1、新课标人教版课件系列高中英语选修选修(模块）模块）9-9-4.4 How much do you know about plants?Warming up Do you know that?1.some plants do not have flowers?For example pine trees,cypress trees,ferns,mushrooms.With these plants,the seeds are not contained inside a fruit.Flowering plants have seeds that are contained inside fru
2、it.2.some plants have roots that live in the air?For example,mangrove trees live in wet conditions and have roots that grow up from the mud into the air to absorb oxygen(See Picture A,the mangrove tree).Other plants that have aerial roots are plants such as some ferns,some orchids and climbers in ra
3、inforests that use their roots to attach themselves to other plants.Their roots not only attach the plant to the tree but also absorb water from the air(See Picture D,the birds nest fern).3.some plants eat meat?They get their food from animals by trapping insects that land on them,killing them and t
4、hen digesting their bodies with chemicals.Picture B shows an insect-eating plant called a Venus flytrap.When the hairs on the leaves are touched by an insect,the two parts of the leaf snap together and trap the victim.4.some plants need animals to pollinate them?They have developed flowers with diff
5、erent characteristics to attract particular animal pollinators such as bees,flies,butterflies,birds,bats,beetles,and moths.Plants that do not have flowers need other ways of making sure that they are pollinated,for example,corn,grasses and many trees depend on the wind or water to transport pollen f
6、rom one plant to another.5.some plants grow on other plants?They use their roots to attach themselves to another plant.Some use their roots to absorb water from the air(See Picture D).Plants like this are different from parasitic plants that actually live on another plant and get their food from the
7、 host.6.plants are adapted to live in specific environments?For example,plants that live in the tropics are adapted to living in a hot wet climate.Picture C shows palms that live in tropical climates.Plants that are used to cold conditions cannot necessarily live in hot conditions.7.people buy plant
8、s that come from other countries for their gardens?People tend not to think about where the plants in their pots or gardens come from.In fact,many come from other countries,for example,tulips from southern Europe and Turkey,carnations from southern Europe and Greece,evening primroses from North Amer
9、ica,daffodils from the Mediterranean area,Crane flower from South Africa,daisies and violets from Europe,etc.8.a new plant does not always grow from a seed?New plants often grow from underground roots or stems,for example,the bamboo makes new plants by sending up new shoots from underground stems.St
10、rawberry plants and many grasses and some ferns send out stems that run along the top of the ground and new plants grow along these stems.Other plants,like the daffodil,make new plants from bulbs.New plants can also grow from stems that have been cut from a plant.some special plants Do you have a co
11、urtyard or some pot plants on your balcony?Do you know where these plants come from?Are they Chinese plants or do they come from another country?Pre-reading When you last visited a public garden,did you look at the individual plants there?Were there any plants from other countries?How do you think p
12、lants have traveled from one country to another?Joseph Banks 1768-1771Dr Nathaniel Ward http:/ Dr.Nathaniel Bagshaw Ward(1791-1868)For an individual who influenced the modern world so greatly,surprisingly little is know about Dr.Nathaniel Ward.Born in London,Ward developed an early interest in the n
13、atural world,despite his urban surroundings.It is believed he was sent to Jamaica when he was thirteen,where he may have developed his interest in tropical foliage.He practised as a physician in the East End of London(some records suggest that he was a surgeon)and pursued his interests in botany and
14、 entomology in his spare time,and when on vacation in Cobham,Kent.The Wardian caseRobert Fortune(1812-1880)represented the Horticultural Society of London(now the Royal Horticultural Society)as a collector in China shortly after the Treaty of Nanjing had brought the Opium War to a close.Through his
15、use of the Wardian case,Fortune was able to introduce many of the best-known Chinese garden plants into cultivation in Europe and North America.Pre Paul Guillaume Farges(1844-1912)Pre Paul Guillaume Farges(1844-1912)French missionary and naturalist.Born at Monclar-de-Quercy,Tarn-et-Garonne.He was se
16、nt to China in 1867 and remained stationed in north-east Sichuan until 1903.Although he had always nurtured an interest in the local flora and fauna,it was not until 1892 that he started to collect herbarium specimens in earnest.During the eleven years before he moved south to Chongqing,he collected
17、 and preserved over 4,000 specimens.Dove TreeErnest Henry Wilson(1876-1930)Scan the title of the reading passage and the pictures,then predict what it is about?Plant Exploration in the 18th And 19th centuriesReading Main idea The reading text is about the exploration for plants in the 18th and 19th
18、centuries.It gives examples of plant collectors who were well known during that time and the challenges that faced them.Find the answers to questions like the following:What is an exotic plant?A plant that comes from another country.What was the name of Lieutenant James Cooks ship?The Endeavour Why
19、did James Cook call the bay where his ship stopped Botany Bay?Because it was the bay that Joseph Banks collected many new botanical specimens.Why were the sealed glass containers called Wardian cases?Because they were named after the person who invented them-Nathaniel Ward.What were the names of the
20、 people mentioned in the text who collected plants in the 18th and 19th centuries?Father dIncarville,Sir Joseph Banks,Robert Fortune,Father Farges,E H WilsonDetailed reading:Try to get the main idea of each paragraph:Para 1:explains when plant collecting began.Para 2:describes when and where plant c
21、ollecting began on a large scale by Europeans.Para 3:talks about French Catholic missionaries who collected plants in China in the 18th century.ComprehendingPara 4:is about the famous British plant collector,Sir Joseph Banks,who collected many new plants in Australia.Para 5:explains the problems of
22、keeping plants alive on long trips.Para 6:describes an experiment carried out by Dr Nathaniel Ward who invented a glass case in which to transport plants on long journeys.Para 8:is about Father Farges,a French Catholic missionary who collected plants in China in the 19th century.Para 7:is about Robe
23、rt Fortune,a British plant collector who made several trips to China in the 19th century.Para 9:Describes how many European plant collectors,such as E H Wilson,went to China so that new plants could be introduced to gardens in the West.Structures:Part I:Para1-2 the beginning ofplant collecting Part
24、II:Para3-4 the explorationof plants in the 18th centuryPart III:Para 5-7 the invention and use of Wardian casePart IV:Para 8-9 the exploration of plants in the 19th centry TimePeople/plantsHistoric EventsIn 1500 B.CFather dIncarvillesent ships to gather plants,animals and other goodsthe Queen of Egy
25、ptin the 1740swas sent to Beijing Comprehending tree of Heaven seedscollected plants in AustraliaIn 1784the Tree of Heaven treeIn 1751arrived in EnglandIn 1769Sir Joseph Bankswas introduced into North AmericaIn 1833shipped two cases of British Plants to SydneyRobert FortuneDuring the second half of
26、the 19th centurywere sent to China from FranceNathaniel Ward1843-1859made several trips to Chinamany Catholic missionariesFather Fargescollected a large quantity of the seeds of the Dove Tree in ChinaIn 1897sent seeds of Dove TreeFrom China to FranceIn 1899E H Wilson Answer these questions in groups
27、.1 Why was there a lot of plant collecting in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries?Europe had become interested in scientific discovery and the European middle classes took great interest in collecting new plants at this time.2 How did French missionaries come to be plant collectors?They valued t
28、he study of the natural sciences and many of them knew a lot about plants and animals.3 3 What were some of the negative aspects of plant collecting expeditions?Negative aspects included disease,near-starvation,severe environment,conflicts with the local people,plants dying during long trips or seed
29、s failing to grow after long trips,pirates,bad weather(like thunder storms),not knowing the local language and customs,etc.4 Transporting plants over long distances was a big problem.Why was this?It was hard to keep them alive during long trips.5 Why did many plants fail to reach their destinations
30、alive?Can you think of any other reasons?It was hard to keep them alive during long trips.The seeds of many plants failed to grow after long trip:plants were not looked after properly during the trip.For example,one plant explorer lost his plants when they were watered with sea water.Other reasons i
31、nclude lack of fresh water,wrong environmental conditions,for instance,incorrect temperatures,salty air,and lack of sunlight and rain,etc,if the plants were transported inside the ship or train.6 What improved the survival rates of plants transported long distances?It was the invention of the Wardia
32、n case.Suggested answer to Exercise 4:4Peach TreeChrysan-themumRed DatesAdvantages for trade1 very sweet fruit1 travels well1 medicinal plant2 will sell well3 will grow easily2 many varieties3 grows anywhere4 garden flower2 for poor appetite3 easy to prepare4 grows anywhereDisadvantagesDis-advantage
33、s for the voyage Trees need much water,warmth and protection on ship can carry a few but costs high must not dry out must separate varieties profit low for each but many can be taken need space must separate varieties many can be taken profit reasonable Discovering useful words and expressions Compl
34、ete the sentences with suitable words or expressions from the text.1 I love going on walks and looking at plants.In fact,I think Ill study _ at university.2 He speaks Spanish with great _ though he is not good at writing it.Learning about language1botanyfluency 3 The palace we are going to visit tom
35、orrow _ the 19th century.4 In the centre of the block of flats there is a small _ where I can plant some flowers.5 There are too many cars on the roads.I think there should be _ restrictions on car numbers.dates back to courtyardtight Complete the paragraph with new words from the reading text.The t
36、hought of another trip of thousands of miles on the high seas certainly did not _ to me,but there was no other way to get the _ to the _ islands of the Pacific.We were unable to do any traveling across countries as there were too many _ by many of the governments and we could not move freely across
37、borders.We had so many _ that they had to be _ packed on the ship.There was not much room left for the crew.2appealgoodsdistantrestrictionscontainerstightly These crowded conditions resulted in a lot of _ and several fights.However,the worst part of the trip was sailing through a wild _,in which the
38、 rain did not stop for two days.After three months at sea,we finally arrived and lowered the _ in the harbor of our destination.We were dirty and had long beards,for we had no fresh water to wash in and we didnt _ at all.What a sight we were!conflictsthunderstormanchorshave Rewrite these sentences u
39、sing to or for with the indirect object.1 Can you give me one kilo of ripe peaches?Can you give one kilo of ripe peaches to me?2 Send me your report on irrigation as soon as youve finished it._ _.Revising Useful structures1 Send your report on irrigation to me as soon as you have finished it.3 He sh
40、owed me the weeds so that I wouldnt pull out his new seedlings._ _.4 My cousin brought me some spears from Papua New Guinea._ _._ _.He showed the weeds to me so that I wouldnt pull out his new seedlings My cousin brought some spears for me from Papua New Guinea My cousin brought some spears from Pap
41、ua New Guinea for me 5 I buy my fish fresh seaweed every month as its an important part of their diet._ _._ _.6 Susan handed him the string so he could tie up the box._ _.I buy fresh seaweed for my fish every month as its an important part of their diet I buy fresh seaweed every month for my fish as
42、 its an important part of their diet Susan handed the string to him so he could tie up the box Complete the sentences using the-ing form or the infinitive of the verb as the object.Use the words in brackets to help you.1 Barbara learned _ when her uncle came to visit her family last summer.(ride/hor
43、ses)2 I enjoy _ _,though I dont quite understand what they are about.(read/cartoons)2to ride a horse reading these cartoons from foreign countries 3 Jim and Mandy both denied _ _.(see/car key)4 I expect _ this year.(spend/holidays/France)5 Charlie regretted _.(invite/Joseph/party)6 Jack finally agre
44、ed _ _.(apologize/broken spade)having seen/seeing the car key(s)to spend my holidays in Francehaving invited/inviting to apologize to us for the broken spade Each sentence below contains one mistake.Find the mistake and correct it.1 Could you begin by telling what you were doing at 9:30 on the eveni
45、ng of the 13th April?2 My parents suggested to postpone our visit to the pyramids because we didnt have enough time to see them before we left Egypt.3 Please stop interrupting to me when Im explaining something.3mepostponingme when Im 4 In the morning the hunter showed me the way how to get to the t
46、rack down the mountain.5 He admitted me that he had done something wrong.6 I will report them the kind of monument we are planning to build for the soldiers.howto get the waytotoListening and discussing on P.36Using Language In groups,look carefully at the photos of the plants and answer the questio
47、ns.1 How would you describe each plant?What do you think is unusual about each plant?2 One of the pictures shows pitcher plants and another shows“living stones”.Which picture shows which plant?The name of the plant in the other picture is Rafflesia.1living stoneRafflesiapitcher plantsNow listen to M
48、ark,Gordon and Andrea telling their class about these plants.Which student talks about which plant?Plant ABCStudents nameName of the plantMarkPitcher plantLiving stones or LithopsGordonRafflesia arnoldiiAndreaUNUSUAL PLANTTH:Today Mark,Gordon and Andrea are going to tell us about some unusual plants
49、.Mark,do you want to go first?M:Sure.Today,I want to talk about an insect-eating plant called a pitcher plant.Listening textHeres a photo of it.Look at this part here.Its shaped like a pitcher.Its actually a leaf even though it looks like a flower.Its really clever-the insects are attracted by the s
50、weet smell coming from what they think is a flower.But its a trap.Once an insect goes down into the pitcher,it cant get out as there are small hard hairs pointing downwards that prevent it from escaping.In the end,the insect falls down into a pool of liquid at the bottom of the pitcher and gets dige
