1、工作分析Job AnalysisQuestions:What is the content of each job?How will you know when people are doing a good job?How should you measure their performance?What qualifications will people need in each job?What should you train each person to do in each job?How much should you pay for doing each job?人力資源管理
2、流程HR PlanningStaffingTrainingCompensationPerformance AppraisalLabor RelationControllingJob AnalysisJob DescriptionJob SpecificationRecruitmentSelectionOrientationSocializationTrainingWagesBenefitsObservationAppraisal InterviewCommunicationJob SatisfactionDisciplineTermination工作分析工作分析 對象:職位以系統化的方式來蒐集
3、分析特定職位的工作內容，方法 及職責等相關資訊界定完成工作所須具備之知識 技能，及人格特質 lOccupation 客務部服務員lPosition 房務員lJob 清潔客房 lTasks 客房清潔，客房備品補給，協助客人問題lElements(activities)客房清潔l清理垃圾桶(element 1)l清潔廁所地面(element 2)SOURCE OF DATAJob analystEmployeeSupervisorMETHODS OF COLLECTING DATAObservationInterviewsQuestionnaires/ChecklistsCritical Inci
4、dentsOthers JOB DATATasksPerformance standardsResponsibilitiesTools/Equipment/AidsKnowledgeSkillsAbilitiesJOB DESCRIPTIONTasksDutiesResponsibilitiesJOB SPECIFICATIONSkill requirementsKnowledge requirementsAbilities neededPhysical demandsHUMAN RESOURCES FUNCTIONSRecruitmentSelectionTraining&Developme
5、ntPerformance AppraisalCompensationControlJob Analysis ModelSteps in Job AnalysisSelect Jobs for AnalysisDetermine What Information to CollectDetermine How to Collect the InformationDetermine Who Collects the InformationProcess the InformationWrite Job DescriptionsWrite Job Specifications如何蒐集工作分析資訊?
6、Top-down approachl適用於新的或未來的工作l由組織發展所欲達成目標來思考工作內容項目Bottom-up approachl適用於existing jobsl由工作人員提供訊息告知工作業務內容Bottom-up approach of JAObservations觀察法Interviews面談法Questionnaires 問卷法(Job Inventory)Critical incidents technique(CIT)重要事件法diaries 日記法Job descriptions&Job specifications工作分析所得的管理工具Job descriptions
7、工作說明書l記錄工作內容，方法，責任，環境，及活動l可供員工及該職位主管參考lsummarize the duties,responsibilities,working conditions and activities of a specific jobJob specification 工作規範l記錄擔任該職為所需具備的資格與條件ldescribe the qualifications required to perform the job工作說明書主要內容主要內容1.Job identification工作識別工作識別2.Job summary工作摘要工作摘要3.Responsibili
8、ties and duties關係與職責關係與職責4.Authority職權職權5.Standards of performance績效標準績效標準6.Working conditions工作條件工作條件7.Job specifications工作規範工作規範Job DesignJob Designl設計搭配不同的工作內容(tasks,functions)以提高生產效率並提升工作的內外性工作價值lA systematic process through with the work content(tasks,functions,and relationships),the rewards(ex
9、trinsic and intrinsic),and the qualifications required(KSA)is determined for each job.Job Characteristicsl Skill variety(makes job interesting)技能多樣l Task identity(sees the products)可見成果l Task significance(effort worthwhile)工作重要性l Autonomy(personal responsibilities)工作自主性l Feedback(know the results)持續
10、性回饋工作設計方法lJob simplification 簡單化lJob enlargement 擴大化lJob rotation 輪調lJob enrichment 豐富化工作簡單化lJob simplification將複雜工作分為細小單位，每人只執行其中一部份非常專業分工重複動作提升工作正確性“time and motion analysis”lJob enlargement 工作擴大化藉由增加類似工作以擴大工作內容水平層面的擴大工作內容 A horizontal job expansionl Job rotation 工作輪調 員工在各個不同職位或部門輪調 Reduces boredo
11、m Easier to staff unpleasant job 輪調方法l 水平輪調l 垂直輪調lJob enrichment 工作豐富化除擴大工作項目外並負與員工更多的權利，責任，及自主性Increase ees authority,responsibility,and autonomy(Vertical job expansion)less supervision and more self-esteem結果:higher quality work,less turnover,higher job satisfaction工作時間的安排l壓縮工作週 compressed workweekl彈性上班時間 Flextimel工作分擔 Job sharingl電子通勤 Tele-communityl機動辦公室 Mobile office
