1、车 主 需 求Car Owners Requirement 恢复事故前状况收费合理 Value for money质量 Quality快速Fast车 主 需 求Car Owners Requirement 对顾客而言质量意味着 For customers,Quality means车子看起来和事故前没有什么区别Looks good as same as before the accident 无痕 Repair Area Invisible部件恢复原状 Consist Gaps of Body Panels/Repair Area Smooth颜色一致 Accurate Color漆面无缺陷
2、No visible paint defects车子的驾驶性能和事故前没有什么区别Drives the same as before the accident颜色一致颜色一致Accurate color 客户投诉及满意度低的重要方面Customer un-satifaction and complains 色差问题色差问题Problem of chromatism调色调色Color MatchingColor MatchingColour match为什么修理人员需要比对色卡，选择最接近的颜色，调出油漆还要再进行微调？为什么修理人员需要比对色卡，选择最接近的颜色，调出油漆还要再进行微调？Why
3、 does the painter need use the standard color card to choose the closest color and mixing color,but still have to tinting it?颜颜色色标标准准车身车身零部件零部件新车新车旧车旧车修补后修补后PPG颜色标准板颜色标准板 颜色数据库颜色数据库色卡色卡配方配方修理厂修理厂原厂生产中的颜色偏差原厂生产中的颜色偏差不同产地不同产地不同车型不同车型不同油漆供应商不同油漆供应商不同批次的油漆不同批次的油漆车身和零部件之间的差异车身和零部件之间的差异售后市场中的颜色偏差售后市场中的颜色偏
4、差油漆老化变色油漆老化变色车辆多次维修补漆车辆多次维修补漆修补应用中的颜色偏差修补应用中的颜色偏差色卡是否与车身相符色卡是否与车身相符配方是否与色卡相符配方是否与色卡相符色卡和配方是否及时更新色卡和配方是否及时更新并能送达漆工并能送达漆工称量偏差称量偏差喷涂偏差喷涂偏差喷涂技术是否标准喷涂技术是否标准颜色工具中的颜色偏差颜色工具中的颜色偏差色卡制作是否准确色卡制作是否准确配方光盘是否准确配方光盘是否准确标准板的偏差标准板的偏差标准板真的标准吗标准板真的标准吗?COLOR AUDITING颜色审查颜色审查TRAINING培训培训 颜色问题来源于哪些方面？差异色Color Various差异色是如
5、何产生的?WHERE DOES IT COME FROM?n汽车制造商 The Car Maker.n油漆制造商 Paints Suppliers.n外界环境因素造成颜色变化environment factor change the color原厂颜色和差异色OE Manufacture and Color Variationn出现差异色的原因Causes of variationn不同的工厂Different factoriesn不同的油漆供应商Different paint suppliersn颜料的改变Pigment changesn不同的技术/工艺Different technolog
6、ies/applicationn因使用时间长而改变Drift with time汽车制造商 The Car Maker n供漆系统Paint systemn生产线的速度Line Speedn生产线的调试 Line Trialsn生产线的故障 Line problemsn工厂间的差异 Plant differencesn漆膜厚度 Film builds偏绿偏绿偏红偏红标准颜色标准颜色原厂漆与修补漆不同1.固化温度不同，所有的原厂漆都要经高温140-210固化，而汽车修补漆则不同，可以自然干燥，也可以低温烘烤，温度一般在55-75。原厂漆与修补漆不同difference between OEM a
7、nd Refinish2.喷涂设备不同difference equipment of spray-painting 原厂漆喷涂使用的设备：主要采用机器人、往复机、旋杯，而且为提高雾化和涂料利用率，主要汽车制造厂均采用静电喷涂技术；The spray-painting equipment of OEM:they are mainly automaton reciprocator,spinning cup and in order to increase the using efficiecy primary car makers introduce the technology of elect
8、rostatic painting.汽车修补漆使用的设备：主要为手工空气喷涂。尤其是银粉漆，其颜料为金属铝，采用静电喷涂与空气喷涂会产生颜色差异。The equipment of refinish:they are mainly handmade air painting especially painting of silver power whose pigment is aluminum.if you choose electrostatic painting and air painting,it will bring color difference.原厂漆与修补漆不同differe
9、nce between OEM and Refinish3.喷涂环境和喷涂工艺不同 difference of spray-painting environment and spray-painting technique 由于原厂漆与修补漆的施工环境不同，采用的设备不同，因而采用的喷涂工艺也不同，例如喷涂压力不同，油漆的稀释比不同，溶剂的挥发速度不同，尤其是银粉漆，由于其成分的特性，对所用的稀释剂和压力等,以及环境条件非常敏感，很容易产生色差。Due to the different building environment and different equipments between
10、OEM and Refinish,we choose the different painting technique.For example,if the presses of painting are different the ratio of paint dilution and the volatilize rate of solvent are different especially painting of silver power it usually bringschromatism because of its componential characters its sen
11、sitive to the thinner press environment and so on.油漆供应商 The Paint Makern新技术/技术差异New/Different technologies.n由原料供应商引起的每批次生产的油漆之间的出现差异Batch to Batch variation from the various paint suppliers.油漆供应商The Paint Makern新技术或不同的生产技术。n不同的原料供应商或不同的批次的油漆。即使是同一批油漆，经过长期搅拌，银粉薄片相互剪切细化，也会产生颜色差异。颜色差异difference of colo
12、r 外界环境,也是造成颜色差异的一个很大的因素,如紫外线的长期照射,造成漆膜褪色老化;大气污染,如烟雾、酸雨都能使油漆的颜色发生变化。Outside circumstance is a important factor of making the color different.long tome irradiation of ultraviolet make the paining film fade and aging.Pollution of atmosphere such as smoke and acid rain can change the color of painting.n
13、外界环境因素造成颜色变化environment factor change the colorn以前曾作过喷涂修补 The Previous Repair.n调色不准 Poor Matchn施工存在问题导致颜色不对 Application issuesn人为错误 Human error.颜色差异difference of color颜色差异difference of color 除颜色之外，还存在漆面纹理、光泽和鲜映性的匹配。如果客户在以上任何一个方面看到差别，他们都会说“颜色”不准.Besides color there are the matching problems of film t
14、exture,gloss and depth of image.if there are difference,customers will consider that the colors are unmatched.颜色是介于下列物体之间的相互作用：颜色是介于下列物体之间的相互作用：The colour we see is a interaction between the人眼人眼Human Eye光源光源Light 我们怎样看到颜色的How we see colour 物体物体Object当光照到物体表面时，一些组成色会被吸收，其它的被反射：当光照到物体表面时，一些组成色会被吸收，其它的
15、被反射：When light shines on an object,some of the colours component are absorbed and others are reflected.我们怎样看到颜色的How we see colour 日日 光光SUNLIGHT红红 黄黄 绿绿 蓝蓝RED -YELLOW -GREEN -BLUE白白 炽炽 灯灯 光光INCANDESCENT LIGHT黄黄 红红YELLOW -RED反射绿色波长的光反射绿色波长的光Reflected Green Wavelength 除绿光外的除绿光外的所有色光都所有色光都被吸收被吸收All but
16、Green Waves Absorbed绿绿 色色 板板bule panel绿绿 色色 板板bule panelbule panel光源中色光成分很少，所以实际光源中色光成分很少，所以实际被反射的绿色波长也很少被反射的绿色波长也很少Less Wavelength Reflectance Due To Less Light Components To Reflect我们怎样看到颜色的How we see colour 在低压钠灯下（相当于路灯），红色是最容易发生异构的颜色The most common form of metamerism is with reds viewed under lo
17、w pressure sodium lights(white frost street lamps)在自然光线下看上去一样的两块颜色，在钠灯光下在自然光线下看上去一样的两块颜色，在钠灯光下,他们的颜色却差别明显他们的颜色却差别明显光的异构现象 of light日光sunlight蓝绿黄红蓝绿黄红BLUE -GREEN -YELLOW -RED包含所有波长的可见光包含所有波长的可见光 所有的光都可以被反射所有的光都可以被反射Contains all the visible light.All available for reflection普通荧光灯AVERAGE FLUORESCENT LIG
18、HT普通荧光灯与自然光AVERAGE FLUORESCENT LIGHT-compared to sunlight-400 500 600 700相相对对能能量量自然光自然光Natural Light 普通荧光灯普通荧光灯Average Fluorescent Light050100150200紫紫violet 蓝蓝blue绿绿green黄黄yellow橙橙orange红红redRelative Energy暖调白炽灯 INCANDESCENT LIGHT普通白炽灯ORDINARY INCANDESCENT LIGHT-compared to sunlight-400 500 600 7000
19、50100150200紫紫violet蓝蓝blue绿绿green黄黄yellow橙橙orange红红red相相对对能能量量自然光自然光Natural Light 普通白炽灯普通白炽灯Ordinary Incandescent LightRelative Energy修正日光灯(光谱灯)MACBETH FILTERED DAYLIGHT(SPECTRALIGHT)-compared to sunlight-050100150200400 500 600 700自然光自然光 Natural LightMACBETH修正日光灯修正日光灯Macbeth Filtered Daylight相相对对能能量
20、量紫紫violet蓝蓝blue绿绿green黄黄yellow橙橙orange红红redRelative Energy设备equipment 没有配备:标准配色灯箱(昼光灯源).Equipment without the Color Assessment Cabinet.色板喷涂柜without the cabinet of spraying color board 颜色问题来源 source of color problem 没有标准光源调色灯箱没有标准光源调色灯箱,导致在自然光线导致在自然光线不好时调色准确度低不好时调色准确度低,返工率高返工率高the exact degree of mix
21、 colors is low when the natural ray is poor and the returning efficiency is high without the Color Assessment Cabinet.色差产生原因之一 光源one causations of chromatism lamp-house色板喷涂柜the cabinet of spraying color board 调漆间 需安装以下设备equipment needed in the mixing room 1.1.调色机调色机matchine of mixing paintingmatchin
22、e of mixing painting2.2.电子秤电子秤electronic balance3.3.阅读机阅读机/电脑电脑reader/computerreader/computer4.4.调色桌调色桌table of mixing paintingtable of mixing painting 5.5.国际色卡箱国际色卡箱box of international color-cardbox of international color-card6.6.办公桌办公桌deskdesk7.7.色母存放架色母存放架 shelf of basicshelf of basic8.8.漆料辅料架漆料
23、辅料架shelf of painting and assistant materialshelf of painting and assistant material9.9.剩漆架剩漆架shelf of remnant paintingshelf of remnant painting10.10.工具置放架工具置放架shelf of toolshelf of tool11.11.色板喷涂柜、储存箱色板喷涂柜、储存箱cabinet of spraying color boardcabinet of spraying color boardthe the cabinet of depositedc
24、abinet of deposited12.12.调色灯箱调色灯箱the Color Assessmentthe Color Assessment Cabinet Cabinet 颜色是介于下列物体之间的相互作用：颜色是介于下列物体之间的相互作用：The colour we see is a interaction between the人眼人眼Human Eye光源光源Light 我们怎样看到颜色的How we see colour 物体物体Object比较颜色方法不当，所反映的不是实际油漆的颜色比较颜色方法不当，所反映的不是实际油漆的颜色if the methods of comparin
25、g colors are improper,it will not reflect the actual painting colors 比较物体颜色comparing colors 面漆颜料颜料是带有颜色的化颜料是带有颜色的化合物，经过精细研磨合物，经过精细研磨后以粉未的形式加入后以粉未的形式加入油漆中。其作用是使油漆中。其作用是使油漆具有颜色，同时油漆具有颜色，同时改善油漆的遮盖能力改善油漆的遮盖能力。好的颜料应该具有。好的颜料应该具有出色的耐光性和耐候出色的耐光性和耐候性，经过长时间的使性，经过长时间的使用，油漆的颜色和遮用，油漆的颜色和遮盖能力都不会改变。盖能力都不会改变。普通颜料普通
26、颜料均匀、基本的颜色金属颜料金属颜料普通及透镜型铝粉云母颜料云母颜料带有颜色的云母粉银粉的种类透镜型透镜型普通型普通型闪光铝片标准铝片银粉漆颜色正侧光差异n当你在A角度观察时，可以看到金属光泽，因为铝粉表面反射光线n当你在B角度观察时，颗粒尺寸小，没有反射，颜色变暗，这就是侧面色调银粉漆银粉漆铝粉铝粉BA颜料颗粒（红、蓝颜料颗粒（红、蓝）云母粉/珍珠漆云母云母金属氧化物，例如：二氧化钛金属氧化物，例如：二氧化钛2Coated aluminiumRusset PearlBlue PearlCopper pearlGreen pearlYellow pearl放放大大的的云云母母颜颜料料金属漆中铝
27、片的取向颜料和银粉在色漆内的正常分布颜料和银粉在色漆内的正常分布标准深浅的颜色标准深浅的颜色Standard Colour Shade颜料和银粉均匀地分散在漆膜中颜料和银粉均匀地分散在漆膜中Metallic flake and pigment dispersed evenly throughout the film.银粉在色漆内水平分布银粉在色漆内水平分布FLAT ORIENTATION OFMETALLICS较多的银粉分散在漆膜表面且多为水平位置较多的银粉分散在漆膜表面且多为水平位置Metallic flake toward top of film and flatter颜料大多沉在漆膜底部
28、颜料大多沉在漆膜底部Pigment toward bottom of film颜色变得更亮和更灰颜色变得更亮和更灰Makes color lighter and grayer银粉在色漆内垂直分布银粉在色漆内垂直分布PERPENDICULAR ORIENTATION OF METALLICS较深的颜色较深的颜色Darker Color Shade较多的银粉分散在漆膜底部且多为垂直放置较多的银粉分散在漆膜底部且多为垂直放置More flake toward bottom of film and more vertical 大多数颜料在漆膜的表面大多数颜料在漆膜的表面More Pigment fla
29、ke toward top of film喷涂技巧可以调整银粉的颜色效果喷涂技巧可以调整银粉的颜色效果 深浅方法方法管理未制订调色程序；未配置合理设备；导致随意操作management:do not make a plan of mixing color，without necessary equipment,leading to operation at random.前台业务与车主，保险公司谈判不够专业，修补面积工时上未争取到合理空间Reception-the communication with the car owners and the insurance agents unprof
30、essionally,difficult in getting agreement on reasonable repairing area and working hours.设备没有标准配色灯箱(昼光灯源)Equipment-without the Color Assessment Cabinet.技术操作不够标准，例如调色前不进行色母搅拌，电子秤操作环境不好，维护不好；油漆调配量太少；不懂得喷涂对颜色的影响technologythe operations are not standard,such as do not stir the basics before mixing the p
31、ainting,the the environment of electronic balance is poor,less of maintenance;mixing too less paints,dont understand the influences of operation on the colors.颜色问题来源source of color problem前台业务-与车主，保险公司谈判不够专业，修补面积工时上未争取到合理空间Reception-the communication with the car owners and the insurance agents unpr
32、ofessionally,difficult in getting agreement on reasonable repairing area and working hours.颜色问题来源sources of color problem 修补区修补区色漆过渡喷涂区色漆过渡喷涂区原厂颜色原厂颜色原厂颜色原厂颜色 巧修巧修修补区修补区SPOT REPAIRAREA颜色过渡喷涂区域颜色过渡喷涂区域COLOUR BLEND AREA原厂颜色原厂颜色OEM COLOUR颜色的过渡（底色漆过渡）可能限制在一个板块之内，也有可能延伸到其它板块 A colour blend may be limited
33、 to within one panel-or it may extend into adjacent panels.原厂颜色原厂颜色OEM COLOUR待修补区待修补区过渡区过渡区色漆需要扩展到邻接区色漆需要扩展到邻接区使用使用1500水磨水磨砂纸或等效物打磨砂纸或等效物打磨两边门的清漆两边门的清漆板块过渡喷涂板块过渡喷涂使用使用 1200-1500水磨水磨砂纸或等效物打磨砂纸或等效物打磨REPAIR AREACOLOUR BLENDADJACENT PANELCOLOR BLENDSAND WITH 1200-1500GRIT WET OR EQUALSAND WITH 1200-1500
34、GRIT WET OR EQUALCLEARCOAT BOTH PANELS板块过渡喷涂板块过渡喷涂整板喷涂PANEL REPAIR过渡喷涂Blending Repairn颜色只能微调到最接近的可过渡颜色Colors only can be match to the closest one suitable for blending repairn颜色的过渡喷涂是获得无痕修补效果的最有效的方法 The effective way to get a invisible repair is to adopt blending repairn采用不同的喷涂方式来改变喷涂的颜色change spray
35、 conditions to change the color of the spray out.n颜色的微调应作为配色的最后手段 Tinting color is the last choice for accurate color过渡喷涂Blending Repairn与其在喷涂进行到中间阶段时才想起处理邻接的板面，在喷涂没有开始之前就准备邻接板面以便进行过渡处理显得更为容易 Prepare the blending panels before repairing rather than prepare them in the middle of the repair.n准备邻接板面时，一
36、定要坚持处理整个板面 All the panels involved should be prepared thoroughly and wholly如果局部修补部位靠近相邻板块，把色漆过渡到相如果局部修补部位靠近相邻板块，把色漆过渡到相邻板块。如果是整板修补，要把色漆过渡到所有相邻板块。如果是整板修补，要把色漆过渡到所有相邻板块。邻板块。如果是如果是BC/清漆系统，所有涉及的板块上都要喷涂清漆系统，所有涉及的板块上都要喷涂清漆清漆如果是单工序的面漆，把喷涂范围扩大数倍于修补如果是单工序的面漆，把喷涂范围扩大数倍于修补区域，在边缘处喷涂接口水，漆膜干燥后抛光处理区域，在边缘处喷涂接口水，漆膜干
37、燥后抛光处理When a spot repair is close to an adjacent panel,blend the colour into it.If an entire panel is painted,blend into the major panels on all sides of it.Clearcoat all panels involved in a base/clear system.For a single stage colour,step it out a couple of times,use a blending solvent on the edge
38、s,and polish it when dry.板块过渡喷涂板块过渡喷涂整板喷涂/板块过渡喷涂BLENDING/PANEL REPAIR整个区域喷涂清漆整个区域喷涂清漆Clearcoat entire side色漆过渡喷涂至与门邻接的区域（板）色漆过渡喷涂至与门邻接的区域（板）Extend colour edge onto adjacent panels用色漆喷涂整个门板用色漆喷涂整个门板Colour entire door收费合理Valuable无痕Repair Area Invisible快速fast如果不能进行过渡喷涂n牢记喷涂方式会改变喷涂的颜色n微调颜色，即使是调色人员配色，也需要
39、喷涂车辆者喷涂色板比色n颜色核准无误后，喷涂车辆者严格按照喷涂色板条件（气压、同一把喷枪、同样的喷涂条件）进行车辆喷涂n喷涂清漆前检验（未喷涂清漆的色板及喷涂清漆的色板）颜色是介于下列物体之间的相互作用：颜色是介于下列物体之间的相互作用：The colour we see is a interaction between the人眼人眼Human Eye光源光源Light 我们怎样看到颜色的How we see colour 物体物体Object人为误差human errorn每个人对颜色都由不同的观点和看法，并且每个人对颜色的判断都有微小的差别。Different people have d
40、ifferent views and opinions on colors and the judgement between them exist tiny difference n人的眼睛存在视觉误差。Peoples eyes exist visual error+盯住中间的“+”保持20秒+这些颜色环是静止的还是转动的？这些颜色环是静止的还是转动的？Are these color circle rotational or motionless?技术操作不够标准:technologythe operations are not standard 例如调色前不进行色母搅拌such as do
41、 not stir the basic before mixing the painting 电子秤操作环境不好，维护不好the environment of electronic balance is poor and less of maintenance 油漆调配量太少,不懂得喷涂对颜色的影响 mixing too less paints,dont understand the influences of operation on the colors.颜色问题来源source of color problem管理management未制订调色程序,导致随意操作do not make a
42、 plan of mixing color,leading to operation at random.颜色问题来源source of color problem调色标准程序调色标准程序(1)(1)standard process of mixing paintingstandard process of mixing painting1.找出颜色色号，在自然日光下，对照清洁的车身找出最接近的差异色。Find out the color code and compare the clean car to find the most close color in sunlight 2.调配颜色
43、前至少搅拌色母5分钟。Stir the basics at least 5 minutes before mixing colors.3.根据所选取的差异色，按照减法调色方法使用相应颜色配方调配颜色According to the color selected,use relevant colord to adjust the colors by the minus mixing method4.采用与喷车一样的喷枪和喷涂技术喷涂样板，并确保完全遮盖。用双组份的清漆覆盖底色漆。Use the spray guns and spray technic same as the spray vehi
44、cle to spray temlet and ensure covered completely.Use the clear coat covering the base coat.5.干燥后在自然光下比较颜色。素色漆干燥后会明显变深。金属漆珍珠漆会变浅 Compare the color in sunlight after drying,plain painting will become dark and Pearlescent Coat will become shoal 6.微调颜色，必要时再喷涂样板。Tiny mixing color and spray the templet a
45、gain if it is necessary调色标准程序调色标准程序(2)(2)standard process of mixing paintingstandard process of mixing painting7.在自然日光下，再次对比目标部位检查颜色 check color of objective part again in the nature sunlight8.如果颜色一致或通过过渡修补方法可以解决，把样板放入样板箱内收集保留。保留所有喷涂的样板，并详细记录调整后配方。If colors are identical or the problem can be solved
46、 by transitional mending method,we can put templets into the templet box to collect and reserve and note the adjust scheme indetail.质量检查质量检查：qulity examination颜色调配和所有前处理工作都必须由喷漆车间主管检查后方可以喷漆面漆。颜色调配和所有前处理工作都必须由喷漆车间主管检查后方可以喷漆面漆。Woker may spry painting after the director of spray-painting department che
47、cked the Mixing colors and all the preceding disposal worksn未注意车辆是否先前被重新喷涂过 dont notice that the vehicle has been previously resprayed.n车身颜色是一种差异色 dont notice the colour on the vehicle is a variant shade.n没有利用颜色资料箱作为指导，寻找最接近的差异色Not using the colour box as a guide to finding out the closest variant.n
48、只是单纯的选择标准色 Just use No.1 formula for color matching人为错误 Human Error 选择配方时choose formulan未检查电子称是否处于水平状态，是否干净、计算准确，是否能够正常使用 Not check that the balance is level,clean,properly calibrated and regularly serviced.n色母未被搅拌均匀 The mixing scheme tinters not properly stirred.n称量不正确 Incorrect weighing调出配方时 mix t
49、he scheme人为错误 Human Error 注意注意:调色时色母调色时色母一定要混合均匀一定要混合均匀保证调色正确精确称重色母，因为只要比配方中多加几滴色母就会引起颜色变化均匀、稳定的色母均匀、稳定的色母 -定时有效地搅拌定时有效地搅拌上图并不代表正确的统计数仅仅图示说明而已!颜料溶剂树脂添加剂注意色母中的颜料、树脂、溶剂和添加剂必须均匀分布。色母只有完全搅拌均匀才可以用于调色。不均匀的色母不均匀的色母 -没有定时有效地搅拌没有定时有效地搅拌!上图并不代表正确的统计数仅仅图示说明而已!颜料溶剂树脂添加剂注意色母中的颜料沉淀在罐底。如果使用这种色母，颜色强度永远出现偏差!按照配方调色时，
50、用不均匀的色母调配的颜色都是不准确的!注意注意:调色时色母调色时色母一定要混合均匀一定要混合均匀保证调色正确精确称重色母，因为只要比配方中多加几滴色母就会引起颜色变化色母管理1.所有新的色母在放上调漆架之前必须先用手工搅拌，或振荡器振荡均匀，然后再上架搅拌15分钟2.所有色母必须每天搅拌两次，早晨上班时及中午午饭后分别搅拌一次，每次15分钟3.每次调色之前再搅拌至少5分钟4.调配好的油漆使用之前要彻底的搅拌均匀色差 n需要做什么?n查色卡箱的色卡n将色母搅拌均匀n喷试板n借口n太忙，没有时间喷试板n太忙，没有时间将色母搅拌均匀n太忙，没有时间查色卡箱的色卡 注意：手指涂抹和注意：手指涂抹和直尺
