1、过去分词高考热点追踪优秀获奖科研论文非谓语动词中的过去分词（短语）向来是历届高考语言基础知识命题的一个热点，纵观近三年全国各省市的命题，其中考查过去分词做定语、宾语补足语和状语的考题非常多，尤其侧重考查了过去分词做定语和状语的用法。对于学生而言，掌握过去分词的基本用法对解答此类题目将大有裨益。一、考查过去分词作定语考例【2013陕西】14.Thewitnessesbythepolicejustnowgaveverydifferentdescriptionsofthefight.A.questionedB.beingquestionedC.tobequestionedD.havingquesti
2、oned考例【2013湖南】29.Youcannotacceptanopiniontoyouunlessitisbasedonfacts.A.offeringB.toofferC.havingofferedD.offered【分析】:考例答案为A,此题考查过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于whowasquestionedbythepolicejustnow一定语从句。考例答案为D,此题也考查过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于定语从句whichisofferedtoyou。过去分词作定语通常分为前置定语和后置定语，一般单个的过去分词放在被修饰名称的前面作前置定语，表示“完成”的动作，同时也含被动之义。E
3、g.1.Weneedanothercopyofthesignedagreement.2 .Iplacedthefrozenbowloverthesnakesshabitat.3 .ThelostchildwaslastseenplayingneartheEastLake.过去分词短语作定语时通常放在被修饰名称后面，充当后置定语。此时过去分词短语在意义上相当于一个被动结构的定语从句。Eg.1.Atpresenthumaneggcellsandembryosneededforcloningaredifficulttoobtain.(=whichareneededforcloning)2. Ibou
4、ghtanice-creammakermadeofstainlesssteel.(=whichismadeofstainlesssteel)二、考查过去分词作宾语补足语考例【2013北京】29.Whenwesawtheroadwithsnow,wedecidedtospendtheholidayathome.A.blockB.toblockC.blockingD.blocked考例(2012四川卷)12.Beforedrivingintothecity,youarerequiredtogetyourcar.A.washedB.washC.washingD.towash【分析】考例答案为D,考例
5、答案为A,均考查过去分词作宾补的用法，宾语与宾补间存在逻辑上的被动关系或称之为动宾关系。过去分词充当宾语补足语通常见于基本句型“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中。在这一结构中，过去分词和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系或称动宾关系。接过去分词做宾语补足语的动词有：1 .感官动词feel,hear,listento,see,watch,lookat,observe,notice,find+宾语+动词过去分词Eg.(1)Iwasembarrassedtoseeourteambeatenbyaweakerteam.2 2)Peoplefoundthewaterpollutedo2.使役动词get
6、,have,make,keep,leaveEg.(1)Doyouknowthestageseveryinventormustgothroughbeforetheycanhavetheirinventionapproved?(2) sheknowsverylittleEnglish,hefindsitdifficulttomakehimselfunderstood(3) Dontleavethosethingsundone.(4) Thecriteriaaresostrictthatitisdifficulttogetnewideasacceptedunlesstheyaretrulynovel
7、.过去分词短语作宾补也可见于“with+宾语+宾补”这一复合结构中，宾语之间是动宾关系。Eg.1.Withmanybrightlycoloredflowersplantedaroundthebuilding,hishouselookslikeabeautifulgarden.2. Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.三、考查过去分词作状语用法考例【2013安徽】32.intheearly20thcentury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildrensloveofart.A.TofoundB.Fo
8、undingC.FoundedD.Havingfounded.考例【2013浙江】19.Therearesomehealthproblemsthat,whenintime,canbecomebiggeroneslateron.A.nottreatedB.notbeingtreatedC.nottobetreatedD.nothavebeentreated【分析】考例答案为C,此题考查过去分词短语作状语，意义上相当于状语从句Sinceitwasfoundedintheearly20thcentury；考例答案为A,相当于状语从句whentheyarenottreatedintime.过去分词短语
9、作状语时，可表示动作发生的时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等，Eg.1.Seenfromthespace,theearthlookslikeahugewater-coveredglobe.表示时间2 .Keptinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.表示条件3 .Deeplymovedbythestory,thechildrenbegantocry.表示原因4 .Shewalkedoutofthehouse,followedbyherlittledaughter.表示伴随情况5 .Beatenbytheenemy,herefusedtoletoutthesecret表示让步。
