1、ICUICU常见的易发感染的疾病及其诊疗思路常见的易发感染的疾病及其诊疗思路-M3-M3-文档资料文档资料单击此处添加副标题ICU常见的易发感染的疾病及其常见的易发感染的疾病及其诊疗思路诊疗思路Jianguo Tang Trauma-Emergency-Critical Care Medicine Center(T-E-CCMC)内容提要内容提要nICU常见的易发感染的疾病常见的易发感染的疾病nICU获得性感染病原特征获得性感染病原特征nICU常见的易发感染病原学常见的易发感染病原学nICU常见感染抗生素选择策略常见感染抗生素选择策略nICU常见感染抗生素应用要点常见感染抗生素应用要点内容提要
2、内容提要nICU常见的易发感染的疾病常见的易发感染的疾病nICU获得性感染病原特征获得性感染病原特征nICU常见的易发感染病原学常见的易发感染病原学nICU常见感染抗生素选择策略常见感染抗生素选择策略nICU常见感染抗生素应用要点常见感染抗生素应用要点ICU 感染患者感染患者n感染性疾病诊治n感染的预防与控制p重症感染入住重症感染入住ICUICUpICUICU获得感染获得感染 (ICU-acquired infections)pICUICU内获得性感染的预防与控制内获得性感染的预防与控制感染相关问题是ICU永恒主题ICU 工作要点之一是感染n75 countriesn1265 ICUSn13
3、796 patientsn7087(51.4%)infected patientsn9084(71%)receiving antibioticsnICU mortality rate 25%(infected)&11%(non-infected)(P MICAUC/MICCmax/MICAUC/MICT-D:Time-dependent;C-D:Concentration-dependentPk-Pd of newest antimicrobial agents for resistant GPCDrugClassDosageEliminationDose adjustmentProtein
4、bindingT 1/2VdLinezolidOxazolidinone 600mg 12hH65%Non-enzyme30%(R)NDose after Dialysis31%4-6h0.8L/kg(40-50L)TigecyclineGlycylcyclines100 mg IV,50mg q12hBiliary 60%R20-40%(Unchanged)H-Y71-89%36h10L/kgDaptomycin Lipopeptide46 mg,-10mg/kg qdR78%R-Y92%8-9h0.1L/kgVancomycinGlycopeptide15-20mg/kg IV q8-12
5、hR80-90%R-Y10-55%(30%)4-8h0.3L/kgTeicoplaninGlycopeptide4-6mg/kg IV q12h*34-6mg/kg qdR80%R-Y90-95%70-100h0.6L/kgPk-Pd of newest antimicrobial agents for resistant GPCDrugT 1/2PAETime/ConcentrationPK/PDPK/PDPK/PDLinezolid4-6hProlongedTAUICTMICAUIC:80-120TMIC40%:Pneumococci 85%:Severe infection 1Tigec
6、ycline36hProlongedTAUICTMICAUIC 17.9:cSSTIAUIC 6.96:cIAITMIC 50%Daptomycin8-9hProlongedCAUICCmax/MIC AUIC 189(Free)Cmax/MIC:2-4 bacteriocidal Vancomycin4-8hProlongedTAUICAUIC 400Trough level:15-20 mg/LTeicoplanin70-100hProlongedTAUICAUIC 125:Trough level 10 mg/LAUIC 350 :Trough level 20 mg/L1.Bacter
7、aemia,LRTI,skin and skin structure infection抗真菌药物的抗真菌药物的Pk-PdMayo Clin Proc.2019;86(8):805-817抗真菌药物的抗真菌药物的Pk-PdM.sinnollareddy,et al.Int J Antimicrob Agents(2019),doi:10.1016Pk-Pd of Antifungal Agents-lactams;Carbapenems增加增加单次给药量、给药频率、延长输注时间单次给药量、给药频率、延长输注时间(Extended/prolonged infusion);持续输注();持续输注(
8、continuous infusion)能够使抗生素血清浓度更大限度保持于能够使抗生素血清浓度更大限度保持于MIC值之上,值之上,更有利于发挥抗生素的抗菌活性,保证临床疗效。更有利于发挥抗生素的抗菌活性,保证临床疗效。Pk changes in critically ill patientsICUICU常见感染抗生素应用要点常见感染抗生素应用要点nGet it right the first timenHit hard upfront nBroad-spectrum antibiotics(appropriate spectrum)nShort period/duration nDe-escalation or stoppednPk-Pd individualization内容提要内容提要nICU常见的易发感染的疾病常见的易发感染的疾病nICU获得性感染病原特征获得性感染病原特征nICU常见的易发感染病原学常见的易发感染病原学nICU常见感染抗生素选择策略常见感染抗生素选择策略nICU常见感染抗生素应用要点常见感染抗生素应用要点谢谢观看谢谢观看共同学习相互提高