1、中考英语语法专项复习 动词时态 时态一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时定义结构标志词表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态表示普遍真理或客观事实often，usually，every day，always，sometimes，twice a week，on SundayS+VS+V+s/es定义结构标志词定义结构标志词定义结构标志词定义结构标志词定义结构标志词表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态表示过去习惯或经常发生的动作主语+过去式yesterday，last Sunday，in 2010，just now，the other day，three days ago表
2、示将来发生的动作或存在的状态表示计划、打算、决定要做的事或有某种迹象表明要发生的事will/shall动词原形be going to 动词原形tomorrow，next week，next year，in two days，in the futuream/is/are动词的现在分词表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态now，all the time，these days，this year，at the momentwas(第一、三人称单数)+现在分词”(第二人称单数和各人称的复数)+现在分词”表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作at that
3、time，at nine yesterday，those days，when/while引导的时间状语从句have (has)+动词的过去分词表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，可能还要持续下去already, yet, just, once,twice,ever, never,three times, beforefor或since思维导图记知识时态是中考英语的一个非常要的语法内容，在初中阶段我们共学习了八种时态。一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时。每一种时态都有可能成为
4、中考英语的考点。因此在平时的复习中我们必须掌握每一种时态的定义、结构、标志词以及时态的特殊用法。考题常在单项选择、完形填空、单词填空中设置5-8分的题。书面表达中对时态的考查更为普遍。下面就每一种时态进行小结：【一般现在时】1. 一般现在时的构成be动词的一般现在时：肯定句：主语+be（am/is/are)+.否定句：主语+be（am/is/are)+not +.is not = isnt are not = arent一般疑问句：Be（am/is/are）+主语+.？肯定回答：Yes, 主语（代词）+be动词.否定回答：No, 主语（代词）+be动词+not.实义动词的一般现在时：主语第一人
5、称、第二人称单复数第三人称复数第三人称单数肯定句：主语+ 动词原形+.主语+动词第三人称单数（-s）+.否定句：主语+dont+ 动词原形+.dont = do not主语+ doesnt+ 动词原形+.doesnt = does not一般疑问句：Do+主语+ 动词原形+.?Does+主语+ 动词原形+.?肯定回答：Yes,主语（代词）+do.Yes,主语（代词）+does.否定回答：No,主语（代词）+dont.No,主语（代词）+doesnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？2.一般现在时的用法表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态.I often go to school by bike
6、.表示客观事实或普遍真理.The earth goes around the sun.在某些以here,there开头的句子中,用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作.There goes the bell.3.与一般现在时连用的时间状语表示频度的副词always,often,usually,sometimes等.on Sundays,on Monday afternoons,every day/week/month/year等时间状语.once a year,twice a month,three times a week等表示频率的词组.4.动词第三人称单数形式的变化规则形式构成例词第三人称单数形
7、式在动词原形后加-sruns,likes以ch,sh,ss,o,x结尾的动词,在词尾加-esteach-teaches,wash-washes,pass-passes,go-goes以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先将y变i再加-esstudy-studies,try-tries以元音字母加y结尾的动词,在词尾加-sstay-stays,play-plays5.用一般现在时表示将来的情况.表示按规定或时间表预计发生的动作We are going to Hangzhou.Our plane takes off at 8:10.当主句为一般将来时态时,在if,as soon as,until,when等
8、引导的状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时.If it doesnt rain this afternoon,well have a football match.【一般过去时】1.一般过去时的构成be动词的一般过去时：肯定句：主语+be（was/were)+.否定句：主语+be（was/were)+not +.was not = wasnt were not = werent一般疑问句：Be（was/were）+主语+.？肯定回答：Yes, 主语（代词）+be动词.否定回答：No, 主语（代词）+be动词+not.实义动词的一般过去时：肯定句：主语+ 动词过去式+.否定句：主语+didnt+
9、动词原形+.didnt = did not一般疑问句：Did+主语+ 动词原形+.?肯定回答：Yes,主语（代词）+did.否定回答：No,主语（代词）+didnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？2.一般过去时的用法表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态.I got up at six this morning.We visited the factory last week.表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作When I was in the countryside,I often swam in the river.3.和一般过去时连用的时间状语last night,yesterday,las
10、t week,some years ago,in 1995,in the past,the other day等.【一般将来时】1.一般将来时的构成will形式肯定句：主语+ will+动词原形+.否定句：主语+wont+动词原形+.wont = will not一般疑问句：Will+主语+ 动词原形+.?肯定回答：Yes,主语（代词）+will.否定回答：No,主语（代词）+wont.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？ be going to 肯定句：主语+ be going to+动词原形+.否定句：主语+be not going to+动词原形+.一般疑问句：be going to+主语+
11、 动词原形+.?肯定回答：Yes,主语（代词）+be.否定回答：No,主语（代词）+be not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？ 2.一般将来时的用法. 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态They will leave for Shanghai next week.Will you be back in two days? be going to+动词原形表示计划,打算做某事,还可表示已决定的,很可能发生的事或有某种迹象表明要发生的事. What are you going to do next Sunday?Look at the dark clouds.There is going to b
12、e a storm. be doing表示将来常用于这种结构的动词有go,come,leave,stay,start,begin等,表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情.We are leaving for London.She is going there tomorrow. be about to+动词原形和be to+动词原形结构表示即将发生的动作. She is about to travel by plane. 【现在进行时】1.现在进行时的构成肯定句：主语+ am/is/are+动词的现在分词+.否定句：主语+am/is/are+not+动词的现在分词一般疑问句：Am/is/are+主语
13、+ 动词的现在分词?肯定回答：Yes,主语（代词）+be.否定回答：No,主语（代词）+be not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？ 2.现在进行时的用法表示此时此刻正在进行的动作.What are you doing?表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态.They are studying hard this term.go,leave,arrive,start等动词用现在进行时表示将来.I am going to Beijing this Sunday.当时间状语为now,these days等或当句子中含有look,listen,can you see,cant you see之类的暗
14、示词时,要用现在进行时.但应注意下列这些动词一般不用于现在进行时态的句子中.a.与感官相关的动词,如see,hear等.b.表示喜欢或厌恶的动词,如like,love等.c.表示希望的动词,如want,would like等.d.表示状态的动词,如be等.e.表示归属的动词,如have等.f.表示思维,知识或理解能力的动词,如know,forget等.3.动词现在分词的变化规则形式构成例词现在分词在动词原形后加-ingread-reading以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去掉e再加-inglive-living,write-writing以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写该辅音字
15、母后再加-ingsit-sitting,begin-beginning少数几个以ie结尾的动词要变ie为y,再加-ingdie-dying,lie-lying,tie-tying 【现在完成时】 1.现在完成时的构成基本结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词2.现在完成时的用法表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果.Have you had your lunch yet? Yes,I have.Ive just had it.I have lost my pen.(过去某个时间丢的,现在还没有找到)备注:already,yet常和现在完成时连用.already用于肯定句,可放在助动
16、词之后,过去分词之前,也可放在句末表示惊讶.yet用在疑问句和否定句中.表示动作或状态在过去已经开始,持续到现在,也许还要持续下去,常和for+时间段或since+时间点连用,表示持续的动作或状态,多为延续性动词.We have lived here since 2000.3.几个副词在现在完成时中的用法.just意为刚刚,表示动作刚刚结束,常放在助动词与过去分词之间.He has just come back from Beijing.ever意为曾经,用于疑问句或否定句中,放在助动词与过去分词之间.Have you ever been to Shanghai?never意为从来没有,常与b
17、efore连用,多放在助动词与过去分词之间.I have never traveled by plane before.since+时间点/for+时间段.I have been in Beijing for two years.4.延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在,与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词应是延续性动词,非延续性动词不可和一段时间连用.误:Ive left this school for eight years.正:Ive been away from this school for eight years.误:He has bor
18、rowed my dictionary for two days.正:He has kept my dictionary for two days.不过,在否定句中非延续动词可与一段时间连用. I havent gone to see him for several months. 非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下列三种方法： a.讲非延续性动词化为延续性动词非延续性动词延续性动词buyhaveborrowkeepopenbe openclosebe closedbegin/startbe oncomebe herefinishbe overdiebe deadput onwearwake
19、 upbe awakefall asleepbe asleepjoinbe inleavebe awayb.讲时间状语改为过去时,并用一般过去时代替现在完成时.c.用句型It is+一段时间+since从句(从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的过去式)It is two years since the old man died.5.动词的过去式与过去分词规则变化形式构成例词过去式与过去分词(规则变化)在动词原形后加-edwork-worked以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先将y变为i再加-edcarry-carriedStudy-studied以e结尾的动词,直接加-dlive-lived以重读闭音节
20、结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写此辅音字母后再加-edstop-stoppedplan-planned不规则变化(略)6.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别侧重点不同:现在完成时是与现在有关的时态,属于现在时态范畴,它侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响.而一般过去时是一种过去的时态,侧重于表示过去的动作,与现在无关.Yesterday I went to the zoo.(仅说明昨天去了动物园,与现在无关)Li Lei has read the book.(说明李磊已经了解了那本书的内容)连用的时间状语不同 现在完成时:already,yet,still,just,so far,in the l
21、ast(past).,before,ever,never,since引出的时间点,for引出的时间段. 一般过去时:ago,yesterday,last.,in 2000,just now等连用. Father bought that watch ten years ago. I have never seen the film before. 7.have/has been to,have/has gone to和have/has been in三种结构的区别. have/has been to:过去曾去过某地 have/has gone to已去了某地 have/has been in已在
22、某地(待了多久) Jim has gone to London with his family. Have you been to Beijing before? The greens have been in China for two years. Li Leis aunt has been at this school for ten years. The Greens are in China now.They have been here for half a year.【同步练习】 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空.1.I (be)busy these days.I (not go)t
23、o the cinema for weeks.2.How many units you (learn)so far?3.Alice (make)several friends since she (come)to China.4.Jim (make)many friends since he (come)to China.5.I (write)him a second letter before I (hear)from him.6.I (know)the way.I (live)here for quite many years.Key:was,havent gone;have,learne
24、d;has made,came;have written;heard;knew,have lived 【过去进行时】1.表示过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在进行的动作.常和表示过去的时间状语then,at that time,this time yesterday,at ten yesterday等连用.What were you doing at nine last night? I was watching TV at that time. 2.注意在含有when或while引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中过去进行时的运用.在when引导的从句中,谓语动词既可以是延续性动词,也可以是非延续
25、性动词;而在while引导的从句中,谓语动词只能是延续性动词.When the earthquake happened,we were sleeping soundly.The bell rang when/while I was taking a shower.当两个延续性动词同时发生而又具有对比意味时,从句一般用while引导,主句和从句的时态通常是相同的.Lucy was doing her homework while I was playing computer games.When/While Kangkangs mother is cooking, he gets home.【同
26、步练习】一.用when或while填空1._Margowastalkingonthephone, hersisterwalkedin.2._wevisitedtheschool, thechildrenwereplayinggames.3._Sarahwasatthebarbers, Iwasgoingtoclass.4._IsawCarlos, hewaswearingagreenshirt.5._Allenwascleaninghisroom, thephonerang. 6._Ritaboughthernewdog; itwaswearingalittlecoat.7. Hewasdri
27、vingalong_suddenlyawomanappeared.8._Jakewaswaitingatthedoor,anoldwomancalledtohim.9. Hewasreadingabook_suddenlythetelephonerang.10._itbegantorain,theywereplayingchess. Key:1.while2.when3.while4.when5.while6.when7.When8.While 9.When10.When二.用所给动词适当形式填空1.WhileJake_ (look)forcustomers,he_ (see)awoman.
28、2.They_ (play)footballontheplaygroundwhenit_ (begin)torain.3.Astrangebox_ (arrive)whilewe_(talk). 4.John_ (sleep)whensomeone_ (steal)hiscar.5.Fatherstill (sleep) whenI (get) upyesterdaymorning. 6.Grandma (cook)breakfastwhileI (wash)myfacethismorning.7. Mother (sweep) thefloorwhenI (leave) home. 8. I
29、 (read)ahistorybookwhensomeone (knock)atthedoor.Key:1.was looking,saw2.wereplaying,began3.arrived,weretalking4.wassleeping,stole5.was sleeping, got6.wascooking, waswashing7.wassweeping,left8,wasreading,knock【过去完成时】概念:过去完成时指的是到过去某个时间已经完成的动作或存在的状态,即过去的过去构成形式:had+动词的过去分词备注：过去完成时在句中使用时一般必须有一个或暗含一个发生在过去的
30、动作与其相比较,使用过去完成时的动词动作发生在该过去的动作之前.时间状语:by last week,by the end of last year,before I arrived.She had left by the time I arrived.我到达之前,她已经离开了.He had worked in Shanghai for ten years before he came here.【过去将来时】1.表示从过去某一时间看将来发生的动作或存在的状态.常用在宾语从句中,谓语由would+动词原形构成.He said he would buy some fruit for his sis
31、ter.He asked when the meeting would end.2.表示曾经打算或准备要做的动作,用was/were going to+动词原形.I thought it was going to rain soon.They were going to start new jobs when I saw them then.考点一：一般现在时典例1：Can I help you?I bought this watch here yesterday, but it _ work. (江西中考题)A. wont B. didnt C. doesnt D. wouldnt【解析】虽
32、然手表是前一天买的，但说话者现在拿来退，说明这块表“不工作”是现在的事，故用一般现在时。【答案】C举一反三1.I used to love this film when I was young, but I _ it that way any more. (江苏南京中考题)A. dont feel B. didnt feel C. havent felt D. hadnt felt2. - Henry, you_ on the phone. -oh, _. Thank you. A. are wanted, I come B. are wanted, Im coming C. are bein
33、g wanted, I come D. are wanting, I m coming3. - Tomorrow will be Fathers Day. What will you do for your father? - I will say “I love you, Daddy” as soon as he _up. A. will wake B. wake C. wakes D. woke考点二：一般过去时典例2：I _ the wrong thing. Can I use your eraser? (河北中考题)A. write B. wrote C. am writing D.
34、will write【解析】说话者要向对方借用橡皮擦，说明写错字的事已经发生了，故用一般过去时。【答案】B举一反三1.They _ her to the party, so she was very happy. (北京中考题)A. invite B. invited C. will invite D. are inviting2. When _ your mother _ you that blue dress，Mary？ Sorry，I really cant remember.A.does；buy B.has；bought C.had；bought D.did；buy3. - How d
35、id the accident happen?- It _difficult to see the road because it _.A.was, was raining B. is, has rained C. is, is raining D. will be, will rain考点三：一般将来时典例3：Attention, please. There _ a football game between China and Korea this evening. (山东淄博中考题)A. is going to be B. has been C. has D. will have【解析】
36、答案选A。根据句中的时间状语this evening（今天晚上）可知，句子应用一般将来时，故可排除B和C；又因为there be的将来时态可以是there will be或there is going to be，但不能是there will have或there is going to have，故可排除D。【答案】A举一反三1.If you _ carefully, you _ the report well. (广州中考题)A. will listen; will be understood B. will listen; understandC. listen; will unders
37、tand D. listen; understand2. I dont know when Jim _. Ill meet him at the airport when he _.A. will return; returnB. returns; will returnC. returned; returnedD. will return; returns.考点四：现在进行时典例4：Alice, turn down the TV, please. I _ on the phone.Oh, sorry. (安徽中考题)A. have talked B. talked C. am talking
38、 D. talk【解析】说话者叫Alice把电视机声音关小，说明他当时正在打电话，即用现在进行时。【答案】C举一反三1.It _ outside. Youd better take an umbrella with you. (江西中考题)A. rains B. is raining C. rained D. has rained2. - Listen. Who _in the next room?- It maybe Mr Lee.A.sings B. is singing C. sang D. does sing考点五：现在完成时典例5：- Is Cindy at home? - No,
39、she _ the library. She _there a moment ago. A. has gone to, wentB. has gone to, has been C. has been to, wentD. has been to, has gone 举一反三1. - What about seeing the film with me?- Sorry. I _twice. A. am seeing B. will see C.see D. have seen2.- Would you like_ some coffee? - No, thanks. I _some. A. h
40、ave, already have B. had, just had C. having, have yet had D. to have, have already had3. - Have you _your ticket yet? - No, Im still _it. A. found, finding B. looked for, looking for C. found, looking for D. looked for, finding4.- Where is Miss Gao, Lily?- She _to the teachers.A. has been B. has go
41、ne C. went D. would go考点六：过去进行典例6：What did the teacher say just now?Sorry. I didnt catch it. I_something else.A.think B.will think C.was thinkingD.had thought 【解析】该题的正确答案为C。该题必须根据上下句来理解，第二句所要表达的意思是“刚才老师讲话的时候我在想别的事情。”即表达在过去某一时间发生的动作，所以要用过去进行时was thinking。【答案】C举一反三1.What _ when the earthquake (地震) happened on May 12th ?Er, I was having a geography class in the classroom.A. are you doingB. did you doC. were you doing 2.- What _your father doing at eight yesterday evening, Sandy?- Let me seeOh, he was_ a newspaper. A.was, reading
