1、New words and expressions:operation n.手术手术successful adj.成功的成功的following adj.下一个下一个patient n.病人病人alone adj.独自的独自的exchange n.（电话的）交换台（电话的）交换台inquire v.询问，打听询问，打听certain adj.某个某个caller n.打电话的人打电话的人relative n.亲戚亲戚1.operation,prein n.手术,运转,操作 I had an operation on my heart.我做了一次心脏手术。bring/putinto operat
2、ion=come into operation实施实施(法律，计划等法律，计划等)、运作运作(机械等机械等)、开始运转、开始运转operate preit v.1)操纵,操作(机械等),运作,运转=control,run e.g operate the lift 2)经营,管理=run,manage e.g operate a company3)operate on sb for 因而给做手术做手术successful adj.成功的,结果圆满的,顺利的,(考试)及格的,发运的,功成名就的p反义词：failed feild /unsuccessful pShe is a successful
3、business woman.psuccess n.成功 failure feiljpsucceed v.成功 fail feil following flui 1)adj.接着的=next e.g.Answer the following questions.in the following year2)prep.在（某事）以后；由于Following the meeting,coffee will be served 4.patient peint1)n.（让医生诊治的）病人The hospital has a lot of patients.insane patients 精神病人2)a
4、dj.有耐心的，能忍受的，能容忍的 反义词：impatientbe patient with sb 对某人有耐心be patient of sth 对某事有耐心You should be more patient with others.5.alone lunadj.单独的;独一无二的;独自的;adv.单独地;独自地;孤独地;只，只有;alone 用作形容词，通常只是表示客观上的一个人或没有外人，而不表示寂寞或孤独等感情色彩。lonely 表示“寂寞的”、“孤寂的”，带有较强感情色彩。lonely lunli adj.寂寞的，孤独的 Im living alone but I dont fee
5、l lonely.我一个人住，但是不觉得孤独。6.exchange1)n.互换，交换，交流，交易Is five apples for five eggs a fair exchange?五只苹果换五只鸡蛋是一笔公平的交易吗？2)n.兑换；汇率；交流the exchange of dollars for pounds 把美元兑换成英镑the rate of exchange/the exchange rate 汇率3)n.交易所the Stock Exchange 证券交易所4)n.电话交换台(telephone exchange)5)v.交换，互换（问候等）Mary exchanged sea
6、ts with John.玛丽和约翰交换座位。I often exchange information with him.我常与他交流信息。7.inquire inkwai v.询问，查询 (比ask正式)inquire sth of sb 向某人询问某事inquire about sb/sth=ask for information 打听消息He inquired of the policeman the way.他向那个警察询问道路。inquire sbs name 询问某人的名字inquiry inkwairi n.询问询问 I made inquiries about the lost
7、 dog in all the stores Ive visited.我在所有我去过的商店里打听我丢失的狗8.certain s:tn1)adj.确定的，有把握的，常可与确定的，有把握的，常可与sure通用通用They are sure/certain to be late.他们一定会迟到的。注意：注意：certain的语气比的语气比 sure强。当强。当 it作主语，只用作主语，只用 certainIt is certain that theyll be late.他们会迟到，这一点是确定的。2)adj.(未指明真实名称的未指明真实名称的)某一个某一个,(说出名称但不很熟悉的说出名称但不很熟
8、悉的)某一个某一个,一位姓一位姓的人，置于名字前。的人，置于名字前。A certain Mr.Brown called while you were out.你不在时，一位姓布朗的先生曾打电话来过。for a certain reason=for some reason 由于某种原因9.caller n.打电话的人call v.1)叫，喊call out to sb for sth 因某事向某人大声喊叫2)给取名call the baby Sophia 管这个孩子叫索菲娅3)call at 拜访某地 call on 拜访某人 call off 取消 call box 公共电话亭10.relat
9、ive reltiv 1)n.亲戚，亲属a close/near relative 近亲a distant relative 远亲2)adj.相关的the facts relative to the problem 与这个问题相关的事实3)adj.相对的 They are living in relative comfort.他们住的相对比较舒适。relationship rileinip n.关系,联系 While John Gilbert was in hospital,he asked his doctor to tell him whether his operation had be
10、en successful,but the doctor refused to do so.The following day,the patient asked for a bedside telephone.When he was alone,he telephoned the hospital exchange and asked for Doctor Millington.When the doctor answered the phone,Mr.Gilbert said he was inquiring about a certain patient,a Mr.John Gilber
11、t.He asked if Mr.Gilberts operation had been successful and the doctor told him that it had been.He then asked when Mr.Gilbert would be allowed to go home and the doctor told him that he would have to stay in hospital for another two weeks.Then Dr.Millington asked the caller if he was a relative of
12、the patient.No,the patient answered,I am Mr.John Gilbert.1.While John Gilbert was in hospital,he asked his doctor to tell him whether his operation had been successful,but the doctor refused to do so.while adj.当当.的时候，和的时候，和.同时，同时，另一方面另一方面He watched TV while he was eating.He watched TV while eating.他
13、一边吃饭一边看电视。他一边吃饭一边看电视。I earn only 50 dollars a week,while she earns 80 dollars.我每周只挣我每周只挣50美元，而她挣美元，而她挣80美元。美元。in hospital 住院refuse to do 拒绝做某事The machine refused to start.这台机器运转不了。so在这里是代词，代替前面的动词不定式（to tell him whether）。它一般出现believe，do，expect，hope，say，tell，think，appear 等之后：I am afraid so.I believe
14、so.I think so.It seems so.2.The following day,the patient asked for a bedside telephone.the following day=the next day 第二天bedside1)adj.床边的，枕边的bedside table 船头柜bedside lamp 床头灯 2)n.床边 She was unable to be at his bedside when he died.他去世时，她没有能在他床边。3.When he was alone,he telephoned the hospital exchang
15、e and asked for Doctor Millington.when he was alone 当他一个人的时候当他一个人的时候 on his own4.When the doctor answered the phone,Mr.Gilbert said he was inquiring about a certain patient,a Mr.John Gilbert.answer the phone 接电话answer a letter 回信answer a question 回答问题answer sb 回答某人answer back 顶嘴5.He asked if Mr.Gilb
16、erts operation had been successful and the doctor told him that it had been.原句：-Was Mr.Gilberts operation successful?-Yes,it was.6.He then asked when Mr.Gilbert would be allowed to go home and the doctor told him that he would have to stay in hospital for another two weeks.两个宾语从句，还原为直接引语：“When will
17、Mr.Gilbert be allowed to go home?”he asked.“He will have to stay in hospital for another two weeks.”The doctor said.another1)adj.另一个，类似的，别的 another two weeks2)pron.另一个人或事物one child after another 孩子们一个接一个risk ones life for another 为别人冒生命危险7.Then Dr.Millington asked the caller if he was a relative of
18、the patient.No,the patient answered,I am Mr.John Gilbert.原句：原句：Then Dr.Millington asked,“Are you a relative of the patient?”Grammarn直接引语直接引语 and 间接引语间接引语n一、在日常交流中，有时我们需要引述别一、在日常交流中，有时我们需要引述别人的话。直接引用别人的原话（放在引号人的话。直接引用别人的原话（放在引号内）就是内）就是直接引语直接引语，用自己的话转述别人，用自己的话转述别人的话叫的话叫间接引语间接引语。n二、直接引语转换成间接引语时，转移过程应注意
19、下二、直接引语转换成间接引语时，转移过程应注意下列变化：列变化：n1）动词）动词 n间接引语主句动词主要有间接引语主句动词主要有say,ask,tell,wonder等。等。He said to mum,“I can do house work for you.”He told mum that he could do housework for her.She said to me,“Do you like milk?”She asked me if I liked milk.n2)句式/连词n陈述句：陈述句：say+that从句从句 tell+sb.+that从句从句 nShe said
20、to me:I will came back an hour ago.nShe told me(she said to me)that she had come back an hour before.n一般疑问句一般疑问句：ask/wonder+whether/if+从句从句 nShe said,Are you going interested in English.nHe ask(me)if/whether I was interested in English.n选择疑问句选择疑问句：ask/wonder+whether+or/or not nI asked him,“will you
21、stay at home or go to a film tonight?nI ask him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.n反意疑问句反意疑问句：ask/wonder+whether/if+从句从句 nYouve already got well,havent you?she asked.nShe asked whether/if he(I)had already got well.n特殊疑问句特殊疑问句：ask+sb.+特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+从句从句 nHe ask me,“Whats your name
22、?”（疑问语序）nHe asked me what my name was.（陈述语序）n祈使句：祈使句：ask/tell/advice/+sb.+(not)to do sth suggest that+从句从句 nHe said to me“shut the window,please”（肯定句）nHe ask me to shut the window.nHe said,“Dont make so much noise”（否定句）nHe told us not to make so much noise.n“Lets go to the cinema.“Tom said.（表建议）nTom
23、 suggested that they should go to the cinema.n感叹句：感叹句：What或或that引导引导 nShe said,“What a lovely day it is!nShe said what a lovely day it was.nShe said that it was a lovely day.nHe said,“How interesting the story is!nShe said how interesting the story was.nHe said that the story was interesting.直接引语转换成
24、间接引语“闯五关”n第一关：人称代词与指示代词n直接引语变间接引语时，要注意人称代词和指示代词的变化。要根据说话的对象进行人称的变化，并使句子的意思前后一致。如：n“You should be careful next time，”my father said to me.nMy father told me that I should be careful next time.nTom said to me,“I can help you with your English.”nTom told me that he could help me with my English.nHe sai
25、d,“This book isnt mine.”nHe said that book wasnt his.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、方向性动词的变化 n第二关：引导词第二关：引导词n1.如果直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，要用连词that来引导。如：nShe said,“Im very glad to have such a chance.”nShe said that she was very glad to have such a chance.n2.如果直接引语是一般疑问句，变成间接引语时，要用连词if或whether引导。如：nHe asked me,“Do you like t
26、he film?”nHe asked me if/whether I liked the film.n3.如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，要用相应的疑问词引导。如：nMy sister asked me,“What are you doing?”nMy sister asked me what I was doing.n第三关：时间状语和地点状语第三关：时间状语和地点状语n直接引语变间接引语时，时间状语和地点状语等要做相应的变化。如把now改为then,today改为that day,yesterday改为the day before,ago改为before,tomorrow改为th
27、e next day,here改为there等。nHe said,“Ill go there today.”nHe said that he would go there that day.n第四关：时态的变化第四关：时态的变化n直接引语变间接引语时，如果主句为现在（或将来）时态，间接引语的时态不变；如果主句为过去时态，间接引语中的谓语动词也要相应地用过去时态。如：nHe says,“I am going to Beijing tomorrow.”nHe says that he is going to Beijing tomorrow.nShe said to me,“Li Ping wil
28、l come tomorrow.”nShe told me that Li Ping would come the next day.n温馨提示温馨提示：如果转述的内容是客观真理时，自然现象或是谚语、格言时态不变。如：nHe said,“Water boils at 100.”nHe said that water boils at 100.n主句（直接引语）是一般现在时，间接引语时态不变；n主句是一般过去时，间接引语时态要改为相应的过去时。n第五关：句子结构的变化第五关：句子结构的变化n直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语要用陈陈述句的语序述句的语序。引导词要放在间接引语的最前面，接下来按“主谓宾
29、”顺序排列。即：直接引语转换成间接引语时用陈述语序nHe asked Mike,“Where did you go?”nHe asked Mike where he had gone.n“Youve already got well,havent you?”she asked.She asked _.A.if I have already got well,hadnt you B.whether I had already got well C.have I already got well D.had I already got well.2.He asked,“Are you a Part
30、y member or a League member?”He asked me _.A.am I a Party member or a League member B.was I a Party member or a League member C.if I was a Party member or a League member D.whether was I a Party member or a League member.3.He asked,“How are you getting along?”He asked _.A.how am I getting along B.ho
31、w are you getting along C.how I was getting along D.how was I getting along 4.He asked me _ with me.A.what the matter is B.what the mater was C.whats the matter D.what was the mattern5.He said,“Dont do that again.”He _ me _ that again.A.said to;not to do B.said to;dont do C.told;dont do D.told;not t
32、o do n6.Can you make sure _?A.that he will come here today B.when he will come here today C.will he come here today D.whether will he come here today n7.Do you happen to know _?A.where is her address B.in which place is her address C.what her address is D.the place her address is n8.Excuse me,but ca
33、n you tell me _?A.where can I get to the library B.where I can get to the libraryC.how can I get to the library D.how I can get to the libraryn9.John asked me _ to visit his uncles farm with him.A.how would I like B.if or not would I likeC.whether I would like D.which I would liken10.Id like to know _ Chinese.A.when he began to learn B.when did he begin to learnC.when did he begin learning D.for how long he began to learn
