(人教版)九年级语文下册写作 审题立意优质课件.ppt

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3、路,状元成才路,正确理解审题立意的内涵和要求。 掌握不同类型写作题目的审题立意方法。 能够运用审题、立意的方法技巧,按要求完成写作活动。,一 阅读下面的材料,在认真审题的基础上,列出两三个写作的主题。,匆匆赶路的猫头鹰遇到斑鸠。斑鸠问它:“你要到哪儿去?”猫头鹰回答:“我打算搬到东方去。”斑鸠不解地问:“为什么呢?”猫头鹰说:“这里的人都讨厌我的叫声。”斑鸠说:“你要改变自己的叫声就可以了。如果不改变你的叫声,即使到了东方,还是会惹人讨厌的。”,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

4、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

5、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,二 从上面列出的主题中选择一个,自拟题目,写一篇作文。不少于600字。 三 以翻过那座山为题,写一篇记叙性文章。不少于600字。,文题一要求阅读材料,

6、审明材料的内涵,然后列出两三个主题。要注意先明确材料的寓意,然后运用审题立意的技巧列出相关的主题。 文题二是在文题一的基础上进行,要求同学们选择一个比较新颖的主题,自拟题目写作。要注意贴近自己的生活选题,这样才能有话可说;要注意拟题新颖,这样才能引起读者的阅读兴趣。,3.文题三审题要注意写记叙性文章,这就需要交代 记叙的要素,即时间、地点、人物、事情的起因、 经过和结果,同时在叙事之后,还要有对事件的 感悟,以深化中心,升华主题。,审题,就是深入思考和反复推敲作文的题目,理解其含义,弄清写作的具体要求,确立写作中心,确定下笔角度及感情基调,明确写作方式和方法的过程。 立意,就是确定文章的主题思

7、想,也就是通过所写的内容来表达自己的观点和情感等。,审题,要求,方法,全面、细致 客观、准确 开放、深入,一般的命题性作文注意题目的限制条件,明确选材范围,进而确定中心,比喻性题目一要善于理解题目的比喻义,为喻体匹配恰当的本体,材料作文审题时要准确,深入地理解材料的含义,根据材料意义确定中心,再根据中心选择写作材料,立意,要求,方法,正确、积极 鲜明、集中 深刻、新颖,顺向立意题目中明确蕴含着什么思想,就直接以此作为文章的中心。题目含义可做多向解读的,就选择其中的一种思想作为文章中心 变向立意不顺着题目本有的意义进行思考,而是从其他方向去思考问题,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

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9、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,文题一示例: 审题思路:这则寓言讲述了一只猫头

10、鹰因叫声不被人喜欢而决定搬家的故事。斑鸠认为除非猫头鹰能改变自己的叫声,否则不管搬到哪里,都不会受到别人的欢迎。这也是材料的本意:只有改变自己,才能适应环境。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

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12、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,仔细揣摩这则寓言故事,我们可以悟出许多道理:(1)对待自己某些重大的缺点或问题,必须要从根本上加以解决。如果只就事论事,回避矛盾,问题是永远解决不了的。(2)当自己在某一环境中难以适应,无法得到人们认可时,主动寻找一个适合自己生存的环境,是一种明智的选择。(3)一味迁就不是真英雄,张扬个性方显真本色。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

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14、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,参考立意:为此,我们可以列出的写作主题有“改变自己”“唯有自我反省,才能进步”“适应环境”“适者生存”“让自己和环境同行”“三十六计,走

15、为上策”等等。,做人贵在自省 长期不照镜子,弄得灰头土脸,自然不够文明。一天照镜一次,洗去仆仆风尘,走路容光焕发。这说明,做人贵在自省。 唯有善于自省,才能进步。,呼应标题,引出中心论点做人贵在自省。,文题二例文:,提出分论点一。,曾子“吾日三省吾身”,最终成为孔子高徒。王安石写完诗,还要不断修改,一个很普通的“绿”字,让泊船瓜洲展现无穷魅力,成为古诗名篇。曹雪芹写红楼梦,皇皇几十万言,却能增删五次,成就中国古典小说的巅峰之作。李世民说:“以铜为镜,可以正衣冠;以古为镜,,可以知兴替;以人为镜,可以明得失。”铜也好,古也好,人也罢,这些都是反省检点自己的工具。一个人想要进步,反省是不可缺少的一

16、部分。 唯有善于自省,才能让人际关系更和谐。,本段采用引证法和例证法,证明分论点“唯有善于自省,才能进步”。,提出分论点二。,高尔基说:“学会在适当的时候承认错误,将会成为你与他人关系的调和剂。”古代的廉颇处处与蔺相如为难,但蔺相如有不与他计较的宽大胸怀。当廉颇听到蔺相如对敌狠对友宽的肺腑之言后,反省自己,最终悔悟,于是向蔺相如负荆请罪,二人终成好友。这一文一武成为赵国的中流砥柱,“将相和”的故事也一直传诵至今。,韩愈年轻时曾到朋友家作诗会友,在创作时因情绪激动打翻了朋友的一只碗,回到家后反省自己:虽然打破了一只碗事小,但如果办公也意气用事,岂不会坏了大事?于是他登门谢罪,削掉了一束头发以作誓

17、证。朋友被他这种精神感动,更加信任韩愈,成为他的至亲至信之人。,本段采用引证法和例证法证明分论点“唯有善于自省,才能让人际关系更和谐”。,廉颇的反省,让他的品性得到了升华,让他在自我的大海里找到了正确的航向,这种反省自然使人轻松。而有些人害怕承认错误,害怕丢面子,从不反省自己,于是自欺欺人,坚持自己是对的,最终使人际关系僵化,甚至连至亲好友也弃他而去。,采用正反对比论证的方法继续论证中心论点。,反省,是黎明,它能为你带来新世纪的曙光;反省,是阳光,它能为你带来无限的温暖;反省,是街灯,它能为你照亮夜行的路。反省,也是我们的朋友,让我们时刻记住它,善待它吧,生命因反省而更加精彩!,先用排比、比喻

18、句,突出反省的作用,最后发出呼吁号召,收束全文。,【名师点评】,本文选择文题一示例中的主题二“唯有自我反省,才能进步”,提炼出新的中心论点“做人贵在自省”。围绕这个中心论点,作者设置了两个分论点,第一个分论点从进步的角度论证,第二个分论点从人际关系的角度论证,论证时采用了大量的事实论据和道理论据,有的论据详细,有的论据处理得简略,但都紧紧围绕中心论点展开,全文论证十分严密。,翻过那座山 骄阳似火般炙烤着苍茫的大地。考试失利的我望着窗外的天空,心乱如麻。索性背上包,独自一人去登山。,这里确定“山”为有形的山,写的是登山,总领全文。,文题三例文:,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

19、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

20、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,“夏山苍翠而欲滴”,到处都是茂盛的树木,奇异的岩石

21、。放眼望去,碧空如洗,心情舒展了许多。拾级而上,奔山顶而去。行路难,山路更难。没到半山腰,我就感到了劳累。择一阴凉处席地而坐,观行云,听鸟语,闻草香,十分惬意。远望山顶,似乎遥不可及。但是,我能就此止步吗?为了远山的风景,我选择继续前行。,写登山之难:劳累,目标遥不可及。,上山的路越来越陡。我汗流浃背,树上的知了声嘶力竭地叫着,阳光从树叶间穿过,在地面投下斑驳的光影。清风袭来,送来丝丝凉爽。来到山涧旁,把手放进清澈的水里,身体和心灵都有说不出的惬意。,描写山间风景,渲染心情,也增添了语言的魅力。,继续前行,心中百感交集。跋涉在路上,不知经历着多少矛盾和挣扎,亦不知得到多少关爱与鼓励。我曾感到自

22、己像一名战败的将军,如血的残阳照着纷纷倒下的战马,鲜血染红猎猎战旗,成群的乌鸦在天空盘旋哀鸣如今,我从断壁残垣中奋然站起。有了希望,我不再迷惘,纵使,前方有强敌万千,我也不会逃避。“真的勇士,敢于直面惨淡的人生,敢于正视淋漓的鲜血”,敢于直面挫折才是真正的自己。,写登山过程中的所想,采用议论的形式,直面挫折的人生,格调高昂,立意积极。,任凭身躯多么劳累,负担多么沉重,也阻挡不了我前行的脚步。战鹰呼啸,我军攻势如潮我曾在黑暗中等待光明,光明终在我眼中闪烁。那,就是山顶。,表明自己的态度,展现积极向上的人生追求。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,

23、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,

24、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,翻过那座山,也许是梦想中浩瀚无边的大海;翻过那座山,也许仍是连绵不断的群山环绕。可是

25、,如果我不去翻越,又怎能知道山那边的风景?,反问,说明只有翻越那座山,才能知道山那边的风景。,站在山顶,环顾四周,连绵的群山向远处延伸。“会当凌绝顶,一览众山小”的感觉真好!我蹲下身来,用手轻抚着岩缝中迎风摇曳的紫色小花,告诉自己,我会去战斗,为了不给未来留下遗憾;我会继续前行,翻越一座又一座山。,引用,增添文采,增添底蕴。,再次点题,照应前文,首尾圆合。,【名师点评】,这是一篇立意深刻,构思别致的习作。小作者巧妙地把现实中的山和生活中的“山”联系在一起,展示自己直面挫折的勇气和信心,审题准确,立意深刻。在结构上,作者以登山为线索,重点写登山的过程和感受,同时借助景物描写,渲染气氛,烘托心情,

26、做到情景交融,感情真挚,不失为一篇佳作。,(2019天津)按要求作文。 有人说助力成长的是梦想,有人说助力成长的是亲人的鼓励与陪伴,有人说助力成长的是挑战困难的勇气、坚强的意志、果断的行动力同学们,助力你成长的是什么呢? 请自拟题目,写一篇文章。,要求:(1)紧扣主题,内容具体充实;(2)有真情实感;(3)文体不限(诗歌、戏剧除外);(4)不少于600字;(5)文中请回避与你相关的人名、校名、地名。,【真题解说】,这是一道材料作文题。审读材料可知,材料的核心词语是“助力成长”,材料最后一句“助力你成长的是什么呢”提示我们要思考什么是可以帮助我们成长的。助力成长的可以是材料中提及的梦想、亲人的鼓

27、励和陪伴、勇气、意志、行动力等,也可以是材料未提及的挫折、乐观的心态等。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

28、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,(1)选材:每个人都有一定的理想,这种理想决定着他的努力和判断的方向。爱因斯坦 立意:梦想助力成长。 (2)选材:本来无望的事,大胆尝试,往往能成功。莎士比亚 立意:勇气助力成长。,

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