1、ReviewSpecial English of Automobile 三大车系与常见汽车品牌三大车系美系通用福特克莱斯勒凯迪拉克别 克雪佛兰悍 马欧 宝林 肯福 特马自达克莱斯勒道 奇Jeep阿斯顿马丁三大车系欧系德国宝 马戴姆勒-奔驰大 众奔驰迈巴赫Smart宝马劳斯莱斯MINI大众奥迪保时捷布加迪兰博基尼宾利斯柯达三大车系萨博捷豹路虎沃尔沃英 国法 国意大利瑞 典印度塔塔集团标致雷诺雪铁龙法拉利菲亚特玛莎拉蒂欧系三大车系亚系丰田日 本韩 国丰田雷克萨斯本田本田讴歌尼桑尼桑英菲尼迪三菱斯巴鲁铃木马自达起亚现代国内主要的汽车企业第一汽车集团公司第一汽车集团公司广汽集团广汽集团北汽控股北汽控股
2、长安集团长安集团南汽集团南汽集团华晨汽车华晨汽车国内主要的汽车企业 长丰集团长丰集团江淮汽车江淮汽车力帆集团力帆集团国内主要的汽车企业lautomobile 5C:tEmEubi:l n.汽车(=motor car,car)lvehicle 5vi:ikl n.交通工具,车辆,媒介物,传达手段 Vehicle指通用的车辆和运载工具，可以是各种各样的车，甚到是船，飞机，火箭等。automobile出自美语，专指汽车，而且指那种小轿车。l lFirst questionFirst question：How many kinds of How many kinds of automobile you
3、 can say in English?automobile you can say in English?lbody lengine lchassis lelectrical systemlbody 5bCdi n.车身lengine 5endVin n.发动机lchassis 5FAsi n.底盘lelectrical system 电气系统lassembly E5sembli n.总成lcomponent kEm5pEunEnt n.成分lmechanism 5mekEnizEmn.机械装置,机构Figure 1-1 Overall Structure Of Classic Car(典型
4、轿车的总体构造)lengine 5endVin n.发动机发动机lconnecting rods and crankshaftlvalve gear lstarting systemlfuel systemlcooling system llubrication systemlignition systemEnginelengine 5endVin n.发动机发动机lconnecting rods and crankshaft 曲柄连杆机构lvalve gear 配气机构lstarting system 起动系统lfuel system 燃油系统lcooling system 冷却系统llub
5、rication system 润滑系统lignition system 点火系统EngineEngineFunctionlConvert heat energy into mechanical energy used to move the piston up and down.lConvert reciprocating motion of the piston into rotary motion of the crankshaft and produce power.Main components lEngine bodylPiston and connecting rod lCran
6、kshaft and flywheelEnginelinternal combustion engine 内燃机lcylinder 5silindE n.圆筒,圆柱体,汽缸lgasoline 5AsEli:n n.汽油汽油ldiesel 5di:zEl n.柴油机柴油机lspark-ignition engine 火花点火式发动机lcompression-ignition engine 压燃式发动机lcrankshaft 5krANkFB:ft n.曲轴lcamshaft 5kAmFB:ft n.凸轮轴lflywheel 5flaiwi:l n.飞轮lrotation rEu5teiFEn n
7、.旋转Single-cylinder enginecylinderpistonPiston pinConnecting rodcrankshaftOil pipeIntake valveExhaust valve Timing gearOil pumplstroke strEuk n.冲程lintake stroke 进气冲程lcompression stroke 压缩冲程lpower stroke 做功冲程lexhaust stroke 排气冲程Fig.2-1 The operation of a four-stroke-cycle gasoline engineEngine Bodycra
8、nkcasecylinder blockgasketcylinder headcylinderoil passage and water passageoil pan小结Engine Classification lCycle ClassificationlTwo-stroke cycle engine lFour-stroke cycle enginelCylinder ClassificationlIn-line enginelV-type enginelFlat engine(horizontal opposed)lCooling ClassificationlLiquid-cooled
9、 enginelAir-cooled enginelFuel ClassificationlGasoline,diesel fuelWith respect to cylinder arrangementIn-lineV-typeHorizontally opposed typelcooling system 冷却系统冷却系统lair cooling 风冷lliquid cooling 水冷lcoolant 冷却液lwater pump 水泵lthermostat 5WE:mEstAt n.节温器lradiator 5reidieitE n.散热器lfan fAnn.风扇Introductio
10、nl FunctionlKeeping the engine temperature in suitable operating scope and making the engine work most effectively.lClassificationlWater-cooling systemlAir-cooling systemWater-cooling SystemshutterShorter circulating water piperadiatorfanthermostatwater pumplfuel systems 燃油系统燃油系统lair-fuel mixture 可燃
11、混合气体lfuel pump 燃油泵lpulse fuel injection 脉冲喷射lcontinuous fuel injection 连续喷射lsensor 5sensEn.传感器fuel system 燃油系统燃油系统 The fuel system stores liquid fuel and delivers it to the engine.The fuel is stored in the tank,which is connected to a fuel pump by a fuel line.The fuel is pumped from the fuel tank th
12、rough the fuel lines.Fuel supply system arrangement燃油分配管燃油分配管汽油滤清器汽油滤清器压力调节器压力调节器油箱油箱Fuel filterpressure regulatortankFuel distribute pipeElectronic Fuel Injection SystemFuel pressure regulatorFuel tankFuel pumpCoolant Temperature sensorThrottle position sensorECUinjectorInput pipeIntake Air Tempera
13、ture Sensor Engine speed sensorAir flow sensorFilterPrinciple of L-type injection systemAir flow meter air Air flow signalIntake manifold injectioninjectorfuel Control injectionSpeed signal engineLubricating system The lubrication system is important in keeping the engine running smoothly.Motor oil
14、is the lubricant used in the system.llubrication system 润滑系统润滑系统loil pump 油泵lOil filter 机油滤清器lOil gallary 油道lrelief valve 泄压阀lOil pan 油底壳IntroductionFunctionlLubricating actionlCleaning actionlCooling actionlSealing actionLubricating system Components of Lubricating Systemsuction filter、oil pump、oil
15、 pan、oil filter、oil cooler、oil pressure gauge、oil thermometerdrain cockoil panoil filteroil lineoil strainerLubricating methods of the enginelPressure lubricatinglSplash lubricatinglstarting system 起动系统起动系统lstarter motor 起动机lignition system 点火系统点火系统lbattery 5bAtEri n.电池lignition coil 点火线圈ldistributo
16、r dis5tribjutE n.分电器lspark plug 火花塞starting system and ignition system The ignition system supplies the electric spark needed to ignite the air-fuel mixture in the cylinders.When the ignition switch is turned on,current flows from the 12-volt storage battery to the ignition coil.The coil boosts the
17、voltage to produce the strong spark of 20,000 V needed to ignite the engine fuel.Chassislchassislpower train lsteering systemlsuspension systemlbrake systemlchassis 5FAsi n.底盘底盘lpower train 传动系统lsteering system 转向系统lsuspension system 悬架系统lbrake system 制动系统lFunction Transmitting the power produced by
18、 the engine to the driving wheels.It is required to propel the vehicle,direct its motion,stop it as well as permit to run smoothly over varying road surface.l decelerate,shift,reverse,disconnect the transmission.Mechanical drive lineengineclutchtransmissionUniversal jointDrive axleFinal drivediffere
19、ntialPropeller shaftHalf axlelpower train 传动系统传动系统ltransmission trAnz5miFEn n.变速器lmanual transmission 手动变速器lautomatic transmission 自动变速器lclutch klQtF n.离合器ldifferential 7difE5renFEl n.差速器ldrive shaft 传动轴ltorque converter 液力变矩器lplanetary gear 行星齿轮lhydraulic system 液压系统lClutch（离合器）（离合器）steering system
20、 转向系统转向系统lsteering system 转向系统转向系统llinkage 5liNkidV n.联接lrack and pinion steering 齿轮齿条式传动机构lrecirculating ball steering 循环球式传动机构lpower steering 助力转向lnon power steering 非助力转向 suspension system 悬架系统悬架系统lsuspension system 悬架系统悬架系统lfront-suspension system 前悬架系统lrear-suspension system 后悬架系统lcoil spring 螺
21、旋弹簧lleaf spring 钢板弹簧ltorsion bar 扭杆弹簧lair spring 空气弹簧brake system 制动系统制动系统lbrake system 制动系统制动系统ldrum brake 鼓式制动器ldisk brake 盘式制动器lparking brake 驻车制动lservice brake 行车制动IntroductionlFunction lSlow down,stop and hold the vehicle at rest and ensure the safety of driving.Basic components of brakesBrake pedalbrake master cylinder Brake pipeBrake drumBrake cylinderFriction diskBrake shoesAnchor pinReturn spring
