1、中考英语语法专项复习 被动语态 被动语态是历年来中考的考点之一。在备考被动语态时，我们一定要彻底地弄明白，英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。主动态和被动态指的是动词形式，是词法概念;而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构，是句法概念。所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子，而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子。被动语态的考题一般出现在单线选择、语法填空,完型填空和句型转换中。语态被动语态主动语态
2、一般现在时：am/is/are+taught一般过去时：was/were+taught一般将来时：will/shall be+taught现在进行时：am/is/are being+taught过去进行时：have/has been+taught现在完成时：have/has been+taught一、被动语态概述思维导图记知识点一、语态概述英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。例如：Many people speak English.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的
3、。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。主动态和被动态指的是动词形式，是词法概念;而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构，是句法概念。所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子，而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子。例如：He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句)The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句)二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是
4、通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：am/is/are+taught一般过去时：was/were+taught一般将来时：will/shall be+taught现在进行时：am/is/are being+taught过去进行时：have/has been+taught现在完成时：have/has been+taught歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。三、被动语态的用法(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道
5、电脑是谁偷的)(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：the window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要;动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。四、主动语态变被动语态的方法(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all peopl
6、e.They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made?by them?in the factory.歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。五、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。歌诀是：情态动词变动，情态加be加“过分”，原来带to要保留。例如：We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two d
7、ays.You ought to take it away. It ought to be taken away.(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。六、主动语态变被动语态需要注意的几个问题：“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”改为被动时,可以用间接宾语做被动句的主语。如：His teacher gave him a dictionary.He was given a dictionary by his teacher.(老师给他一本字典他得到老师一本字典)也可以用直接宾语做被动句的主语,但是需用to或者for引出原句的间接宾语。如：His tea
8、cher gave him a dictionary.A dictionary was given to him by his teacher.(老师给他一本字典一本字典由老师送给了他)His father made him a kite.A kite was made for him by his father.(他的父亲给他做了一个风筝一个风筝由他的父亲做给了他)“动词+宾语+动词原形”改为被动时,动词原形前要加to.如：The boss made the poor man work 12 hours a day.The poor man was made to work 12 hours
9、 a day.(老板让这个可怜的人一天工作12小时这个可怜人被迫一天工作12小时)“动词+介词”改为被动时,介词一般在原位不动。如：The girl takes good care of her little brother.The girls little brother is taken good care of by her.(女孩照顾小弟弟女孩的小弟弟由她照顾着)“be+过去分词”未必表示被动语态,而可能是系表结构。如：He is pleased / worried / tired /.(系表)(他高兴/焦虑/疲劳)He was hit / knocked down / told /
10、shot / .(被动)(他被击中/撞倒/关照/射中)7、 句型转换中主动语态变被动语态的方法：在句型转换中主动语态变被动语态我们一定要按“一变二套三注意”一变 变主动为被动或变被动为主动时 ，把原句的主语和宾语互换，注意被动语态的构成“be + 过去分词”。如：We grew a tree yesterday. A tree was grown yesterday by us.二套 被动语态的构成为“be + 过去分词”。在不同的时态中，过去分词保持不变，而be动词随着时态有不同的变化，如：am/ is/ are（一般现在时）；was/ were （一般过去时）；have/ has been
11、( 现在完成时)；am/ is/are being （现在进行时）等。若含有情态动词，则用“情态动词+ be + 过去分词”结构。例如：The flowers are being watered by them. 他们正在浇花。The plan has been found by me. 钢笔已经被我找到了。Homework must be finished first. 必须要先完成作业。三注意 句中含有双宾语如give/ buy sb sth 时，一般要把间接宾语（sb）变成被动句的主语，若将直接宾语( sth ) 变成主语，则在间接宾语前加上介词to或for。常用to的介词有give,
12、show, pass, hand, lend, send 等；常用介词for 的动词有borrow, buy, make 等。如：The eraser was passed to me at last. 最后，橡皮被传递给了我。A new toy was bought for me as my birthday present by him.他给我买了一个玩具，作为我的生日礼物。 主动句中，谓语是含有介词或副词的动词短语，变为被动句时，介词或副词不能省略。常见的词组有listen to, take care of, pay attention to 等。如：We often talk with
13、 the old politely. The old are often talked with politely by us. 主动句中作宾补的不带to的动词不定式，变被动时要加上to.常见的词组有hear/ see sb do sth, make sb do sth 等。如：we make the boy stand outside.The boy was made to stand by us.考点一：将语态与主谓一致、倒转、介词结合起来命题典例1 Alltheemployeesexceptthemanager_toworkonlineathome.A.encouragesB.encou
14、rageC.isencouragedD.areencouraged【解析】是alltheemployees(复数)，而不是themanager，排除答案A和C；又因alltheemployees与encourage是被动关系，要用被动语态，排除B，故选D。【答案】D举一反三 1.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_tothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffered2.Dontyouthinkitnecessarythathe_toMiamibuttoNewYork?Iagree,butt
15、heproblemis_hehasrefusedto.A.willnotbesent;thatB.notbesent;that C.shouldnotbesent;whatD.shouldnotsend;what3 Onlyaftermyfriendcame_.A.didthecomputerrepairedB.berepairedthecomputerC.wasthecomputerrepairedD.thecomputerwasrepaired4 Goodcaremust_babies,particularlywhiletheyareill.A.takeB.takeofC.betakenD
16、.betakenof考点二、 在语境中将语态与时态结合起来命题Thenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseasewillbereducedgreatlyifpeople_toeatmorefruitandvegetables.A.persuadeB.willpersuadeC.bepersuadedD.arepersuaded【解析】因people与persuade是被动关系，排除A和B。又因为主语是一般将来时，条件句中用一般现在时，所以选D。【答案】D举一反三1.Hundredsofjobs_ifthefactorycloses.A.loseB.willbelostC.are
17、lostD.willlost2.Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodearth_eachyear.A.werewashedawayB.isbeingwashedaway C.arewashingawayD.arebeingwashedaway3. Thewindowisdirty.Iknow.It_forweeksA.hasntcleanedB.didntcleanC.wasntcleanedD.hasntbeencleaned4.GeorgeandLucygotmarriedlastweek.Didyougototheweddi
18、ng?No,I_.Didtheyhaveabigwedding?A.wasnotinvitedB.havenotbeeninvited C.hadntbeeninvitedD.didntinvite用所给词的适当形式填空1.Have you finished your project?Not yet.Ill finish it if I (give)ten more minutes.(2013宁波)2.Luckily,the old lady (send)to hospital immediately after she had fallen down to the ground.(2014金
19、华)3.A new road (build)near my school next year.(2016北京)4.When Tim (ask)why he was late for school,he just kept silent.(2014河南)5.How clean your car is!Thank you.It (wash)very often.(2015重庆)Key:was given;was sent;was built;was asked;washes用所给词的适当形式填空1.When Hangzhou (choose)to host the G20 Summit in Se
20、ptember 2016,we really felt proud of our hometown!2.More trees will be planted and new roads will (build)next year in our city.3.waste paper shouldnt (throw)everywhere.Its our duty to keep our city clean.4.I like the city of Hangzhou in which I was (bear).5.The plan (give)up because of the heavy rai
21、n.6.The shop (close)at this time every day.7.I (feel)much better after I (take)the medicine.8.The boy is happy because he (sell)out all the newspapers.9.The last bus just (leave)when they (get)to the bus stop.10.Where is Tom?He (go)to the post office.Key:1.was chosen 2.be built 3.be thrown 4.born 5.was closed 6.felt;took 8.sold 9.has left;got 10.has gone6
