1、Writing-Abstract(SCI摘要写作要点摘要写作要点-英英文版文版)1 Introduction2 How to write3 Practice（Functions and Elements Wu Junkang)（Language Focus Li Chuanyang)（Case analysis Dong Chengpeng)Definition A short passage showing the substantive research contents andinformantions briefly and clearly without any comments a
2、nd extra explainations.Purposes Offering substantive research contents for readers to decide whether they want to get the whole paper.Elements Objective of the researchResearch methodsResearch resultsConclusions Functions For busy readers to understand the research contents quickly and attracting th
3、em to read the whole paper.For database searching servicesp Objective of the research Including research premise,background,goals and topic areap Research methods The principle,theory,conditions,objects,materials,technology,structure,equipment,procedures,etcp Research results The results,data,relati
4、onships between the observations and the effect p Conclusions The analysis,comparison and evaluation of results and sometimes the applicationElements Different types of abstract Informative abstract:Summarizing the odjective,methods,primary datas and conclusions of the paper comprehensively and brie
5、fly.Usually,this abstract can partly replace reading the full text.About 200300words.That depends.Indicative abstract：Normally summarizing the theme of the paper,with just two or three sentences and without any arguments and conclusions,which is commonly for reviews and meeting reports.This abstract
6、 can be used to help readers to decide whether to read the full text or not.About 100 words.Informative-indicative abstract:Summarizing the highest valuable informations in forms of informative abstract expression,while showing the rest in forms of indicative abstract expression.text.About 100200wor
7、ds.Attention:All of these elements must be expressed Briefly and Clearly.The quality of your paper directly affects whether it is accepted and the retrieved and cited frequency.The number of the words should be generally controlled in 5%10%of the full text.Announcements:No common senses and comments
8、 in abstract,dont mention the contents that should be written in Introduction.Dont simply remention the meaning of the title.The elements should be expressed briefly and clealy,and dont make the abstract divided into sections.Use the third person and standardized expressions.The word abbreviations s
9、hould be performed with full name for the first time.No mathematical formulas,chemical structural formulas,figures and tables performed Welcome Li Chuanyang！()1.English abstract contains the title,abstract and keywords.According to the relevant provisions of international academic session,for intern
10、ational exchanges,scientific and technical reports,dissertations and academic papers should be accompanied by a foreign language(English)Abstract.2.In principle,the Chinese abstract considerations are applicable to the preparation of a summary in English,but English has its own way of expression,lan
11、guage habits,so in writing English abstract should pay more attention.The general principles of AbstractThe sentence of the English abstract should be simple,usually about 510 significance complete statement smooth sentences.In order to achieve the most concise summary in English,and clear results,n
12、eed to use the following methods:1)the summary at the beginning of the first sentence,do not repeat the title with papers2)The background information should be deleted,or reduced to a minimum.3)only use new information.Past studies should be deleted or minimized4)Do not include the author future pla
13、ns.5)should not contain a summary which not belong to the statement,such as:Work described herein,are.first“Work described herein,has not been reported.“Work described herein,is an improvement of the latest research.The general principles of Abstract6)Do not repeat the same expression of the informa
14、tion.such as:at a temperature of 250 to 300 Should be replaced at 250300 at a high pressure of 1.2 MPa Should be replaced at 1.2 Mpa7)delete unnecessary phrases,such as:“A method is described”，/“In this work”，“It is reported that”,“Extensive investigations show that”The tenses of AbstractEnglish abs
15、tract tenses is better to use present tense,past tense,present perfect,past perfect tense less,while other composite state basic need.The present tense.For the beginning of this paper points out that the research purpose,narrative research content,describe the results,conclusions,advice or discussio
16、n,etc.For example:This study(investigation)is(conducted,u n d e r t a k e n)t o ；T h e resultshows(reveals)，It is found thatThe conclusions areThe author suggests The tenses of AbstractThe past tense.Used to describe the discovery of the past a certain period of time,or a research process(such as ex
17、periment,observation,investigation,medical process).Such as:The technique of.was applied to study.The voice of abstractsWhat kind of voice,it is necessary to consider the abstract of the characteristics,but also to meet the needs expressed.A abstract is very short,just try not to mix,but do not mix
18、in a sentence.Passive voice can be used in most cases.Active voice.Now try to advocate the use of active voice more and more,because it helps the text is clear,concise and forceful expression.The voice of abstractsPassive voice.Previous emphasis on multi-passive voice,reason is that the facts of sci
19、entific papers mainly through,as that thing is who did it,without going to prove.In fact,in the indicative abstract,to emphasize the action taker,to use the passive voice is better.The person and parts of the English abstractIn recent years,the beginning of abstract often use the third person,such a
20、s:This paper.,and now tend to use more concise passive voice,infinitive or sub-word phrase at beginning.Numerals.Avoid using Arabic numerals as the first word,eg:Three hundred.are collected.in Three hundred do not write 300Singular and plural.Singular and plural forms of nouns is not easy to identif
21、y,results predicate form error.SentencesTo be familiar with common English abstract sentence(1)research purposes,commonly used in the summary of the first In order to.,this paper describes.The purpose of this study is.This paper intends/aims to.(2)indicates research objects and methods The effect/se
22、nsitivity/function of certain was observed/detected/studied,to emphasize the action taker,to use the passive voice is better.Welcome Dong Chengpeng！o()oInformative abstract(报道性摘要报道性摘要)Its characteristics are summarizes papers the purpose,methods,key data and conclusions comprehensively and brieflyIn
23、dicative abstract(指示性摘要指示性摘要)Also called descriptive abstract,descriptive abstract or topic abstract,generally only two or three Sentences summarize the themes,without involving the evidence and conclusions.This abstract can be used to help potential readers to decide whether to read the full text.I
24、nformative-indicative abstract(报道报道-指示性摘要指示性摘要)Informative abstract form in order to express a higher value section of information in the literature,indicative abstract form in the rest of the presentation.Sequence of Writing Abstract The first sentence:You talk about the significance of this paper.
25、The second sentence:Using“To eluicdatie the mechanism.,To investigate.,or for the purpose of.”beginning to tell the purpose of your research.The third sentence:tells you the contents of the study,research methods.The fourth sentence:telling the main result of yours research.The fifth sentence:the re
26、sults of your research conclusions SCI abstract commonly used method of expressionResults section(1)show study result,there are common vocabularies:show,result,present,etc.(2)Introduction conclusions have common vocabularies:summary,introduce,concludeDiscussion section(1)state views of the author,th
27、ere are common vocabularies:suggest,repot,present,expect,describe,etc.(2)Description demonstration,common vocabularies:support,provide,indicate,identify,find,demonstrate,confirm,clarify,etc.(3)Recommendations and suggestions,common vocabularies:suggest,suggestion,recommend,recommendation,propose,nec
28、essity,necessary,expect,etc.review the backgroundreview the backgroundDescription of writing or research purposes Description of writing or research purposes describes the focus content of the describes the focus content of the paper or scope of the studypaper or scope of the study,describes the focus content of the describes the focus content of the paper or scope of the studypaper or scope of the study,Thank you!
