1、2021/7/261(最新整理)汽车专业英语2021/7/26Page 22021/7/26Page 3lPassage AlDrive Train(I)2021/7/26Page 4The drive train serves two functions:it transmits power from the engine to the drive wheels,and it varies the amount of torque.“Power”is the speed at which work is performed.“Torque”is twisting force.2021/7/2
2、6Page 5The drive train includes:transmission that is connected to the back of the engine and sends the power from the engine to the drive wheels;driveshaft that transmits the power from transmission to differential;and differential that sends the power to the two wheel axles.See figure 4-1.2021/7/26
3、Page 6 Figure 4-1 2021/7/26Page 7Some types of drive train layouts use a“transaxle”,which is simply a combination of the transmission and the differential.These are usually found on front wheel drive cars,but are also used on rear-engine cars.See figure 4-2.2021/7/26Page 8Figure 4-2 Front wheel driv
4、e layout2021/7/26Page 9There are two types of transmissions:manual and automatic.If you have a manual transmission,you have to shift the gears yourself,usually with a stick located on your console and the clutch pedal.If you have an automatic transmission,the mechanism changes without any help from
5、you.2021/7/26Page 10This is accomplished through a system that works by oil pressure.Each shift of the gears is controlled by a shift valve;and the gear changes depend on speed,the road,and load conditions.Both manual transmission(with its clutch)and automatic transmission(plus its torque converter)
6、accomplish exactly the same thing,but they do it in totally different ways.See figure 4-3.2021/7/26Page 11Figure 4-32021/7/26Page 12Manual transmissions usually have four or five speeds,and often have“overdrive”,which means that the output shaft can turn faster than the input shaft for fuel economy
7、on the highway.In general,transmissions with more speeds provide better fuel economy and smoother shifting,but they cost more to manufacture,so small sub-compact cars will often have optional 4 speed transmissions,while more upscale cars will have 5 or 6 speed transmissions.See figure 4-4.2021/7/26P
8、age 13Figure 4-42021/7/26Page 14The modern automatic transmission is by far the most complicated mechanical component in todays automobile.Automatic transmissions contain mechanical systems,hydraulic systems,electrical systems and computer controls,all working together in perfect harmony.2021/7/26Pa
9、ge 15 All automatic transmissions have a shifter that has at least 4 positions,park,reverse neutral and drive.Many units also have a low range to assist in engine braking on long downhill runs.Others have special positions where the driver can manually shift if desired.See figure 4-5.2021/7/26Page 1
10、6Figure 4-52021/7/26Page 17Automatic transmissions contain many gears in various combinations.In a manual transmission,gears slide along shafts as you move the shift lever from one position to another,engaging various sized gears as required in order to provide the correct gear ratio.2021/7/26Page 1
11、8In an automatic transmission,however,the gears are never physically moved and are always engaged to the same gears.This is accomplished through the use of planetary gear sets.See figure 4-6.2021/7/26Page 19Figure 4-6 Planetary Gear System Side View2021/7/26Page 20The basic planetary gear set consis
12、ts of a sun gear,a ring gear and two or more planet gears,all remaining in constant mesh.The planet gears are connected to each other through a common carrier that allows the gears to spin on shafts called“pinions”attached to the carrier.2021/7/26Page 211.The drive train includes:transmission that i
13、s connected to the back of the engine and sends the power from the engine to the drive wheels;driveshaft that transmits the power from transmission to differential;and differential that sends the power to the two wheel axles.传动系包传动系包括变速器（与发动机尾部连接将发动机的动力传括变速器（与发动机尾部连接将发动机的动力传递到驱动轴）、传动轴（将动力从变速器传递到递到驱动
14、轴）、传动轴（将动力从变速器传递到差速器）、差速器（将动力传递到两个半周）。差速器）、差速器（将动力传递到两个半周）。2021/7/26Page 222.If you have a manual transmission,you have to shift the gears yourself,usually with a stick located on your console and the clutch pedal.如如果是手动变速器，必须自己换挡，通常用中控台果是手动变速器，必须自己换挡，通常用中控台上的操纵杆和离合器踏板。上的操纵杆和离合器踏板。2021/7/26Page 233.
15、Each shift of the gears is controlled by a shift valve;and the gear changes depend on speed,the road,and load conditions.每次每次换挡由换挡阀控制；挡位变换取决于车速、换挡由换挡阀控制；挡位变换取决于车速、路况和载量。路况和载量。2021/7/26Page 244.In general,transmissions with more speeds provide better fuel economy and smoother shifting,but they cost m
16、ore to manufacture,so small sub-compact cars will often have optional 4 speed transmissions,while more upscale cars will have 5 or 6 speed transmissions.一般来说，变速一般来说，变速越多的变速器燃油经济性就越好，换挡就越平顺，越多的变速器燃油经济性就越好，换挡就越平顺，但是，制造成本也就越高。所以，小型紧凑型汽但是，制造成本也就越高。所以，小型紧凑型汽车经常选用车经常选用4速变速器，而更高端汽车用速变速器，而更高端汽车用5速或速或6速变速器。速
17、变速器。2021/7/26Page 255.Automatic transmissions contain mechanical systems,hydraulic systems,electrical systems and computer controls,all working together in perfect harmony.自动变速器包含机械系统、液压系统、自动变速器包含机械系统、液压系统、电器系统和电脑控制系统、所有这些彼此协调共电器系统和电脑控制系统、所有这些彼此协调共同运作。同运作。2021/7/26Page 266.In an automatic transmissi
18、on,however,the gears are never physically moved and are always engaged to the same gears.但是，但是，在自动变速器上，齿轮本身从不移动，始在自动变速器上，齿轮本身从不移动，始终与相同齿轮啮合。终与相同齿轮啮合。2021/7/26Page 277.The planet gears are connected to each other through a common carrier that allows the gears to spin on shafts called“pinions”attached
19、 to the carrier.行星齿轮行星齿轮通过共用的行星齿轮架相互连接，行星齿通过共用的行星齿轮架相互连接，行星齿轮架使行星齿轮在被称为轮架使行星齿轮在被称为“小齿轮小齿轮”的轴的轴上旋转，上旋转，“小齿轮小齿轮”与行星齿轮架相连接。与行星齿轮架相连接。2021/7/26Page 28vary vri v.变化，改变变化，改变torque tC:k n.转力矩，扭矩，转矩，扭力转力矩，扭矩，转矩，扭力twisting twisti n.扭转扭转include in klu:d v.包括，连包括，连在内在内transmission trnzmiFn n.变速器变速器driveshaft d
20、raivF:ft n.驱动轴，传动轴，主动轴驱动轴，传动轴，主动轴differential 7difrenFl n.差速器差速器layout lei7aut n.布局，安排布局，安排transaxle trnsksl n.驱动桥，变速驱动桥，变速传动器，联合驱动桥，变速驱动桥，变速传动器，联合传动器传动器manual mnjul a.手动（的），人工（的）手动（的），人工（的）automatic 7C:tmtik a.自动的，自动装置自动的，自动装置2021/7/26Page 29axle ksl n.轮轴，车轴轮轴，车轴shift Fift v.改变，移转，移位改变，移转，移位gear gi
21、 n.齿轮，传动装置，齿轮组齿轮，传动装置，齿轮组stick stik n.手动杆手动杆console knsul n.控制台，操纵台控制台，操纵台accomplish kCmpliF v.完成，实现，达到（目的）完成，实现，达到（目的）mechanism meknizm n.机械，机构机械，机构clutch kltF n.离合器离合器smooth smu:a.平稳的，流畅的，平滑的，平顺的平稳的，流畅的，平滑的，平顺的2021/7/26Page 30mechanical miknikl a.机械的，力学的机械的，力学的component kmpunnt n.部件，成分，零件部件，成分，零件h
22、ydraulic haidrC:lik a.液压的液压的harmony h:mni n.协调，和睦，调和协调，和睦，调和shifter Fift n.变速拨叉变速拨叉downhill daunhil a.向坡下（的）；向坡下（的）；ad.走下坡路的（地）走下坡路的（地）engaging ingeidi a.接合的，啮合的接合的，啮合的planetary plnitri a.行星的行星的carrier kri n.支座，托架支座，托架spin spin v.旋转旋转pinion pinjn n.小齿轮小齿轮2021/7/26Page 31rear driveshaft 后传动轴后传动轴front
23、 driveshaft 前传动轴前传动轴drive train 传动系统传动系统twisting force 扭力，扭转力扭力，扭转力drive wheel 主动轮，驱动轮主动轮，驱动轮wheel axle 轮轴，半轴轮轴，半轴manual transaxle 手动变速差速器手动变速差速器automatic transaxle 自动变速驱动桥自动变速驱动桥clutch pedal 离合器踏板离合器踏板oil pressure 油压，油压力油压，油压力2021/7/26Page 32shift valve 换挡油阀，换挡阀换挡油阀，换挡阀fuel economy 耗热率，燃油经济性耗热率，燃油经
24、济性torque converter 液力变矩器液力变矩器low range 低速挡，低挡低速挡，低挡shift lever 变速杆变速杆gear ratio 齿轮数比，速比，减速比齿轮数比，速比，减速比planetary gear set 行星齿轮组行星齿轮组sun gear 太阳齿轮，横行齿轮太阳齿轮，横行齿轮planet gear 行星齿轮行星齿轮constant mesh 经常啮合经常啮合2021/7/26Page 332021/7/26Page 341.Rear Driveshaft 2.主动轮，驱动轮主动轮，驱动轮 3.drive train 4.油压，油压力油压，油压力5.clu
25、tch pedal 6.液力变矩器液力变矩器7.low range 8.齿圈，内齿圈齿圈，内齿圈9.shift lever 10.行星齿轮行星齿轮2021/7/26Page 35low range powershift valvehydraulic systemsgear automatic drive wheelssun gearclutch pedalmanual2021/7/26Page 361.“”is the speed at which work is performed.2.Transmission is connected to the back of the engine a
26、nd sends the power from the engine to the.3.There are two types of transmissions:manual and.2021/7/26Page 374.If you have a manual transmission,you have to shift the gears yourself,usually with a stick located on your console and the.5.Each shift of the gears is controlled by a;the gear changes depe
27、nd on speed,the road,and load conditions.2021/7/26Page 386.transmissions usually have four or five speeds.7.Automatic transmissions contain mechanical systems,electrical systems and computer controls.8.Many units also have a to assist in engine braking on long downhill runs.2021/7/26Page 399.In an a
28、utomatic transmission,the are never physically moved.10.The basic planetary gear set consists of a,a ring gear and two or more planet gears.2021/7/26Page 401.The drive train _(将汽车发动机的动力传给驱动车轮将汽车发动机的动力传给驱动车轮).2.If you have a manual transmission,_(你必你必须自己换挡须自己换挡).2021/7/26Page 413.Automatic transmissi
29、ons contain mechanical systems,hydraulic systems,electrical systems and computer controls,_(所有一切都所有一切都非常协调地在运行非常协调地在运行).4.The basic planetary gear set consists of a sun gear,a ring gear and two or more planet gears,_(它们始终保它们始终保持着接合状态持着接合状态).2021/7/26Page 425.The planet gears are connected to each ot
30、her through a common carrier that _(行星齿轮架行星齿轮架使行星齿轮在轴上旋转使行星齿轮在轴上旋转).2021/7/26Page 43Drive Train(II)2021/7/26Page 44Another basic component of all drive trains is a clutch.It is a rotating mechanism between the engine and the transmission.It operates through friction which comes from contact between
31、the parts.2021/7/26Page 45In a car with a manual transmission,we need a clutch because the engine spins all the time and the car wheels dont.In order for a car to stop without killing the engine,the wheels need to be disconnected from the engine somehow.The clutch allows us to smoothly engage a spin
32、ning engine to a non-spinning transmission by controlling the slippage between them.2021/7/26Page 46The clutch includes the flywheel,clutch disk,pressure plate,pressure plate cover and the linkage necessary to operate the clutch.See figure 4-7.2021/7/26Page 47Figure 4-72021/7/26Page 48The flywheel i
33、s bolted to the crankshaft of the engine.Its main function is to transfer engine torque from the engine to the transmission.See figure 4-8.2021/7/26Page 49Figure 4-8 Flywhee 2021/7/26Page 50The clutch disk is basically a steel plate,covered with a frictional material that goes between the flywheel a
34、nd the pressure plate.See figure 4-9.2021/7/26Page 51 Figure 4-9 Clutch Plate2021/7/26Page 52A pressure plate is bolted to the flywheel.It includes a sheet metal cover,heavy release springs,a metal pressure ring that provides a friction surface for the clutch disk.See figure 4-10.2021/7/26Page 53Fig
35、ure 4-10 Pressure Plate2021/7/26Page 54The release bearing is the heart of clutch operation.When the clutch pedal is depressed,the release bearing moves toward the flywheel,pushing in the pressure plates release fingers and moving the pressure plate fingers or levers against pressure plate spring fo
36、rce.See figure 4-11.2021/7/26Page 55Figure 4-112021/7/26Page 56The linkage transmits and multiplies the drivers leg force to the fork of the clutch pressure plate.A mechanical clutch linkage usually consists of the clutch pedal,a series of linkage rods and arms,or a cable.A hydraulic clutch linkage
37、typically includes a clutch master cylinder and reservoir,a hydraulic line and a slave cylinder.2021/7/26Page 57Automatic transmission cars use a“torque converter”instead of a clutch.A torque converter is a lager doughnut shaped device that is mounted between the engine and the transmission.It turns
38、 at the same speed as the engine.Figure 4-12 shows how everything is connected inside the torque converter.2021/7/26Page 58Figure 4-12 Torque Converter2021/7/26Page 59The torque converter has three parts that work together to transmit power to the transmission.The three parts of the torque converter
39、 are impeller(or pump),the turbine,and the stator.The impeller is mounted directly to the torque housing which in turn is bolted directly to the engines crankshaft and turns at engine speed.2021/7/26Page 60The turbine is inside the housing and is connected directly to the input shaft of the transmis
40、sion providing power to move the car.The stator(or guide wheel)between the two is mounted to a one-way clutch so that it can spin freely in one direction but not in the other.2021/7/26Page 61The torque converter is filled with transmission fluid that is moved by the impeller blades.The stators vanes
41、 catch the oil thrown off from the impeller,and use it to move the turbines blades.When the impeller spins above a certain speed,the turbine spins,driven by the impeller.See figure 4-13.2021/7/26Page 62Fluid enters here Figure 4-132021/7/26Page 63A drive shaft and universal joints(U-joints)connect t
42、he transmission to the rear drive axle on most rear-wheel-drive cars.Many four-wheel-drive cars also use drive shafts and universal joints,with one drive shaft between the transfer case and rear drive axle and a second drive shaft between the transfer case and the front drive axle.The drive shaft is
43、 sometimes called a propeller shaft.See figure 4-14.2021/7/26Page 64Figure 4-142021/7/26Page 65The drive shaft and U-joints provide a means of transferring engine torque to drive axles.The universal joints allow the drive shaft to move up and down,to allow for suspension travel.Some drive shafts als
44、o have a slip joint that allows the drive shaft to make minor length changes as the car suspension height changes.2021/7/26Page 66The differential is mounted in a housing or a differential case and revolves with the ring gear.See figure 4-15.It performs two tasks:when the car is traveling straight a
45、head,both wheels are free to rotate,the lever will divide the diving force equally,and both disks will move the same amount.When a car is cornered,the inner wheel moves through a shorter distance than the outer wheel.This means that the inner wheel must slow down,and the outer wheel must speed up.20
46、21/7/26Page 67Figure 4-152021/7/26Page 681.In order for a car to stop without killing the engine,the wheels need to be disconnected from the engine somehow.要要使汽车停下来而不伤及发动机，必须设法使汽车停下来而不伤及发动机，必须设法让车轮与发动机脱离。让车轮与发动机脱离。2021/7/26Page 692.The clutch allows us to smoothly engage a spinning engine to a non-s
47、pinning transmission by controlling the slippage between them.离合器通过控制在两者之间离合器通过控制在两者之间产生的滑动使旋转的发动机与非旋转的变产生的滑动使旋转的发动机与非旋转的变速器平顺啮合。速器平顺啮合。2021/7/26Page 703.When the clutch pedal is depressed,the release bearing moves toward the flywheel,pushing in the pressure plates release fingers and moving the pre
48、ssure plate fingers or levers against pressure plate spring force.踩踏离合器踏板时，分离轴踩踏离合器踏板时，分离轴承朝飞轮方向移动，推入到压盘分离指中，承朝飞轮方向移动，推入到压盘分离指中，使压盘分离指抵住压盘弹簧力。使压盘分离指抵住压盘弹簧力。2021/7/26Page 714.Some drive shafts also have a slip joint that allows the drive shaft to make minor length changes as the car suspension height
49、 changes.一些驱动轴还有伸缩接头，使驱一些驱动轴还有伸缩接头，使驱动轴在汽车悬架高度变换时长度有小的变动轴在汽车悬架高度变换时长度有小的变化。化。2021/7/26Page 72disconnect disknekt v.分离，切断分离，切断engage ingei v.接合，啮合接合，啮合slippage slipi n.滑移，滑动滑移，滑动frictional friknl a.摩擦的摩擦的depress dipres v.压低，压下，按下压低，压下，按下multiply mltiplai v.增加，倍增，增多增加，倍增，增多fork f:k n.叉，离合器叉叉，离合器叉reser
50、voir rezvw:n.储液器储液器2021/7/26Page 73doughnut dunt n.油炸圈饼油炸圈饼impeller impel n.泵轮，轮叶泵轮，轮叶turbine t:bin n.涡轮涡轮stator steit n.导轮导轮vane vein n.叶片叶片blade bleid n.叶片，轮片叶片，轮片propeller prpel n.推进器推进器suspension sspenn n.悬挂，悬架悬挂，悬架2021/7/26Page 74basic component 基础部件基础部件clutch disk(clutch plate)离合器盘离合器盘pressure
