1、Unit 4Space ExplorationDiscovering Useful Structures1.Some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.2.On 12 April 1961,Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.3.First of all,you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degre
2、e.分析上面的句子分析上面的句子:句句1和句和句 2中蓝色部分是动词不定式中蓝色部分是动词不定式用作用作_;句句3中黑体部分是动词不定式用作中黑体部分是动词不定式用作_。【情境探究】【情境探究】定语定语状语状语【要义详析】【要义详析】一、动词不定式用作定语一、动词不定式用作定语1.动词不定式作定语常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置动词不定式作定语常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语定语,表示尚未发生的动作。表示尚未发生的动作。*Let us give him something to eat.让我们给他一些吃的东西。让我们给他一些吃的东西。*We have much homework to do t
3、onight.今晚我们有很多作业要做。今晚我们有很多作业要做。2.作定语的不定式如果是作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词不及物动词,或不定式所修或不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点，工具等，不饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点，工具等，不定式后面需有相应的介词。定式后面需有相应的介词。The Green have a comfortable house to live in.格林一家有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。格林一家有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。3.名词前有序数词和名词前有序数词和 last,next,only，no,all,any等词等词以及最高级修饰时以及最高级修饰时,其后要用动词不定式。其
4、后要用动词不定式。*She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.她是第一个在奥运会中赢得金牌的女性。她是第一个在奥运会中赢得金牌的女性。4.抽象名词抽象名词attempt,ability,chance,desire,determination,decision,plan,way或不定代词或不定代词something,nothing等后面常用不定式作后置定语。等后面常用不定式作后置定语。But Janny has the ability and desire to do useful work.但是詹尼有能
5、力和愿望去做有用的工作。但是詹尼有能力和愿望去做有用的工作。She said she had no plan to go there.她说她没有去那里的打算。她说她没有去那里的打算。Im thirsty,I want something to drink.5.当名词与定语之间存在动宾关系时。当名词与定语之间存在动宾关系时。*I usually have a lot of meetings to attend.我通常有很多会议要参加。我通常有很多会议要参加。*She is a nice person to work with.她是一个很好的合作伙伴。她是一个很好的合作伙伴。6.当名词与定语之间存
6、在主谓关系时。当名词与定语之间存在主谓关系时。*We must find a person to do the job.我们必须找到一个人来做这项工作。我们必须找到一个人来做这项工作。*We need someone to go and get a doctor.我们需要有人去请医生。我们需要有人去请医生。7.当名词与定语有同位关系时。当名词与定语有同位关系时。*We got the order to leave the city.我们接到了离开这个城市的命令。我们接到了离开这个城市的命令。【即学活用】【即学活用】语法填空语法填空(1)The airport _(complete)next y
7、ear will help promote tourism in this area.(2)Do you have anything _(do)tonight?(3)The best way _(improve)your English is to join an English club.to be completedto doto improve即时训练即时训练1(1)单句语法填空单句语法填空The teacher asked us _(finish)our homework.I felt someone _(open)my door.He was the first one _(thin
8、k)of the idea.The manager is the last _(come)to the meeting.to finishopento thinkto come(2)完成句子Please listen to me _.请听我把这首歌再唱一遍。You cant let the child _.你不能让那孩子站在太阳底下。We need someone _.我们需要有人来帮忙干这工作。I am looking for a room _.我正在找一间屋子住。sing the song againstand in the sunto help with the workto live
9、inFocus on Focus on 基本用法基本用法infinitive as adverbial不定式作状语不定式作状语不定式作状语可以表示不定式作状语可以表示目目的的、结果结果或或原因原因等。等。1.目的状语目的状语 He came here to attend an important meeting.他来这儿参加一个重要的会议。他来这儿参加一个重要的会议。He laid down his life to save the child.他为了救这个孩子献出了生命。他为了救这个孩子献出了生命。He shouted and waved in order to be noticed.他喊了
10、一声，挥了挥手，以引起注意。他喊了一声，挥了挥手，以引起注意。Ill write down his telephone number so as not to forget it.我会记下他的电话号码，以免忘记。我会记下他的电话号码，以免忘记。有时为了强调或突出这种目的，也可以用有时为了强调或突出这种目的，也可以用in order(not)to do，和，和so as(not)to do结结构（构（so as to do不可以置于句首）。不可以置于句首）。不定式作目的状语时不定式作目的状语时,其动作通常迟于谓语动词的动作。其动作通常迟于谓语动词的动作。*I said that to encou
11、rage him.我这么说是为了鼓励他。我这么说是为了鼓励他。【名师点津】2.结果状语结果状语 He returned home to learn his daughter had just been engaged.他回家后得知女儿刚刚订婚了。他回家后得知女儿刚刚订婚了。He went home to find his old friend George waiting for him.他到家发现他的老朋友乔治在等他。他到家发现他的老朋友乔治在等他。What have I said to make you so excited?我说了什么使你这么激动我说了什么使你这么激动?不定式作结果状语常
12、与不定式作结果状语常与learn,find,see,hear,make等动词连用。等动词连用。She was so angry as to be unable to speak.她气得连话都说不出来。她气得连话都说不出来。The boy is old enough to take care of himself.这个男孩够大了，可以自己照顾自己。这个男孩够大了，可以自己照顾自己。He hurried to the station,only to find the train had left.他匆匆忙忙赶到火车站，结果却发现火车已经走了。他匆匆忙忙赶到火车站，结果却发现火车已经走了。Im to
13、o tired to stay up longer.我太累了，不能再熬夜了。我太累了，不能再熬夜了。不定式作结果状语常用于以下句型结构：不定式作结果状语常用于以下句型结构：so/such as to do enough to do only to do(常表示意外的或事与愿违的结果常表示意外的或事与愿违的结果)too to do现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别(1)动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果。结果。*Anxiously,she took the dress out of the package and
14、 tried it on,only to find it didnt fit.【名师点津】(2)现在分词作结果状语强调的是一种顺承的现在分词作结果状语强调的是一种顺承的,必然造必然造成的结果。成的结果。*His father passed away,leaving him a little money.3.原因状语原因状语 Im glad to see you.很高兴见到你。很高兴见到你。Sam was very surprised to hear the news.萨姆听到这个消息很吃惊。萨姆听到这个消息很吃惊。I was a fool not to listen to you at tha
15、t time.我真是个傻瓜，当时不听你的话。我真是个傻瓜，当时不听你的话。原因状语原因状语,多见于多见于“sb.+be+adj.+to do.”结构句中。结构句中。*I was very sad to hear the news.听到这个消息我很难过。听到这个消息我很难过。3.结果状语结果状语,多见于多见于“too.to”;“enough to.”;only to do(表示意料之外的结果的发生表示意料之外的结果的发生);so/such.as to(意为意为“如此如此以至于以至于”)结构句中。结构句中。*Im too tired to do well.我太累了做不好。我太累了做不好。*He i
16、s old enough to go to school.他到上学的年龄了。他到上学的年龄了。*He rushed back,only to find the book missing.他冲了回来他冲了回来,却发现书不见了。却发现书不见了。*She is so proud as to look down upon others.她太骄傲了她太骄傲了,看不起别人。看不起别人。4.独立动词不定式多用作插入语独立动词不定式多用作插入语,表示说话人的心理表示说话人的心理状态或对事情的看法。状态或对事情的看法。*Id like to stay healthy,but to be honest,I onl
17、y eat food that tastes good.我想保持健康我想保持健康,但说实话但说实话,我只吃味道好的食物。我只吃味道好的食物。即时训练2(1)用所给词的适当形式填空_(make)it easier to get in touch with us,youd better keep this card at hand.David jumped high enough _(get)the first at the beginning of the sports.Tom kept quiet about the accident so as _(not,lose)his job.He is too eager _(see)you at once.To maketo getnot to loseto see(2)完成句子She is proud _ the competition.她对于参加了比赛感到很自豪。Sometimes,I was too _ so my education suffered.有时候我身体太虚弱了而不能上学，因此我的功课变差了。to have taken part inweak to go to school
