1、本章学习内容本章学习内容Chapter 5 Brief Description to Some Typical EVs典型的电动汽车简介典型的电动汽车简介本章学习目标本章学习目标本章难点重点本章难点重点5.1 Fuel Efficiency Measures 燃油经济性测量燃油经济性测量5.2 Some Typical BEVs 典型的纯电动汽车简介典型的纯电动汽车简介5.3 Some Typical HEVs 典型的混合动力电动汽车典型的混合动力电动汽车简介简介本章可以安排学生部分自学本章可以安排学生部分自学+教师分析讲评教师分析讲评1.1.了解电动汽车燃油经济性测量方法；了解电动汽车燃油经
2、济性测量方法；2.2.了解典型纯电动汽车的基本结构与性能；了解典型纯电动汽车的基本结构与性能；3.3.了解典型混合动力电动汽车的基本结构与性能了解典型混合动力电动汽车的基本结构与性能1.1.重点：典型电动汽车的基本结构、性能英文专业术重点：典型电动汽车的基本结构、性能英文专业术语；语；2.2.难点：燃油经济性难点：燃油经济性本次课学习内容本次课学习内容本次课学习目标本次课学习目标本次课难点重点本次课难点重点5.1 Fuel Efficiency Measures 燃油经济性测量燃油经济性测量5.2 Some Typical BEVs 典型的纯电动汽车简介典型的纯电动汽车简介1.了解电动汽车燃油
3、经济性测量方法；了解电动汽车燃油经济性测量方法；2.了解典型纯电动汽车的基本结构与性能；了解典型纯电动汽车的基本结构与性能；难点：难点：电动汽车燃油经济性测量方法电动汽车燃油经济性测量方法Chapter 5 Brief Description to Some Typical EVs典型的电动汽车简介典型的电动汽车简介New Words and Phrases5.1 Fuel Efficiency Measures 燃油经济性测量燃油经济性测量calculation?klkjulenn.计算计算consumeknsju:mvt.消耗消耗consumptionknsmpnn.消费，消耗消费，消耗e
4、quivalentkwvlntadj.相当的，等效的相当的，等效的incorporatenk:pretvi.包含，合并，混合包含，合并，混合methodology?medldin.方法，方法论方法，方法论presentprezntn.呈现呈现5.1 Fuel Efficiency Measures 燃油经济性测量燃油经济性测量BTU英国热量单位（英国热量单位（=252卡）卡）kilometers per liter千米千米/升升life cycle生命周期生命周期miles per gallon(MPG)英里英里/加仑加仑miles per gallon equivalent(MPGe)当量英
5、里当量英里/加仑加仑Text5.1 Fuel Efficiency Measures 燃油经济性测量燃油经济性测量 For ICEVs,miles per gallon(MPG)and kilometers per liter are commonly used to represent fuel efficiency rates of vehicles.By incorporating the energy consumption of the PEVs for converting electric energy into motion,miles per gallon equivalen
6、t(MPGe)is often referred to as the effective efficiency of the PEVs.MPGe is a measure of distance traveled per unit energy and is calculated as follows.5.1 Fuel Efficiency Measures 燃油经济性测量燃油经济性测量According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency(EPA),one gallon of gasoline has 115,000 BT
7、Us of energy,which is the equivalent of 33.7 kWh of stored electricity.Therefore,1 MPGe is approximately the equivalent of 1 mile per 33.7 kWh or 0.029674 miles per kWh.The US EPA calculates the battery-to-wheel MPGe based on the following formula:5.1 Fuel Efficiency Measures 燃油经济性测量燃油经济性测量 In Table
8、 5.1 and Table 5.2,the MPGe values of different BEVs and PHEVs are presented.The associated calculations assume a mixture of 45%of highway driving and 55%of urban driving.For instance,Nissan Leafs fuel economy is 126 MPGe and 101 MPGe in highway and urban driving,respectively,and their weighted aver
9、age is 114 MPGe.where EM is wall-to-wheel electrical energy consumed per mile(Wh/mi),which is determined by EPA.This methodology does not consider well-to-wheel life cycle(i.e.,generation and transmission of electricity)in order to enable comparing PEVs with ICEVs on battery-to-wheel and tank-to-whe
10、el bases.5.1 Fuel Efficiency Measures 燃油经济性测量燃油经济性测量Table 5.1 Overview of Battery Electric Vehicles in 2015ModelAER(mi)MPGe Combined City/HWYEngine(kW)Battery(kWh)BMW i38112412521Mercedes B Class85 84 13228 Tesla Model S2659530060Volkswagen eGolf8385 11624.2Nissan Leaf84 11480245.1 Fuel Efficiency M
11、easures 燃油经济性测量燃油经济性测量Table 5.2 Overview of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles in 2015ModelAER(mi)MPGe Combined City/HWYEngine(kW)Battery(kWh)Honda Accord 131151247Ford Fusion 2088687Toyota Prius 1195604Porsche Panamera1650709.4Cadillac ELR3782111175.2 Some Typical BEVs 典型的纯电动汽车简介典型的纯电动汽车简介drastically
12、 dr:stkladv.大大地大大地full-sizefulsaizadj.正常尺寸的，全尺寸的正常尺寸的，全尺寸的hit htvt.达到达到invention invennn.发明发明rateretn.等级；等级；vt.定级定级specification?spesfkenn.规格规格New Words and Phrases5.2 Some Typical BEVs 典型的纯电动汽车简介典型的纯电动汽车简介by courtesy of蒙蒙允许允许Car of the Year年度最佳汽车年度最佳汽车luxury car豪华汽车豪华汽车rank as可算作可算作World Green Car
13、of the Year世界年度绿色汽车世界年度绿色汽车5.2 Some Typical BEVs 典型的纯电动汽车简介典型的纯电动汽车简介5.2.1 Tesla Model S The Tesla Model S is a full-size all-electric luxury car（Figure 5.1 and Table 5.1）,produced by Tesla Motors,and introduced in June 2012.It scored a perfect 5.0 NHTSA automobile safety rating and is the fastest a
14、ccelerating car currently in production.The Model S ranked as the worlds best selling plug-in electric vehicle in 2015.Figure 5.1 Tesla Model S 5.2 Some Typical BEVs 典型的纯电动汽车简介典型的纯电动汽车简介Table 5.1 Tesla Model S P100D main specificationsModel year2016Typeplug-in electric vehiclePower battery100kWh,Li-
15、ionAcceleration0 97 km/h:2.5sRange485 km5.2 Some Typical BEVs 典型的纯电动汽车简介典型的纯电动汽车简介The United States Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)official range for the 2012 Model S Performance model equipped with an 85 kWh battery pack is 265 miles(426 km).EPA rates its energy consumption at 237.5 watt-hours
16、 per kilometer(38 kWh/100 mi or 24 kWh/100 km)for a combined fuel economy of 89 miles per gallon gasoline equivalent(2.64 L/100 km).5.2 Some Typical BEVs 典型的纯电动汽车简介典型的纯电动汽车简介 The Tesla Model S won awards including the 2013 World Green Car of the Year,2013 Motor Trend Car of the Year,Automobile magaz
17、ines 2013 Car of the Year,Time Magazine Best 25 Inventions of the Year 2012 award and Consumer Reports top-scoring car ever.In 2015,Car and Driver named the Model S the Car of the Century.In 2016,Tesla updated the design of the Model S.The 60,60D,70,70D,75,75D and 90D versions are available.In Augus
18、t 2016,Tesla introduced the P100D to be the new top-level model.The P100D model has a 100 kWh battery,a 0 60 mph(0 97 km/h)time of 2.5 seconds and a driving range of 485km.5.2 Some Typical BEVs 典型的纯电动汽车简介典型的纯电动汽车简介The Taycan Turbo and Turbo S（Figure 5.2）will go on sale later this year.Both Taycan mo
19、dels are fully electric,sending power to both axles by courtesy of a pair of permanent magnet synchronous electric motors.These are expensive to use,but a compact design,good power density and good heat management outweigh the increased cost.The front axle uses a single-speed gear set with an 8:1 ra
20、tio.The rear axle uses a two-speed transmission,an unusual trait for modern EVs.First gear is used for acceleration.The Taycan shifts around 62 mph,and top speed for both models is 162 mph.5.2.2 Porsche Taycan Turbo and Turbo S 5.2 Some Typical BEVs 典型的纯电动汽车简介典型的纯电动汽车简介Figure 5.2 Porsche Taycan Turb
21、o and Turbo S5.2 Some Typical BEVs 典型的纯电动汽车简介典型的纯电动汽车简介The Turbo and Turbo S both make 616 horsepower.Using an“overboost”function,the Taycan can make up to 670 horsepower,while the Turbo S sends up to 750 horsepower to the wheels.Peak torque is 626 and 774 pound-feet respectively.The torque split is
22、 fully variable between the two axles.The Taycan hits 60 mph in 3.0 seconds in the Turbo and 2.6 in the Turbo S.Note that those are both slower than Teslas numbers for the Model S.The phrase Porsche kept repeating was“repeatable performance,”making the point that these cars focused on all-around per
23、formance rather than straight-line acceleration.The Porsche Turbo and Turbo S main specifications is listed in Table 5.4.5.2 Some Typical BEVs 典型的纯电动汽车简介典型的纯电动汽车简介Table 5.4 Porsche Turbo and Turbo S main specificationsModel year2020Typeplug-in electric vehiclePower battery93 kWh,Li-ionAcceleration0
24、97 km/h:3.0s(Turbo)and 2.6 s(Turbo S)Range450 km5.2 Some Typical BEVs 典型的纯电动汽车简介典型的纯电动汽车简介Porsche cites a range for the Taycan of 450 kilometers(280 miles).Like most pure EVs,the Taycans lithium-ion battery pack is mounted on the floor.At the back,the battery forms a“T”shape（Figure 5.3）.Total batter
25、y capacity is 93 kWh.The Taycan uses an 800-volt charging system as opposed to the 400-volt setup in most other EVs.This drastically reduces charging times,though the 270 kWh peak is still limited by the battery.Porsche expects that to improve to 400 500 kWh as technology improves.In optimal conditi
26、ons,the Taycan can go from 5 percent to 80 percent in 22.5 minutes.That is limited by temperature and the charging infrastructure.5.2 Some Typical BEVs 典型的纯电动汽车简介典型的纯电动汽车简介Figure 5.3 Porsche Taycan Lithium-ion Battery Pack5.1 Fuel Efficiency Measures 燃油经济性测量燃油经济性测量5.2 Some Typical BEVs 典型的纯电动汽车简介典型的纯电动汽车简介 小小 结结
