1、L14 A noble gangster Han Jiajia gangster n.歹徒,强盗 eg.a band of gangsters 一伙强盗 robber n.抢劫犯,抢劫者 thief n.盗贼 hooligan n.流氓，无赖 hand n.帮,团伙 eg.a band of robbers 一伙强盗 gang n.一伙 eg.a gang of thieve mob n.一群（表示贬义色彩的团伙、帮派）eg.a mob of hooligans 一伙流氓 s protection n.保护 eg.protection money 保护费 protect vt.保护 prote
2、ctfrom eg.We must protect our eyes from the sunshine.protector n.保护者 protege n.被保护者 protective adj.保护的 promptly adv.准时地 eg.I give him a ring and he call me back prompty.He was so sleepy that he went to sleep promptly.on time 准时in time 及时 punctual adj.守时的 punctually adv.守时地 destroy v.毁掉;消灭 destroy n.
3、强调毁灭,消灭,完全的摧毁 eg.The earthquake destroyed the city.You destroyed his dream.damage n./v.受损程度不很严重,可以被修复 eg.The big clock was damaged.break v./n.强调弄坏,弄断 eg.Two of the strings were broken.spoil v.强调把事情搅和了 eg.spoil the party/spoil the holiday remarkable adj.不寻常的（同意词：unusual,uncommon,extraordinary）eg.a re
4、markable event,an extraordinary event 不同寻常的事件 outstanding adj.突出的，杰出的，卓越的 eg.Our headmaster is an outstanding youth.distinguished adj.杰出的,卓越的,不同非凡的 eminent adj.显赫的,杰出的,有名的,优良的 Florence n.佛罗伦萨(意大利城市)又名翡冷翠（徐志摩首译），百花之城欧洲文艺运动的发祥地 hire v.租出,雇给 hire out 出租 eg.Does this firm hire out cars?rent v.租,租借,出租 n.
5、租金 rent out 租给,雇给（主要强调出租房屋）eg.He rent out his house to a tourist.hire from,rent from 租进来 eg.He hired a car from us.I rent a room from Mrs.Johnson.dedicate v.奉献,题献给（dedicate to）dedicate sth to sb eg.He dedicated his first book to his mother.dedicate 献身,奉献（比devote更为正式而庄重）dedicateto sth eg.I devote my
6、time to helping my students.He dedicated his life to his motherland.He dedicated his life to science.memory n.纪念;记忆,记忆力 in memory of=to the memory of 为了纪念 in sbs honor=in honor of sb 为纪念某人,eg.We held a party in his honor.=we held a party in honor of him.eg.You have a good memory.If my memory serves
7、me well,youre Tom.如果我没有记错的话。valiant adj.英勇的（强调非常勇敢）eg.During the war,soldiers were valiant.brave adj.勇敢的 eg.The boy is brave.fearless adj.大无畏的,无所畏惧的 eg.We are fearless in time of danger.courageous adj.有胆量的,有勇气的 There was a time when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago had to pay large sums
8、 of money to gangsters in return for protection.pay large sums of money to sb in return for 目的是为了换取,作为对的回报 eg.He gave me some books in return for my help.when 引导状语从句修饰time eg.There was a time when mini skirt was in fashion.If the money was not paid promptly,the gangsters would quickly put a man out
9、of business by destroying his shop.promptly=immediately put sb/sth out of.使某人失去 eg.You are putting me out of patience.You have already put everything out of order.Put it out of your mind.忘记这件事情吧。You are putting me out of patience by disturbing me.Obtaining protection money is not a modern crime.obta
10、ining=getting As long ago as the fourteenth century,an Englishman,Sir John Hawkwood,made the remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters.as long ago as 追溯回到（=dating back to=dating from）eg.I knew Jane as long ago as the year 1
11、980.would rather do.than do.宁愿而不 eg.He would rather die than surrender.I would rather play tennis than swim.would prefer to do.than do.would prefer doing.to doing.-He would prefer to die than surrender.-He would prefer dying to surrendering.Six hundred years ago,Sir Johan Hawkwood arrived in Italy w
12、ith a band of soldiers and settled near Florence.settle v.settler Cn.settlement Un.He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto.made a name for himself=become famous eg.They soon made quite a name for themselves as pop e to=get to 渐渐的 come to be known 渐渐被人所熟
13、知-I come to be known to my students.-I got to know him.Whenever the Italian citystates were at war with each other,Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to princes who were willing to pay the high price he demanded.at war 交战 /at war with 于交战 In times of peace,when business was bad,Hawkwood and his men
14、would march into a citystate and,after burning down a few farms,would offer to go away if protection money was paid to them.in time of peace 在和平期间 march into 大踏步行军 burn down 烧毁/burn up烧光/burn out 烧空-The house was burned out only walls left.房子被了只剩下墙壁。would offer to go away=would promise to go away Ha
15、wkwood made large sums of money in this way.In spite of this,the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero.in spite of this=despite this 尽管如此 regard-as=consider-to be When he died at the age of eighty,the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had a pictured which was dedicated to the memory of the most valiant soldier and most notable leader,Signor Giovanni Haukodue.give sb a state funeral 给某人举行国葬 be dedicated to the memory of sb
