把从句去掉，则不明白是哪位科学家。）定语从句定语从句限制性限制性e.g.We knew the physical scientist Hawkins,who had studied the problem.（若把从句去掉，仍然知道是哪位科学家。）在意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省略，所修饰的先在意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省略，所修饰的先行词往往不明确，前面一般没有逗号隔开。行词往往不明确，前面一般
9、没有逗号隔开。往往是对先行词的附加说明，为先行词提供补充信息，即往往是对先行词的附加说明，为先行词提供补充信息，即使去掉，也不会影响先行词的明确性，与主句之间常用逗使去掉，也不会影响先行词的明确性，与主句之间常用逗号隔开。号隔开。非限制性非限制性 在much或all后用that，不用which，作定语从句的宾语时可以省略。例如：There was not much(that)we could do when it was raining.That is all that works.关系代词作动词的间接宾语时，用to或for。例如：Who is the girl that he gave th
10、e flower to?Who is the girl that he gave the flower?无关系代词时，也要用to或for。例如：The lady I wrote the poem for was my sister.正式英语中，介词可置于从句之首，whom或which之前。例如：This is the great writer to whom our teacher was referring.He asked a question to which there was no answer.注意，介词不可置于who或that之前。定语从句的谓语如果是以介词结尾的短语动词，则不可
11、把介词移至从 句之首。例如：He received the email he was looking forward to.2 Rewrite the sentences using relative clauses.明确主句和从句。找到先行词，确定它在主句中的功能。根据先行词和关系代词或关系副词在从句中的功能，确定使用哪个关系代词或关系副词。EXAMPLEI have downloaded that free app,but it doesnt work well.The free app(which/that)I have downloaded doesnt work well.一般出现两
12、次的词就是先行词。2 Rewrite the sentences using relative clauses.1.He showed me a photo in his room.It was a photo of a famous cultural relic in Egypt.The photo _2.The project team helped protect the national parks in the United Republic of Tanzania.It was formed by members from fifteen countries.The project
13、 team _ _3.This temple was first built during the Qin Dynasty.The time _4.We met a professional archaeologist at the entrance to the Great Pyramid.He explained to us the process of building such a difficult structure.The professional archaeologist _ _(which/that)he showed me in his room was of a fam
14、ous cultural relic in Egypt.whose members were from fifteen countries helped protect the national parks in the United Republic of Tanzania.when this temple was first built was during the Qin Dynasty.(who/whom)we met at the entrance to the Great Pyramid explained to us the process of building such a
15、difficult structure.2 Rewrite the sentences using relative clauses.5.The documents about the cultural relics from overseas are under the desk.I found them yesterday.The place _6.Scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple because they wanted to preserve it for the next generation.T
16、he reason _ _where I found the documents about the cultural relics from overseas yesterday is under the desk.why scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple is that they wanted to preserve it for the next generation.3 Work in pairs and play a game of definitions.One asks the questi
17、ons below and the other answers them with relative clauses.Work out two more questions of your own.EXAMPLEA:What is an exit?B:An exit is the door where/through which you can leave a building.3 Work in pairs and play a game of definitions.One asks the questions below and the other answers them with r
18、elative clauses.Work out two more questions of your own.1.Whats a library?(from/in which;where)2.Whats a good friend?(to whom;who)3.Whats a vacation?(during which;when)A library is a place from/in which you can borrow books./A library is a place where you can borrow books.A good friend is someone to
19、 whom you can tell your problems./A good friend is someone who you can tell your problems to.A vacation is a time during which you dont work./A vacation is a time when you dont work.3 Work in pairs and play a game of definitions.One asks the questions below and the other answers them with relative c
20、lauses.Work out two more questions of your own.4.Whats a football coach?(from whom;who)A football coach is someone from whom football players receive training./A football coach is someone who trains football players.A:Whats a giraffe?B:A giraffe is an animal that has a long neck.A:Whats a dentist?B:A dentist is someone who looks after your teeth.Finish the“Using Structures”part on page 62.
