1、Unit 1 Could you please clean your room?,Section A 3 Grammar focus-4c,Revision,根据所学内容，写出下列短语。,叠衣服 做菜 用某人的电脑 扔垃圾 铺床 扫地 熬夜 生某人的气 带出去散步,fold ones clothes do the dishes use ones computer take out the rubbish make the bed sweep the floor stay out late be angry with sb. take sb. for a walk,打扫客厅 在上工作 过来 做家
2、务 搭车,clean the living room work on come over do the housework get a ride,阅读下列句子，观察问句的用法及回答。,Key sentence structures,Could you（please）+ V-原形？ 表示委婉地提出请求,1. Could you please clean your room? Yes, sure./ Of course./ Certainly./All right. 2. Could you please do the dishes? Sorry, I cant. I have to do my
3、homework.,Peter, could you please take out the trash? Sure, Mom. Could you please do the dishes? Sorry, I cant. I have to do my homework.,重难点点评,在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中，常用could代替can，以表示礼貌，委婉或不确定的语气，而can则不具备这些语气。这种情况下不能把could看作can的过去式。以上两句中用could是为了表示礼貌的请求。表示请求帮助或请求允许时，除了can, could之外，还可以用may，句子的表达方式也各有不同，可以
4、用不同的方式来表示同一个概念。例：, Could/Can/May I use your car for a day? I wonder if I could use your car for a day? 对于、句所作允答可以各种各样，如同意可以说Yes或Sure或Certainly，还可说Yes, (do) please. 或Of course. (you may/can). 或Go ahead, please. 或Thats OK/all right; 如果不同意，可以说Im sorry you cant. 或Im really sorry, but I have to use it to
5、day. 要避免说No, you cant. 这样显得很不礼貌。否定回答通常用委婉语气。, Do you mind if I use your car for a day? 对于句所作回答可以说Never mind. /Not at all. 表“不介意”。不能用Yes. /Sure. /Of course. /Certainly.等。无论肯定还是否定应答中，要避免使用could，要用can或may。因为应答须用确定的语气。而could在表请求的问句中是为了表示礼貌或委婉语气，用在应答中则成了不确定语气，与情理不符。所以应答中不说Yes, you could. 或No, you couldnt
6、. 而要说Yes, you can. 或Sorry. /No, you cant.,Could I please use your computer? Sorry, Im going to work on it now. Well, could I watch TV? Yes, you can.,Could I/you please ？表示一种有礼貌的请求或提议，其后连接原形动词，比Can you /I？语气更委婉。类似句型有：,Would you like + sth. / to do sth.? May I + do sth.? Shall we + do sth.? Would you
7、mind + sth. /doing sth.? What / How about + sth. /doing sth.? 肯定回答有Sure. /Of course. / Certainly. /OK. /Great. / Well. / Good idea. / I agree. 等。否定回答有Sorry / No, you cant. 等。,Make up dialogues using the sentences in Grammar Focus with your partner.,A: Could you please take the dog for a walk? B: OK,
8、 but I want to watch one show first.,a. Yes, here you are. b. Hmm. How much do you need? c. Yes, sure. No problem. I finished reading it last night. d. Yes, but dont come back too late. e. No, I cant. I cut my finger and Im trying not to get it wet.,4a Write R for requests and P for permission. Then
9、 match each one with the correct response.,1. _ Could I hang out with my friends after the movies? 出去玩 2. _ Could you please pass me the salt? 3. _ Could I borrow that book? 4. _ Could you help me do the dishes? 5. _ Could you lend me some money?,P,P,R,R,R,d,a,c,e,b,borrow和lend borrow和lend都有“借”的意思，但
10、它们的含义和用法有所不同。 borrow表示“借入”，即把本来不属于自己的东西借来暂时使用，常与介词from连用。如： You can borrow a book from the library. lend表示“借出”，即把属于自己的东西借给别人暂时使用，常与介词to连用，也可以跟双宾语。如： Hes going to lend his bike to Tom. You mustnt lend others my pen.,4b Fill in the blanks in the conversation.,A: I hate to _ chores. B: Well, I hate som
11、e chores too, but I like other chores. A: Really? Great! _ I ask you to _ me with some chores then? B: What do you need help with? A: _ you please _ my clothes for me? B: I dont want to do that! Its boring!,Could,fold,help,do,Could,A: OK. Then _ you _ do the dishes for me? B: Sure, no problem. But _
12、 we go to the movies after that? A: Sure. Ill finish my homework while you help me with the dishes. Then we can go to the movies.,please,could,could,hate用作动词，与like意义相反，意为“憎恨，厌恶，不喜欢”，其后可接名词、代词、动词的-ing形式以及动词不定式等。 e.g. Lily hates mice / them. Jim hated exercising when he was young. I hate to do the lau
13、ndry now.,If we are having a camping trip, what should we do before the trip?,Discussion,What should we do before the trip?,buy some drinks,buy some food,take a big cloth,bring a tent,take an umbrella,take a rubbish bag,bring a camera,prepare some programs,4c Make a list of things your group needs t
14、o do for a camping trip. Then discuss who will do them and complete the chart.,Groupwork,A: Could you please bring a tent, Liu Chang? B: Sure. And could you please? C: Sorry, I cant. I have to ,Homework,Write a letter to your friend to ask him/her to take care of your house when you are on vocation.
15、,Id like to help homeless people. 2. She decided to try out for a volunteer. 3. You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up. 4. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job. 5. She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read. 6. Im taking some signs
16、to put up around the school.,Revision,could 是情态动词can的过去式, 但常用来表示委婉的语气，此时与过去式无关，语气比can 更委婉。可以用来表示建议或劝告，意为“可以；不妨”。 1).The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up. 2).The boy could give out food at the food bank. 3).The girl could volunteer in an after-school study program to te
17、ach kids. 4).The boy could help to clean up the city parks.,一.Use could for suggestions,Grammar,5).-I need to get some money to pay for summer camp. What should I do? - I think maybe you could get a part- time job. - Could you let me have your passport? - Yes, here it is.,知识链接 could表示“能力”或“可能性”，作为ca
18、n的过去形式。如： Could you speak English then？ 那时你能讲英语吗？,二.短语动词 Phrasal verbs,Grammar,短语动词是指英语中有些动词和其他词类一起连用，构成一个固定词组，可看成一个整体，相当于一个单独的动词，这种组合称之为短语动词。短语动词的构成基本有下列几种:,动词+ 介词 此类短语动词可以用作及物动词, 后面必须接宾语。 Look at the blackboard, please! 请看黑板！ 此类短语动词还有listen to, depend on / upon, look for, deal with, look after, ta
19、ke after, wait for等。,动词+ 副词 此类短语动词既可以用作及物动词, 也可以用作不及物动词。 I get up very early every morning. 我每天早晨都很早起床。 Can you work out this problem? 你能做出这道题吗？,注意: 当此类短语动词用作及物动词时, 如果宾语是名词, 可以将其放在短语的后面, 也可以放在动词和副词之间；如果宾语是代词, 则必须将其放在动词和副词之间。,He put on his clothes quickly. = He put his clothes on quickly. 他快速地穿上了衣服。
20、Please wake me up at five tomorrow morning. 请明天早晨五点钟叫醒我。,此类短语动词还有： clean up, cheer up, give out, eat up, fix up, give up, give away, hand out, help out, put off, put up, take off等。,动词+ 副词+ 介词 此类短语动词可以用作及物动词。 Were running out of water. 我们的水快用光了。 此类短语动词还有come up with, do well in, look forward to, look
21、 down upon, look out of, put up with等。,动词+名词+介词 此类短语动词的意义取决于名词,而不是动词,修饰时不用副词而用形容词。 We should take good care of our parents. 我们应该好好照顾我们的父母。 此类短语动词还有make use of, take pride in, make friends with, pay attention to等。,4a,Fill in the blanks with the phrasal verbs in the box.,1. I want to _ my plan to work
22、 in an animal hospital until next summer. Im too busy with my studies this year. 2. She hopes to _ at least five primary schools to ask if they need to volunteers for their after-school programs.,put up hand out call up cheer up come up with give out put off,put off,call up,put up hand out call up c
23、heer up come up with give out put off,3. Our class is trying to _ some ideas to _ sick children because they are often sad. 4. We decided to _ signs around the school and _ notices to tell students about the book sale. We will _ the money from the sale to homeless people.,come up with,cheep up,put u
24、p,hand out,give out,1.You are so handsome. I think you might _ your father. A. look after B. take after C. look up D. look for 2. My pet dog is lost. Could you please help me _? A. look it for B. look them for C. look for it D. look for them 3. The computer doesnt work. Lets _. A. fix up it B. fix i
25、t up C. fix up them D. fix them up,4. Bob cant buy any new books because he has _ his money. A. run out B. run out of C. ran out D. ran out of 5. The tree is very tall. I cant _ now. A. get down B. turn down C. get out D. turn off 6. Im going on vacation. Could you please _ my dog while I am away? A
26、. take care B. take care of C. took care D. took care of 7. You must pay attention _ your pronunciation. A. at B. with C. to D. in 8. I think parents should be strict _ their children. A. is B. about C. of D. with,三.动词不定式 Infinitive,当我们要表示“想做某事、需要做某事或决定做某事”时，就会出现两个动词连用的情况，这时应如何表达呢？ 同学们自然会想到 want to
27、do sth., need to do sth.和 decide to do sth. 等表达方式。,主要行为动词后面的动词采用“to+动词原形”的结构，我们把这种结构称为动词不定式（有时可以不带to）。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。下面我们一起来看一下动词不定式有哪些语法功能。,1.什么是动词不定式？,1). 不定式作宾语 动词不定式作动词的宾语。学习不定式 作宾语时,要注意掌握后接不定式作宾语的动 词。常见动词有: want, hope, wish, like, begin, try, agree, help 等。 Many people decide not to t
28、hink about it. 许多人决定不去想这件事。 I want to go to the library. 我想去图书馆。,2. 动词不定式的主要语法功能：,动词 + to do sth.的固定搭配： want to do sth. want sb. to do sth decide to do sth. tell sb. to do sth hope to do sth. plan to do sth. offer to do sth. agree to do sth. learn to do sth. ask sb. to do sth. invite sb. to do sth,H
29、ell use what he has _ her a new dress. (无锡中考) A. bought B. to buy C. buying D. been bought 2. - Mum, can I have something _? - Oh, dear. You can only drink some water. There is _ in the kitchen. (宿迁中考) A. to drink; nothing else B. drinking; something else C. to eat; something else D. eating; nothing
30、 else 【解析】选A。不定式作定语修饰名词或代词时要放在后面，先排除B、D二项；由关键信息You can only drink some water. 可排除C。 3. (2005武汉) Mother asks me _ computer games before finishing my homework. A. not play B. to play C. not to play D. to not play,B,C,3).动词不定式作介词but和except的宾语。介词之前有行为动词do或它的其它形式时，不定式符号to通常被省略。 e.g.1).He had no choice bu
31、t to sit there as usual. 他没有什么选择，只好像往常一样坐在那儿。 2).I have no other wish except to pass the examination . 我除了要通过考试之外，没有别的心愿。 3).He cant do anything but wait for me there. 他什么也不能做，只好在那等我。,2). 动词不定式作形容词的宾语。这类形容词有: able, afraid, angry, careful, easy等。如： I am very happy to meet you. 我见到你很高兴。 She is afraid
32、to walk at night. 她害怕走夜路。 It is easy to understand the cartoon.看懂这部卡通片很容易。,( ) 1. He wants _ some vegetables. A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys ( ) 2. Dont forget _ your homework with you when you come to school. A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking ( ) 3. He found it very difficult _. A. s
33、leeping B. sleeps C. slept D. to fall asleep,C,A,D,Practice,2. 动词不定式做宾语补足语,不定式做宾语补足语是对宾语的补充说明。 1).带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有：要求允许提议(ask, allow, advise)，期望邀请鼓励 (expect, invite, encourage)，教导告诉想要 (teach, tell, want)，等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。如： Id invite her to have dinner at my house. We s
34、hould allow the children to choose their own clothes.,2）不带to的不定式作宾补 在主动句里，动词不定式在使役动词 (make, let, have)或感官动词 (feel, listen to, hear, look at, see, watch, notice)之后作宾补时，不定式需省去to。包括四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch；三“让”：have, let, make；二“听”：hear, listen to；一“感觉”：feel；一“注意”：notice。,e.g.1).I felt someone
35、 open my door. 我感觉有人开了我的门。 2).Please listen to me sing the song again. 请听我把这首歌再唱一遍。,3).You cant let the boy stand in the sun. 你不能让那孩子站在太阳底下。 4).You must watch me carefully do everything. 你必须仔细观察我所做的一切。,Notice： 感官动词后既可跟省略to的不定式作宾补，也可跟现在分词作宾补。其区别是：前者强调动作的全过程或经常性；后者则强调动作在进行(片断)。 1).I heard her sing. 我听
36、见她唱了歌。 2).I heard her singing. 我听见她正在唱歌。,3).带to或不带to的不定式作宾补 动词help后接动词不定式作补语，to可带可不带。 e.g.1).They can help you to learn English. 2).Using email English helps you write quickly.,4).不定式做宾语补足语时，如果要表达否定的意思，要在to do前加not, 构成not to do的形式。e.g.1).Tom told me not to touch anything. 2).Mother asked us not to m
37、ake too much noise.,3. 不定式作状语 不定式常常作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。不定式作状语时，要注意不定式的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。 e.g.1).I came to Beijing to see my grandpa. 我来北京看望我爷爷。 2).Im glad to meet you！很高兴见到你！ 3).Im too tired to walk. 我太累了，走不动了。,1）目的状语,如果想要表达“做某事是为了什么”，可以用动词不定式表示目的，作目的状语。不定式做目的状语时，可以放在句首，页可以放在句尾。置于句首时常表示强调。 e.g.1). In ord
38、er to catch the early bus, she got up very early. 2).A group of young people got together to discuss this question. 3).She came to this city to visit her daughter.,2）原因状语，多见于“sb.+be+adj.+to do.”结构句中。 e.g.1).I feel very lucky to have him. 2).He ran out of money to buy old bikes. 3）结果状语，多见于“too . to”，
39、“enough to .”结构句中。 e.g.1). Im too tired to do it well. 2).The room is big enough for three people to live in.,4b,Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.,help move do make visit spend,Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs _ lots of money. In their free
40、time, they think about what _ for fun. However, few people think about what they can do _ others.,to make,to do,to help,There are many people who are less lucky than us. Volunteering our time to help these people is a good way _ our free time. For example, we can make plans _ sick children in the ho
41、spital or raise money for homeless people. Some people even stop doing their jobs for a few months or a year _ to another place, like one of the countries in Africa, and help people there.,to spend,to visit,to move,4c,Complete the sentences with your own ideas. Use infinitives.,1. Id like to volunte
42、er _ _. 2. At 12:00 a.m., I called my friend _ _. 3. Im very busy but I could help _ _.,at the food bank and help to give out food to the homeless people,to ask him an important question,to paint the house for a few hours tomorrow,4. Summer vacation is coming, and I want _. 5. I want to travel alone
43、. My parents told me _ _.,to visit my grandparents in Hunan,not to do that because I am too young and it is not safe,Phrases Focus.,Im too busy with my studies this year.今年我太忙于我的学习。 Be busy with sth. / be busy doing sth. 忙于/忙于做,2.She hopes to call up at least five primary schools to ask if they need
44、 volunteers for their after-school programs. at least 至少， primary school小学 , 后面是if 引导的一般疑问句作的宾语从句：为了课文项目他们是否需要志愿者。,3.Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs to make lots of money. be worried about 为.担忧， about是介词+doing(动名词)，get good jobs 找到好工作, 动词不定式to make money 挣钱 做目的状语。,4. Volun
45、teering our time to help these people is a good way to spend our free time. 这是动名词（v+ing）作主语，volunteer ones time to do 志愿用的时间做., spend ones free time度过业余时光 。,5.few , little 表否定，几乎没有； a little, a few 表少数/几个。Few修饰可数名词复数，little修饰不可数名词原形。此外a little 还可修饰比较级表示一点。 e.g. 1.He has pears in his bag, but has mon
46、ey in the bag. 2. she is taller than her sister this year.,6. We will give out the money from the sale to homeless people. homeless people 无家可归的人 ，类似的还有： hopeless 无望的， useless 无用的。,a few,little,a little,我会说短语,忙于做某事 小学 至少 学校周围 售书 无家可归的人们 为担忧,be busy doing sth. primary school at least around the school book sale homeless people be worried about sth.,找到好工作 挣钱 不比幸运 志愿用时间做 为筹钱 离职做.,get good job make money less lucky than volunteer ones time to do sth. raise money for sth. stop doing ones job to do sth.,1. I told Bob _ the TV since it was too late. （2001陕西） A. turn off B. turns off C. turning
