1、Unit 4 History and TraditionsDiscovering Useful StructuresWarming-up Look at the sentences and underline the past participles.In pairs,discuss their functions.Then find more sentences with the-ed form in the text.1.Most people just use the shortened name:“the United Kingdom”or“the UK”.2.They use the
2、 same flag,known as the Union Jack,.3.They had castles built all around England,.attributeattributeattributeobject complementWhen the past participle is used as the object complement,it is often formed with the“have/get/feel/find/.+object+-ed form”.Grammar past participle(过去分词过去分词)过去分词（past particip
3、le）是分词的一种。规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词原形加-ed构成，不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的构成规则，可以参考不规则动词表。过去分词在句子中一般可以用作定语、宾语补足语、表语和状语，但不能单独构成谓语。今天我们重点学习过去分词用作以下两种句子成分的用法：1.过去分词作定语 2.过去分词作宾语补足语 过去分词作定语过去分词作定语一、意义及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成。及物动词的过去分词表示被动和完成a polluted river 一条被污染的河流the watered flowers 浇过水的花不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成，
4、不表示被动fallen leaves 落叶the risen sun 升起的太阳Grammar 过去分词作定语过去分词作定语二、位置单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在所修饰词的前面A watched pot never boils.谚语心急锅不开。过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句The lady dressed in white is Lisa.The lady who is dressed in white is Lisa.穿白衣服那个女士是丽莎。Grammar 过去分词作定语过去分词作定语三、过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别 意义 形式语态时态例句过去分词被动完成T
5、he bridge built in 2013 was designed by a local company.2013年建造的这座大桥是由一家当地公司设计的。现在分词主动进行As we all know,China is a developing country.众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。Grammar 过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语一、过去分词作宾语补足语与宾语的关系过去分词作宾语补足语与宾语有着动宾关系，宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。He watched the TV set carried out of the room.他看着电视机被搬出了房间。Last yea
6、r they had the house rebuilt.去年他们让人重建了房子。Grammar二、接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词（短语）1.表示感觉或心理状态的动词（短语），如：see,watch,observe,find,look at,hear,listen to,feel,notice,think等。I heard the song sung in English.我听到有人用英语唱这首歌。When we got to school,we saw the door locked.当我们到学校时，看见门锁着。Grammar 过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语2.表示“致、使”意义的动
7、词，如：have,make,get,keep,leave等。He wants to have/get his eyes examined tomorrow.他明天想去检查眼睛。They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English.他们用了很简单的英语以使别人听懂。Dont leave those things undone.要把那些事情做完。Grammar二、接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词（短语）过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语“have+宾语过去分词”可以表示三种含义：表示“让某人做某事”Ill
8、have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要去理发。表示“遭遇某种不幸；受到打击”He had his wallet stolen.他的钱包被偷了。表示“做某事（主语可能参与其中）”I had my house repaired last week.上周，我修补了房子。重点讲解Grammar二、接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词（短语）过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语3.表示“意愿、要求、命令等”的动词，如：like,want,wish,expect,order等。The manager ordered the work finished at the end of this
9、 week.经理要求在本周末完成这项工作。The teacher doesnt wish such questions(to be)discussed in class.老师不希望在课堂上讨论这样的问题。Grammar二、接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词（短语）过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语 过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语三、“with+宾语过去分词”结构在“with+宾语过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词 with的宾语补足语，这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。With water heated,we can see the steam.水一被加热，我们就会看
10、到水蒸气。She stood in front of him,with her eyes fixed on his face.她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他的脸。With every problem settled,he began to think of a journey.解决所有的问题之后，他开始考虑旅行。GrammarExercise1.Complete the phrases in the right column by using the past participles in the left column.Past Participles as the Attribute(1)ti
11、red visitorsa well-organised tripbeautifully dressed starsPast Participles as the Attribute(2)visitors _ of the long wait/.a trip _ well by my workplace/.stars _ beautifully at the event/.tiredorganiseddressed1.单个的过去分词作定语时，一般前置；过去分词短语作定语时，则后置。2.过去分词是像well-organised这样的复合形式，或前面有副词修饰时，一般放在被修饰词前面作前置定语。类
12、似的还有：state-owned company、hand-made gifts、beautifully written characters等。规则总结 2.Read the sentences and underline the-ed form as the object complement.1.Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square,where we could get our car battery charged.2.When we finally reached
13、the service desk to ask for audio guides,we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left.3.We found ourselves very surprised by the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery.4.Judy had her eyes fixed on Van Goghs Sunflowers.It was hard to app
14、roach the painting as there were so many people around.5.She had a copy of the painting boxed to ensure that it was delivered safely.Exercise 3.Rewrite the sentences with past participles as the attribute,and then see whether you can write a little story with them.1.Loch Ness was surrounded by beaut
15、iful natural landscape,which made it look amazing.2.Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family who offered them bread with butter and honey that was homemade.3.The familys ancestors once attended to soldiers who were wounded in the First World War.4.The young people were attracted by the leg
16、end of Loch Ness.They watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars,which were positioned on the hill.Exercise1.Loch Ness surrounded by beautiful natural landscape looks amazing.2.Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family who offered them homemade bread with butter and honey.3.The
17、 familys ancestors once attended to wounded soldiers in the First World War.4.The young people attracted by the legend of Loch Ness watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars positioned on the hill.Exercise 3.Rewrite the sentences with past participles as the attribute,and then see whet
18、her you can write a little story with them.A visit to Loch Ness If you are tired of the city,Loch Ness is a good choice for you.Last week Carl and his friends paid a visit to it.On arriving there,they found that Loch Ness surrounded by beautiful natural landscape looks amazing.During the day,the you
19、ng people attracted by the legend of Loch Ness watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars positioned on the hill.At night they stayed with a generous family who offered them homemade bread with butter and honey.At the same time,the family also shared their story with them,whose ancestor
20、s once attended to wounded soldiers in the first World War.For Carl and his friends,its not only an interesting trip,but an educational chance to know more about the history of another place.Exercise 3.Rewrite the sentences with past participles as the attribute,and then see whether you can write a little story with them.Suggested Answer
