1、2021/7/261(最新整理)英语语法特殊句式2021/7/262特殊句式特殊句式（强调句、倒装句、省略句）强调句、倒装句、省略句）英语语法专项2021/7/263强调句强调句 强调是有效地进行思想交流的重要手段之一。人们在交际过程中，为了使自己的思想能被对方恰当地理解，必须加强语气，突出重要的内容，增加对比效果与感情色彩，这时就会用到强调。2021/7/264 1.“助动词助动词do(does/did)+谓语动词谓语动词”的强调形的强调形式式 “助动词助动词do(does/did)+do(does/did)+谓语动词谓语动词”是英语中强是英语中强调谓语的方法。在这里调谓语的方法。在这里do
2、do的含义是的含义是“的确，务必，的确，务必，千万，真的千万，真的”。Do come early next time.He did send you a letter last week.2021/7/265 2.“It is/was+被强调部分被强调部分+that/who(m)”强调句型强调句型“It is/was+It is/was+被强调部分被强调部分 +that/who(m)+that/who(m)”句型中的句型中的it it 没有实际意义，只是用来改变没有实际意义，只是用来改变句子结构，使句子的某一成分得到强调。句子结构，使句子的某一成分得到强调。所强调的可以是谓语以外的其他任何成份
3、，所强调的可以是谓语以外的其他任何成份，如主语、宾语、状语等。如主语、宾语、状语等。2021/7/266（1 1）强调句型的时态）强调句型的时态 原句中的谓语动词时态是一般过去时、过去将来时、过去进行时或过去完成时等表示过去的时态时，用It was that 表示现9在的时态时，用It is that It is the computer the computer that is doing many jobs.When was it that the football match started?2021/7/267(2)(2)强调句型中的数强调句型中的数 被强调部分无论是单数还是复数，It
4、 后的动词均用单数形式，即is 或 was“It is+被强调部分被强调部分+who”强调句型强调句型 It isIt is they whowho have finished cleaning the classroom.他们才是已经打扫完教室的人。2021/7/268(3)被强调部分的人称和数 被强调部分如果是原句的主语，who/that 后面的谓语在人称和数上应与原句主语保持一致 It wasIt was they they thatthat were talking and laughing.是他们在又说又笑的。2021/7/269（4 4）强调句指人和指物的情况）强调句指人和指物的情
5、况 被强调部分指人时，被强调部分指人时，It is(was)It is(was)后用后用whowho（强调（强调主语）主语）,whom,whom（强调宾语）或（强调宾语）或 thatthat均可均可 指事物或情况时，通常用指事物或情况时，通常用thatthat（不用（不用whenwhen，wherewhere，whichwhich等）等）It was yesterday that he saw me in the park.It was in the street that they quarreled.2021/7/2610倒装句倒装句 倒装句倒装句是指句子成分不是按照主语在前、谓语在后的正
6、常语序排列，而是将谓语或谓语的一部分一到主语之前。倒装句是一种修辞手段，目的是为了强调。倒装倒装分为完全倒装和部分倒装。完全倒装完全倒装的方法是把句子的主谓语序颠倒过来，把谓语移到主语前面。部分倒装部分倒装是把句子谓语的一部分（主要是助动词或系动词）放到句子主语前，构成部分倒装。2021/7/2611、部分谓语（情态动词、助动词、连系、部分谓语（情态动词、助动词、连系动词）在前，谓语的主体部分仍在主语之动词）在前，谓语的主体部分仍在主语之后的句子，叫后的句子，叫部分倒装句部分倒装句。Only then did he realize that he was wrong.英语倒装句分为两种英语倒装
7、句分为两种：、整个谓语在前的句子，叫、整个谓语在前的句子，叫完全倒装句完全倒装句。Here comes the car.2021/7/2612倒倒 装装 句句必须弄清的两点：若有主从句，哪句倒装。若有主从句，哪句倒装。部分倒装还是完全倒装。部分倒装还是完全倒装。2021/7/2613完全倒装完全倒装 1.1.表示方位和时间的副词位于句首时（表示方位和时间的副词位于句首时（now,thennow,then，here,there,out,in,up,down,away,back,off,on ),here,there,out,in,up,down,away,back,off,on ),句句子全部倒
8、装。子全部倒装。注：主语是代词时，注：主语是代词时，不倒装。（如不倒装。（如5 5，6 6）1)Here comes the bus.2)There goes the bell.3)Away went the students.4)Now comes the chance.5)Out rushed the children.Out hehe rushed.6)There comes the bus.There hehe comes.注意：注意：1.1.不能用进行时；不能用进行时；2.2.主语为人称代词时不主语为人称代词时不倒装。倒装。2021/7/2614Only+状语状语 原句：原句：We
9、can achieve success only through hard work.倒装：Only through hard work can we achieve success.2021/7/2615否定词否定词/包含否定词的词组包含否定词的词组 原句：原句：I didnt get up until 9:00.倒装：倒装：Not until 9:00 did I get up.2021/7/2616So/such that 原句：He spoke so fast that I didnt understand him.倒装：So fast did he speak that I didn
10、t understand him.2021/7/2617So单独出现在句首单独出现在句首 Mary had a good time last night.So she did,and so did I.2021/7/2618 2.2.以介词短语表示的状语，提前位于句首时，全以介词短语表示的状语，提前位于句首时，全部倒装。部倒装。1)In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.2)In front of our school stands a tower.3)By either side of the river g
11、row a lot of apple trees.4)At the top of the mountain stands a temple.5)Among the goods are Christmas trees,flowers and toys.2021/7/2619 3.表语位于句首时，倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”形容词形容词+连系动词连系动词+主语主语 Present Present at the meeting at the meeting werewere Professor Professor White,Professor Smith and many other gue
12、sts.White,Professor Smith and many other guests.过去分词过去分词+连系动词连系动词+主语主语 GoneGone areare the days when they could do what they the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.liked to the Chinese people.2021/7/2620部分倒装部分倒装 1.1.将将soneither nor soneither nor 放在开头放在开头,表示表示“也也(不不)”的意思时的意
13、思时,部分倒装部分倒装 注注:表示表示“确实是这样确实是这样”时时,不倒装不倒装FHe went to the film last night.So did I.FYou must finish your work,so must I.FShe is interested in the story,so am I.FHe didnt turn up.Neither did his brother.FHis mother told him not to go to the film.So he did.2021/7/2621 2.2.在在if if 条件句中条件句中,通常可以省略通常可以省略if
14、,if,而将从句倒装而将从句倒装 条件条件:在在if if 条件句条件句,必须含有系动词必须含有系动词were,were,助动词助动词 had had 和和情态动词情态动词should should Were he younger(=If he were younger),he would learn skating.Should they forget(=If they should forget)to bring a map with them,they would get lost in the woods.Had they realized(=If they had realized)
15、how important the task was,they wouldnt have refused to accept.Were I you,I would help her.2021/7/2622 3.3.否定词或半否定词否定词或半否定词(never,little,seldom,not,nowhere(never,little,seldom,not,nowhere无处无处,few,by no means,few,by no means决不决不 ,at no time,at no time 从不从不)位于句首位于句首,应部分倒装应部分倒装Never have I been there.L
16、ittle did I know about it.Seldom did she come late to school.Not a single mistake did he make.By no means should you buy that kind of car2021/7/2623 4.4.以以not until ,no sooner not until ,no sooner than,than,hardly hardly when,not only when,not only but also but also 所引导的状所引导的状语放在句首时语放在句首时,需要部分倒装需要部分
17、倒装Not until 10clock the will library open.No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me.Hardly had the train arrived when I ran to meet my friend.Not only does she speak English but also she follows the British way of life.2021/7/2624 5.only 5.only 及其修饰的状语位于句首时，后面的句子部分倒及其修饰的状语位于句首时，后面的句子部分倒装。装。oft
18、en often 位于句首时，同样。位于句首时，同样。FOnly in this way can we solve the problem.FOnly then could the experiment show its result.FOnly when the war was over was he able to go home.FOften did I advise him to give it up.FOnly he was right.Only+Only+主语位于句首不倒装主语位于句首不倒装2021/7/2625 6.6.SosuchSosuchthat that 句型中，以句型中
19、，以sosuch sosuch 开头的句子开头的句子中，主句要部分倒装中，主句要部分倒装 1.So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.2.So small were the words that he could hardly see them.3.Such an interesting film was it that we were all deeply moved.2021/7/2626 7.asas引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序 n(n(不带冠词不带冠词
20、)/adj/adv/v+as+subject+be/)/adj/adv/v+as+subject+be/情态情态动词动词 Child as he is,he knows a lot about the world.=Though he is a child,he knows a lot about the world.单数可数名词作表语提前不用冠词单数可数名词作表语提前不用冠词Young as he is,he knows more than you.2021/7/2627 8.在某些表示祝愿的句型中，用部分倒装。May you can have a sweet dream.2021/7/26
21、28省略句省略句 省略句省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。出于修辞是英语的一种习惯用法。出于修辞上的需要，本该具有的成份在句中并不出上的需要，本该具有的成份在句中并不出现，这种句子叫做省略句。现，这种句子叫做省略句。其特点其特点是：是：虽然省去句子语法构造所需要虽然省去句子语法构造所需要的组成部分，但仍能表达其完整的意义。的组成部分，但仍能表达其完整的意义。省略形式多样，从单词、短语到分句，都省略形式多样，从单词、短语到分句，都可省略，而且各有一定的衔接关系。可省略，而且各有一定的衔接关系。2021/7/2629简单句中的省略简单句中的省略 1.1.省略主语省略主语 Havent seen you
22、for years!(Haven(Havent t 前省略了主语前省略了主语I)I)2.2.省略谓语或部分谓语省略谓语或部分谓语 Anything you want?(Anything(Anything 前省略了前省略了Is there)Is there)The students still waiting.(The students(The students 前省略了前省略了Are)Are)3.3.省略宾语省略宾语 -Where is your brother?-I dont know.(know(know 后面省略了后面省略了 where he is)where he is)2021/7/
23、2630 4.4.省略表语省略表语 -Are you ready?-Yes,I am.(am(am后省略了后省略了ready)ready)5.5.省略定语省略定语 He spent part of the money.The rest he saved.(The rest(The rest后省略了定语后省略了定语of the money)of the money)6.6.省略状语省略状语 He was not hurt.Strange!(Strange前面省略了状省略了状语语how)how)2021/7/2631不定式的省略回答不定式的省略回答 系动词（系动词（bebe）+形容词，即形容词，即
24、 be be afraid/glad/happy/willing afraid/glad/happy/willing 等后面接不定式时，有等后面接不定式时，有时为了避免重复，常省略与上文表达相同意思的时为了避免重复，常省略与上文表达相同意思的不定式符号不定式符号to to 之后的内容，只保留不定式符号之后的内容，只保留不定式符号toto-Could you go shopping with me?-Im glad to(go shopping with you).-Ill be away on business trip.Would you mind looking after my cat?
25、-Not at all.Ill be happy to(look after your cat).2021/7/2632So+So+助动词助动词/情态动词情态动词+主语主语 这一结构用来表示相同概念，即前面所说这一结构用来表示相同概念，即前面所说的情况也同样适用于另一人或物，意思是的情况也同样适用于另一人或物，意思是“同样，也那样同样，也那样”，既属于省略结构，也，既属于省略结构，也属于倒装结构。属于倒装结构。I Im an English teacher,m an English teacher,so is my wifeso is my wife.It is sunny today.It
26、is sunny today.So it is.=It So it is.=Its really sunny today.s really sunny today.I suppose itI suppose its going to rain tomorrow.s going to rain tomorrow.Oh,I hope not.Oh,I hope not.2021/7/2633由由nor,neithernor,neither等引导的省略句等引导的省略句 在否定结构中，由nor,neither等引导的否定句也是一种省略句，这种句子在意思上与前面的句子是相同的，而且主谓用倒装。I wou
27、ld never go to that restaurant again.Neither would I.2021/7/2634 1.-Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.-I _.A.dont B.wont C.cant D.havent 2.-I havent seen the film Pirates of the Caribbean:On Stranger Tides.-_.A.Neither have I B.So have I C.Neither I have D.So I have 3.Hey,Nick._ come
28、s the last bus!Hurry up,or well have to walk home.A.This B.There C.That D.It2021/7/2635 4.-I never drink coffee.-_.A.So do I B.So did I C.Neither did I D.Neither do I 5.We laugh at jokes,but seldom _ about how they work.A.we think B.think we C.we do think D.do we think 6.It is the ability to do the job _ matters not where you come from or what you are.A.one B.that C.what D.it 7.-I have changed my job.-_.A.So do I B.So have I C.So I do D.So I have2021/7/2636
