1、第二部分第二部分 重要语法重要语法名师名师指津指津代词就是用来代替上文中已提及的人代词就是用来代替上文中已提及的人或物的词，在上下句或上下文中起语义之或物的词，在上下句或上下文中起语义之间的衔接作用，所以代词非常适合在语篇间的衔接作用，所以代词非常适合在语篇中进行考查，这也就不难解释为什么代词中进行考查，这也就不难解释为什么代词几乎每年必考了。此处只归纳在句中作主几乎每年必考了。此处只归纳在句中作主语或宾语的代词，这类代词七年中共考了语或宾语的代词，这类代词七年中共考了8道题。道题。代代 词词u请做下列广东高考真题：请做下列广东高考真题：1.(2012)Mary will never forg
2、et the first time she saw him.He suddenly appeared in class one day,wearing sunglasses “Do you need those glasses for medical reasons?”the teacher asked.The new boy shook his head.“Then Id appreciate it if you didnt wear them in class.I like to look at your eyes when Im speaking to you.”真题再练真题再练The
3、new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered what the boy would do.Then he took _ off,gave a big smile and said“That is cool”.思路点拨：思路点拨：them 句子句子took后缺少宾语，应后缺少宾语，应填代词；根据语境可知，要求填的代词是指前文填代词；根据语境可知，要求填的代词是指前文的的those glasses，是指代物、又是复数、作宾语，是指代物、又是复数、作宾语，故填宾格代词故填宾格代词
4、them。2.(2011)Behind him were other people to whom he was trying to talk,but after some minutes _ walked away and sat near me,looking annoyed.思路点拨：思路点拨：they 在并列谓语在并列谓语walked away and sat的前面显然缺主语，作主语要用代词；的前面显然缺主语，作主语要用代词；根据上下文，不难推出走开坐到根据上下文，不难推出走开坐到“我我”附近的应附近的应是他后面的那些人，即是他后面的那些人，即other people，指人，是，指人，
5、是复数，作主语，应当填复数，作主语，应当填they。3.(2011)I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus.I sat next to the man and introduced myself.We had an amazing conversation.He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home.Im glad I made a choice.It made _ of us feel good.思路点拨：思路点拨：
6、both 因因made后缺宾语后缺宾语,用代用代词词;由上文由上文“I sat next to the man We(I and the mentally disabled man)had an amazing conversation”可知可知,指作者和那指作者和那个智障人个智障人“两个人两个人”，故填，故填both。4.(2010)He asked his teacher，“Sir，the water was awful.Why did you pretend to like_?”思路点拨：思路点拨：it 及物动词及物动词like(喜欢喜欢)后缺宾语后缺宾语,应填代词的宾格形式；指前面提到
7、的应填代词的宾格形式；指前面提到的“水水(the water)”，应填，应填it。5.(2009)Jane was walking round the department store.She remembered how difficult _ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.思路点拨：思路点拨：it 在及物动词在及物动词remembered后的后的how引导一个宾语从句；引导一个宾语从句；how difficult(多么难多么难)是是作形容词作表语，这里提前了；动词作形容词作表语，这里提前了；动词was的前
8、面的前面显然缺主语，应填代词；由句式结构可知，填显然缺主语，应填代词；由句式结构可知，填it,在宾语从句中作形式主语，真正的主语是在宾语从句中作形式主语，真正的主语是to choose。6.(2009)She did not hesitate for long:although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while,she knew that this was a present which was bound to please_.思路点拨：思路点拨：him 给父亲买礼物，根据常识给父亲买礼物，根据常识应是使父亲高兴，作应是使父亲高兴，作
9、please(使高兴使高兴)的宾语用宾的宾语用宾格人称代词，故填格人称代词，故填him。7.(2008)It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty(9601279)was very anxious to help his rice crop grow up quickly.He was thinking about _ day and night.思路点拨：思路点拨：it 因介词因介词about后缺宾语，应填后缺宾语，应填代词；由句意或前后逻辑可知，应填代词；由句意或前后逻辑可知，应填it，指代前，指代前文中的文中的(how
10、)to help his crop grow up quickly。8.(2007)I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused_.思路点拨：思路点拨：her 因因(that)I had caused是定是定语从句，先行词是语从句，先行词是trouble,代表先行词代表先行词trouble的的关系代词关系代词that在从句中作宾语，被省略了；由搭在从句中作宾语，被省略了；由搭配配cause sb.trouble(=cause trouble for sb.给某人给某人造成麻烦造成麻烦)可知，填可知，填her。年份年份
11、答案答案具体考点具体考点题数题数201302012them人称代词宾格人称代词宾格12011they人称代词主格人称代词主格2both不定代词作宾语不定代词作宾语2010it指代前面的物指代前面的物12009it形式主语形式主语2him人称代词宾格人称代词宾格2008it指代前面的事指代前面的事12007her人称代词宾格人称代词宾格1考情分析考情分析除除2013年外，每年年外，每年12题，七题，七年年8道题中，人称代词道题中，人称代词6题，不定代题，不定代词词1题，形式主语题，形式主语(it)1题。题。1.纯空格的语法填空题，当句子缺主语或宾纯空格的语法填空题，当句子缺主语或宾语时，填代词。
12、因为在句中充当主语或宾语的语时，填代词。因为在句中充当主语或宾语的应是名词或代词，而在语法填空的纯空格中是应是名词或代词，而在语法填空的纯空格中是不要求考生填名词的，所以只要句子缺少主语不要求考生填名词的，所以只要句子缺少主语或宾语，就该填代词。或宾语，就该填代词。解题技巧解题技巧 从上述考点分析，我们知道，重点考查人称从上述考点分析，我们知道，重点考查人称代词，其次是不定代词以及作形式主语或形式宾代词，其次是不定代词以及作形式主语或形式宾语的语的it。解这类题时注意以下几点：解这类题时注意以下几点：2.在确定填代词后，再根据语境，弄清所在确定填代词后，再根据语境，弄清所缺主语或宾语具体指代上
13、文或下文中的具体内缺主语或宾语具体指代上文或下文中的具体内容，结合上述几种代词的不同意义和用法，确容，结合上述几种代词的不同意义和用法，确定填具体哪个代词。在选择代词时，我们要从定填具体哪个代词。在选择代词时，我们要从人称、性别、数量等方面进行考虑，是指代人人称、性别、数量等方面进行考虑，是指代人还是指代物，是男还是女，是单数还是复数。还是指代物，是男还是女，是单数还是复数。3.熟记一些习惯的搭配，如熟记一些习惯的搭配，如someothers,those who,by myself等。等。代词在语法填空中是通过纯空格形式来考代词在语法填空中是通过纯空格形式来考查的，从往年的高考题来看，代词的考
14、点主要包查的，从往年的高考题来看，代词的考点主要包括以下几方面：括以下几方面：1.人称代词人称代词在句中作主语用主格：在句中作主语用主格：(单数单数)I,you,he,she,it；(复数复数)we,you,they；作宾语用宾格：（单数）作宾语用宾格：（单数）me,you,him,her,it；(复数复数)us,you,them。考点归纳考点归纳2.反身代词反身代词(至今未考至今未考)在句中作宾语；或者作主语或宾语的同位在句中作宾语；或者作主语或宾语的同位 语语,起强调作用，但不能单独作主语，相当于起强调作用，但不能单独作主语，相当于“亲自；本人亲自；本人”：(单数单数)myself,you
15、rself,himself,herself,itself;(复数复数)ourselves,yourselves,themselves。3.名词性物主代词名词性物主代词(至今未考至今未考)相当于相当于“形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词+名词名词”，在句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语：中作主语、宾语、表语：(单数单数)mine,yours,his,hers,its;(复数复数)ours,yours,theirs。4.在句中作主语或宾语的不定代词在句中作主语或宾语的不定代词表示两者或多者的有表示两者或多者的有both,either,neither,all,any,none；复合不定代词有；复合不定代词有
16、anything,anyone,anybody,something,someone,somebody,nothing,nobody等；替代词有等；替代词有it,that,one,those等。等。5.指示代词指示代词(至今未考至今未考)主要有主要有this,these,that,those等。等。6.it的用法的用法(1)指前面已提到的事物、想法或情况等。指前面已提到的事物、想法或情况等。(2)指时间、天气、距离、环境等。指时间、天气、距离、环境等。(3)作形式主语或形式宾语。作形式主语或形式宾语。(4)用于用于it isthat强调结构。强调结构。注：注：1.形容词性物主代词和作定语时的不定
17、形容词性物主代词和作定语时的不定代词等，我们将其归纳在代词等，我们将其归纳在“限定词限定词”一章之中。一章之中。2.引导名词性从句的连接代词和引导定语从引导名词性从句的连接代词和引导定语从句的关系代词也都可以在句中作主语和宾语，但句的关系代词也都可以在句中作主语和宾语，但我们将其归纳在连词一章。我们将其归纳在连词一章。u 一、单句填空一、单句填空1.(2013浙江卷浙江卷)Half of _ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friends to share their deepest wishes and
18、darkest fears.those 作介词作介词of的宾语，应填代词；由句意可知，的宾语，应填代词；由句意可知，是指在是指在16个国家所调查的个国家所调查的“那些人那些人”中有一半中有一半说他们首先去找最亲密的朋友分享他们内心深说他们首先去找最亲密的朋友分享他们内心深处的愿望和恐惧；指处的愿望和恐惧；指“那些人那些人”，用，用those。实战演练实战演练 2.(2013天津卷天津卷)At our factory there are a few machines similar to _described in this magazine.those 作介词作介词to的宾语，应填代词；后面的
19、的宾语，应填代词；后面的described in this magazine是过去分词作定语，是过去分词作定语，所填代词应替代复数名词所填代词应替代复数名词the machines，即这本，即这本杂志中所描述的机器，故填杂志中所描述的机器，故填those。3.(2013四川卷四川卷)The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than _ on the small ones.that 在连词在连词than后应填代词，作主语；替后应填代词，作主语；替代前面不可数名词代前面不可数名词the traffic。4.(2013山东卷
20、山东卷)Ive lived in New York and Chicago,but dont like _ of them very much.either 作作dont like的宾语，应填代词；指的宾语，应填代词；指这两者中这两者中“任何一个任何一个”都不喜欢。都不喜欢。5.(2013陕西卷陕西卷)Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years,she lost _ of her enthusiasm for life.none 作作lost的宾语，应填代词；指代不可数的宾语，应填代词；指代不可数名词名词ent
21、husiasm(热情热情)中的中的“一点也没有一点也没有”,用用none。6.(2013课标卷课标卷II)Its an either or situationwe can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do_.both 作作do的宾语，应填代词；由的宾语，应填代词；由or可知，只能可知，只能是两者中任选一种，不能做这两件事，即部分是两者中任选一种，不能做这两件事，即部分否定，是否定，是notboth。7.(2013江西卷江西卷)_can be good at something for 40 years
22、if he doesnt love it.Nobody 缺主语，填代词；由缺主语，填代词；由he可知是指可知是指人，由句意可知是指人，由句意可知是指“没有任何人没有任何人”。8.(2013安徽卷安徽卷)This project requires close teamwork._will be achieved unless we work well together.Nothing 缺主语，填代词；由句意缺主语，填代词；由句意“这项这项工作需要团队合作。如果我们不一起把工工作需要团队合作。如果我们不一起把工作做好，就不会有所成就作做好，就不会有所成就”可知，填可知，填nothing。9.(20
23、12辽宁卷辽宁卷)If youre buying todays paper from the stand,could you get _ for me?one 在在get后作宾语后作宾语,应填代词应填代词;指代指代“a/an+单数可数名词单数可数名词(a paper)”,应填应填one。10.(2012全国卷全国卷I)Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him,but _ of them wants to,because they have work to do.neither 在在but后的分句中作主语，应填代后的分句中作主语，应
24、填代词；由词；由but可知，可知，Bill 和和Peter两个人都不两个人都不想去，指想去，指“两者都不两者都不”，用，用neither。11.(2011安徽卷安徽卷)Surprisingly,Susans beautiful hair reached below her knees and made_ almost an overcoat for her.it 作作made的宾语，应填代词；指代前面的宾语，应填代词；指代前面的不可数名词的不可数名词the hair，用，用it。12.(2011福建卷福建卷)We have various summer camps for your holid
25、ays.You can choose _ based on your own interests.one 作作choose的宾语，应填代词；指根据的宾语，应填代词；指根据你的兴趣，在各种夏令营中选择一种，即你的兴趣，在各种夏令营中选择一种，即指代指代“a summer camp”，用，用one。13.(2011上海卷上海卷)To stay awake,he finished a cup of coffee and ordered _.another 作作order的宾语，应填代词；指的宾语，应填代词；指代代“另外一杯另外一杯”，用，用another。14.(2011北京卷北京卷)The emp
26、loyment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase_.it 作作increase的宾语，应填代词；指代前面的的宾语，应填代词；指代前面的the employment rate，代替，代替“the+单数名词单数名词”，表示，表示“同一同一”件事或物时，用件事或物时，用it。15.(2011江西卷江西卷)Why dont you bring _ to his attention that youre too ill to work on
27、?it 作作bring的宾语，应填代词；作形式宾的宾语，应填代词；作形式宾语用语用it，真正的宾语是后面的，真正的宾语是后面的that从句。从句。16.(2011山东卷山东卷)The two girls are so alike that strangers find _ difficult to tell one from the other.it 作作find的宾语的宾语,应填代词应填代词;作形式宾语作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式真正的宾语是后面的不定式to tell，故，故填填it。17.(2011天津卷天津卷)We feel _our duty to make our count
28、ry a better place.it 在在feel后作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后后作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式，故填面的不定式，故填it。18.(2013茂名二模茂名二模)Then I realized I didnt even know her name.I asked all of my professors but _knew her name.nobody 因因but后的并列句中缺主语后的并列句中缺主语,应填代词；应填代词；根据前面语境根据前面语境,根据转折根据转折but可以推出可以推出:“我我”问问了了“我我”的所有教授，但是没有人知道她的名的所有教授，但是没有人知道她的名
29、字。故填字。故填nobody。19.(2012惠州二模惠州二模)I smiled a big smile and_ worked a little,really.it 因因and后的并列句中缺主语，应填代词；由句后的并列句中缺主语，应填代词；由句意或前后逻辑可知，应填意或前后逻辑可知，应填it，指代前文中的，指代前文中的I smiled a big smile。20.(2012深圳二模深圳二模)Have you ever lived abroad?When living overseas in a place where people speak a different language,_c
30、an be difficult to make yourself understood even in relatively simple but important areas of life,like shopping and getting around town.it 由于由于can be的前面缺主语的前面缺主语,应填代词应填代词;由句式由句式结构可知结构可知,填填it,在宾语从句中作形式主语在宾语从句中作形式主语,真正真正的主语是后面的不定式的主语是后面的不定式to make yourself understood even。21.(2012茂名一模茂名一模)She then tol
31、d me it was because she loved me and you hug people when you love them.So she opened her arms wide and timidly I opened _ and we hugged.mine 在在opened后作宾语，应填代词；由句意后作宾语，应填代词；由句意或前后逻辑可知作者也打开双臂，替代或前后逻辑可知作者也打开双臂，替代my arms应填名词性物主代词应填名词性物主代词mine。22.(2010深圳一模深圳一模)“Sir,you didnt even ask the other riders for
32、 help,why?What if I had saidno and left you there?”the horseman asked.The old man looked at him straight in the eyes and said,“I looked into their eyes,I found they didnt care,which told me it would be useless,but when I looked into _,I saw kindness.”These words touched the rider deeply.yours 代替代替yo
33、ur eyes。23.(2007广州二模广州二模)I patiently walked to the library,took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax_.myself 因因relax oneself意为意为“放松自己放松自己”。24.(2008广州一模广州一模)At that moment an attractive young lady,who noticed my book,came up to me and introduced _.herself 因因introduce oneself 意为意为“自我介自我介绍
34、绍”。25.(2013广州二模广州二模)Suddenly,a monkey came down from a nearby tree,snatched the book from my hand and took _ away,along with my bag which contained all my belongings.it 替代前面的替代前面的the book。26.(2014肇庆期末肇庆期末)In fact,micro blog _ is of little harm.itself 反身代词作反身代词作micro blog的同位的同位语。语。27.(2012珠海二模珠海二模)Bu
35、t its a tiring job.I have to work whenever there are dogs at home,and no time to enjoy_.myself 因因enjoy oneself 是固定搭配，表示是固定搭配，表示“玩得愉快玩得愉快”之意。之意。28.(2013佛山一模佛山一模)Ma knows _ the dogs names,and when she calls ones name,the dog instantly knows she is referring to it.all 根据前文马文迪有六条狗和后文根据前文马文迪有六条狗和后文when s
36、he calls ones name，说明她都能叫得出，说明她都能叫得出这六条狗的名字。这六条狗的名字。29.(2014广州调研广州调研)However,his fame was not accompanied by money and he found _ necessary to return to farming.it 这里的这里的it作形式宾语，后面的不定式是作形式宾语，后面的不定式是真正宾语。真正宾语。u二、语篇填空二、语篇填空 We were 1._ busy preparing for the opening ceremony of the coming sports meeti
37、ng these days.This morning,2._ held a meeting,discussing about buying a class uniform for the performance at the ceremony.We reached a quick agreement on the design but 3._ was terribly difficult to decide on its color.allwe itSome students advised red while 4._suggested blue.After a long discussion
38、,we gave up 5._,choosing white instead.In the afternoon,our headmaster recommended three online shops to 6._.Unfortunately,the T-shirts in the first shop were a little expensive and 7._ in the others were of poor quality.others bothus those Since the opening ceremony was around the corner,we seemed
39、to have no choice but to choose one of 8._.Finally,we made a bargain with the boss of the first shop.9._ agreed on our price,as well as offering two free ones for our teachers,which surprised us greatly.There was no doubt that he became a friend of 10._after the excellent buy.We could hardly wait fo
40、r the performance!themHe ours思路点拨思路点拨 运动会前的讲话。运动会前的讲话。1.all 充当充当we的同位语，一般放在系动词后，实的同位语，一般放在系动词后，实义动词前。义动词前。2.we 充当主语用主格形式。充当主语用主格形式。3.it 作形式主语，代替后面的动词不定式。作形式主语，代替后面的动词不定式。4.others 习惯搭配：习惯搭配：some others一些一些人人另外一些人另外一些人。5.both 指代前文中的红色和蓝色。我们放弃了指代前文中的红色和蓝色。我们放弃了上述两者。上述两者。6.us 作介词作介词to的宾语。的宾语。7.those 指代同类事物。另外两家的指代同类事物。另外两家的T-shirts质量质量不好，复数用不好，复数用those。8.them 从三家中选择一家，从三家中选择一家，them指代前文出现过指代前文出现过的的three shops。9.He 指代前文中的网店掌柜指代前文中的网店掌柜the boss，主语用主，主语用主格。格。10.ours 习惯搭配习惯搭配a friend of ours。
