1、八年级英语上册Unit 3知识点【Section A】一、重点单词及短语1.rainstorm 暴风雨 n.rainstorm可数名词，由rain+storm构成的合成词。例：The rainstorm lasted all day.暴风雨持续了一整天。2.go off 发出响声，（闹钟）闹响，离开例：The alarm went off just now.刚才闹钟响了拓展go over 复习 go away 离开 go for a walk 出去散步go fishing/shopping/skating/swimming 去钓鱼/去买东西/去溜冰/去游泳3.begin 开始 v.begin的
2、过去式为began, begin to do/doing sth.意为“开始做某事”例：Tom always begins doing/to do his homework at 7pm.汤姆总是在晚上7点开始做作业。拓展在以下情况下，通常用begin to do sth.主语是物而不是人时例：It began to rain.天开始下雨。句中用了其-ing形式时例：It was beginning to get angry.我开始生起气来。begin后的动词为know，understand，realize等表示心理活动的同时例：They began to understand each ot
3、her.他们开始彼此理解了。4. heavily 在很大程度上；大量地adv.常用来修饰动词表示程度。形容风大的时候常用 strong/hard，形容雨雪下得大的时候用 heavily/hard.例：The wind is blowing strong.风在呼呼的刮。It began to rain heavily.雨开始下大了。拓展heavily的形容词形式heavy ，意为“沉重的；重的”例：How heavy are you? 你多重？5.pick up 接电话例：I called you but you didnt pick up.我给你打电话了，但你没接。拓展pick up的其他用法
4、捡起；拾起例：I picked up a wallet on my way home.在回家的路上，我捡到了一个钱包。（开车）接某人例：I will pick you up at the station.我将在站台接你。学到；获得例：He was picking up the skills quickly.他正在快速的获得这些技能。6.strange 奇特的；奇怪的 adj.例：Its strange that she came to the party.很奇怪，她竟然来参加聚会。拓展strange的形容词为strange 陌生的，名词为stranger 陌生人例：He stands in a
5、 strange street.他站在一个陌生的街道上。7.light 光；光线；光亮 n.例：The light isnt good enough to take a photo.光线亮度不够，没法拍照。拓展light的其他用法 可数名词，“灯”例：The car hasnt got its front lights on.那辆汽车的前灯还没有打开。形容词，“明亮的”，“轻的”例：I would like the light blue shirt.我想要那件亮蓝色的衬衣。You can carry this bag.Its very light.你拿得动这个包。它很轻。动词，“点亮”，过去式
6、lit/lighted例：I saw him enter the room, sit down and light a cigarette.我看见他走进房间，坐了下来，点燃了一根香烟。8.wood 木头；木材 n.wood为不可数名词，a piece of wood 一块木头例：He put some wood in the fire.他在火里放了一些木块。拓展woods意为“树林”， 此时作可数名词例：She is afraid to walk through the woods at night.他害怕晚上穿过森林。9. beat 敲打；冲击；（心脏、脉搏等）跳动 v.不及物动词，意为“敲
7、打；（风、雨等冲击）”例：The rain is beating heavily against the window.雨正在重重的敲打着窗户。拓展beat也可作及物动词，“敲打；锤砸；打败”例：It seems someone is beating a drum.似乎好像有人在敲鼓。辨析beat, winu beat v.打败 后接比赛、竞争的对手或团队作宾语u win v.赢得 后接比赛、奖品、战争、金钱等作宾语 (如：race, match, game)例：I beat him and won the race.我打败了他，赢得了这场比赛。10.against 碰；撞；倚着；靠着 pre
8、p.例：The rain beat against the car windscreen.雨水敲打着车的挡风玻璃。Put the piano there, with its back against the wall.把钢琴放在那里，背靠着墙。拓展against 介词，意为“反对；违反”例：They are against the plan.他们反对这个计划。That is against the law.那是违法的。11.fall asleep 进入梦乡；睡着fall asleep意为“进入梦乡；睡着”，相当于go to sleep, 表示短暂性动作，后面不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。例：S
9、he was very tired so she fell asleep soon.她很累，因此很快睡着了。辨析asleep, sleepy和sleepingu asleep 形容词，睡着，常作表语或宾语补足语，不能作定语。例：She is asleep on the sofa.他在沙发上睡着了。u sleepy 形容词，瞌睡的；困倦的，常作表语和定语。例：I feel sleepy now.我现在感觉困了。u sleeping形容词， 意为“睡着的”，常作定语；还可以表示与“睡觉”相关的东西。例：The man wants to buy a sleeping bag.这个人想买一个睡袋。12
10、.die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失die动词“死亡”，现在分词为dying例：After a while, the loud music began to die down.过了一会儿，吵闹的音乐声开始减弱。拓展die out 灭绝 die of/from因而死去（内部因素/外部因素）13. rise 升起；增加；提高 v.不及物动词，过去式rose。例：Smoke rose from the chimney.炊烟从烟囱中升起。辨析rise 与 raiseu rise 不及物动词，着重指“升起；增加；提高”，主语通常是升高的物体本身。例：The sun rises in the east.
11、太阳从东方升起。u raise 及物动词, 着重指“抬起；举起；提起”, 强调把某物从较低处抬（举、提）到较高处；也可以指提高价值、声誉、地位、工资等。 过去式为raised。主语常为人。例：The girl raised the box to the truck.这个女孩把箱子抬到了卡车上。14.icy 覆盖着冰的;冰冷的 adj.由名词ice(冰)去加-y构成。例：Its not easy to walk on the icy roads。在结满冰的路面上行走不容易。拓展ice不可数名词,意为“冰”。例：The boy isnt afraid of cold.He is holding a
12、 piece of ice.这个男孩不怕冷,手里拿着一块冰。英语中,一些与天气有关的名词,加后缀y可构成相应的形容词(个别单词须双写最后的辅音字母再加y)。cloud云 cloudy多云的 rain雨rainy下雨的snow雪 snowy下雪的 wind风 windy有风的sun太阳sunny阳光充足的 fog雾 foggy多雾的二、重点句子1.What were people doing yesterday at the time of the rainstorm? 昨天当暴风雨来临的时候人们正在做些什么？at the time of 在的时候，常用于过去进行时。例：What were yo
13、u doing at the time of the earthquake? 地震时，你在做什么？2.I ran to the bus stop but I still missed the bus.我跑向公共汽车站但还是错过了公共汽车。miss 此处作及物动词，意为“没赶上，错过”后接名词、代词或动词- ing形式。例：Be quick! Or you will miss the early bus.快点！要不然你就赶不上早班车了。拓展 及物动词，意为“想念；思念”例：I miss you very much.我非常想念你。 用于姓名或姓之前，是对未婚女子的称呼，但首字母要大写，“小姐；女生
14、”Miss Li李小姐 Miss Green格林小姐3.when the rainstorm suddenly came, what were you doing?当暴风雨突然来临时,你正在做什么?（1）when此处作从属连词,意为“当的时候,引导时间状语从句,其谓语动词既可以是非延续性动词,也可以是延续性动词;谓语动词动作发生的时间与主句谓语动词的动作是同时、之前或之后。例：My mother was cooking supper when I got home.当我到家的时候,妈妈正在做晚饭。She began to play the piano when she was five yea
15、rs old.当她5岁的时候,她开始弹钢琴。Ill tell you when he comes当他来的时候,我会告诉你。（2）suddenly副词,意为“突然,忽然”,在句中多修饰动词或句子,作状语。例：I suddenly remembered that I didnt bring my key我突然想起我没有带钥匙。4.I called again at eight and you didnt answer then either.我8点又打电话,你那时也没接。either此处作副词,意为“也(不)”,只用于否定句。例：I dont like physics and he doesnt
16、like it either.我不喜欢物理,他也不喜欢拓展either作代词,意为“(两者中的)一个”。例：Here are two books.You can take either of them。这儿有两本书。你可以拿走其中的一本。辨析 either,also与toou either“也(不)”,用于否定句,一般放在句末例：I didnt come to school yesterday, either我昨天也没来学校。u also“也”,一般用于肯定句,常放在句中,即be动词、助动词、情态动词后、实义动词前例：She speaks English and she also writes
17、 English.她说英语，也说英语。u too“也”一般用于肯定句或疑问句，常放在句末例：Are you going to work,too?你也去上班吗？5.So while you were sleeping, I called Jenny and she helped me.因此在你睡觉的时候,我打电话给珍妮,她帮了我。while此处作从属连词,意为“当的时候,在期间”,引导时间状语从句,其谓语动词般为延续性动词。它强调主句的动作在从句动作的过程中发生,或者主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生,且持续时间一般较长。例：He fell asleep while he was listening
18、 to music他在听音乐时睡着了。辨析while与whenu while “当的时候，在期间”其谓语动词一般为延续性动词，主句的动作发生在while从句 所表达的时间段之内，或主从句同时发生。例：While he was walking in the park，the accident happened.当他在公园里散步时意外发生了。u when“当的时候”其谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词。when从句的动作既可以与主句的动作同时发生，也可以先后发生。例：The sun was rising when we got to the top of the mountain.当我
19、们到达山顶时，太阳正在升起。拓展while与when在过去进行时中位置的转换例：While John was playing the guitar, Mary left the house.约翰在弹吉他时,玛丽离开了家。John was playing the guitar when Mary left the house。当玛丽离开家时,约翰在弹吉他。6.Although the storm broke many things apart, it brought families and neighbors closer together.虽然这场暴风雨拆散了许多东西,但是它把家人和邻居们的
20、距离拉得更近了。apart作副词,此处意为“分离;分开”。例：She took the radio apart to repair it.她把收音机拆开修理。He isnt apart from his family.他没与家人分离。拓展apart还作副词,意为“相距,相隔”例：The two houses stood 500 meters apart.两座房子相距500米。7.What other things can bring people closer together?还有什么事能使人们距离更近?辨析 other与elseother和else都有“其他的;别的”之意,但在用法上有所区
21、别:u other 形容词 修饰名词时,须放在名词之前;还可以位于代词one或ones前起修饰作用例：Where are the other boys?其他的男孩在哪里?u else副词 主要用在who, whose,what, where,when等疑问词或 nobody, nothing，somebody, something, anybody, anything等不定代词之后例：What else would you like?你还想要什么?Where else are you going to stay?你们要在别的什么地方停留?8.But luckily, the driver wa
22、s fine.但很幸运,司机是没事的。luckily副词,意为“幸运地;幸亏”,作状语。例：Luckily, she found her book幸运的是,她找到了她的书。拓展lucky形容词,意为“幸运的;好运的”。例：Some people seem to be always lucky有些人似乎总是很幸运。luck不可数名词,意为“好运;幸运;运气”。例：Good luck to you!祝你好运!【Section B】一、重点单词及短语1.make ones way 前往；费力地前进make ones way to.意为“前往某地，费力去某地”。例：They are making th
23、eir way to the cinema.他们正费力赶往电影院。拓展by the way顺便说，顺便问一下get in the way of挡的路，妨碍 on ones way to.在去的路上2.pupil 学生 n.pupil为可数名词，多指小学生。例：There are forty pupils in the class.班上有40名学生。3.in silence 沉默；无声silence不可数名词,意为“沉默;缄默;无声”。例：She is eating dinner in silence.她默默地吃着晚饭。There was nothing but silence in the r
24、oom房间里一片寂静。拓展 silent形容词,意为“寂静的,无声的”。例：He kept silent when he heard the news.当听到这个消息时他保持了沉默。4.take down 拆除；拆掉take down为“动词+副词”结构，宾语为名词时刻放在take和down的中间或down的后面，但宾语为代词时，只能放在take和down中间。拓展take down还可意为“往下拽，记录”例：Please take down your shirt.请把你的衬衫往下拽拽。Reporters took down every word of his speech.记者把他讲的每一句
25、话都记录下来。5.truth 事情；事实 n.truth不可数名词,意为“实情;事实;真相”。tell the truth说实话。例：The boy never tells the truth.那个男孩从不说实话。We found out the truth about her我们了解到有关她的事实。拓展true形容词,意为“真实的;真正的”。truly副词,意为“真实地,确实地”,修饰形容词、副词或动词。例：It s true that he succeeded.他成功了,是真的。She was truly sorry for her mistakes.她确实因她的错误而抱歉。二、重点句子1
26、.What event happened at the school yesterday? 昨天学校发生了什么事？happen 发生；碰巧（指偶然性发生）常有以下四种用法 sth.happens/happened+地点/时间 意为“某地/某时发生了某事”例：An accident happened in that street.那条街上发生了一起事故。 sth.happens/happened to sb.某事发生在某人身上例：A car accident happened to her this morning.今天上午她发生了一起车祸。 sb.happens/happened to do
27、sth.某人碰巧做某事例：I happened to meet her in the street.我碰巧在街上遇见了她。 It happens/happened that 碰巧或恰巧发生某事例：It happened that Lily and Tom were at home that day.碰巧那天莉莉和汤姆在家里。2. I was so scared that I could hardly think clearly after that.我是那么害怕以至于我几平不能清楚地想起那之后的事。（1） scared形容词,意为“害怕的;恐惧的”,常作表语,近义词为 afraid 。be s
28、cared of.害怕be scared to do sth.害怕做某事。例：She is scared of mice.她害怕老鼠。I am scared to go out alone at night.我害怕晚上一个人出去。（2）辨析hardly与hardu hardly副词,意为“几乎不”,修饰动词,表示否定含义例：He hardly watch TV.他几乎不看电视。u hard作形容词,意为“难的; 辛苦的”,修饰名词例：Ive had a long hard day.我这一天是又长又累。作副词,意为“努力地; 猛烈地”,修饰动词例：We should work hard.我们应当
29、努力工作。3.September 11, 2001- the date alone means something to most people in the US.2001 年9月11日仅是这个日期对美国的大多数人来说就意味着某事。（1）alone此处作副词,意为“只有;仅仅”,常用于名词或代词之后。例：Time alone will tell.(谚语)日久自明。You alone can help me.只有你才能帮助我。辨析 alone与onlyu alone “只有;仅仅”,要放在被修饰的名词或代词之后例：She did the work for money alone.她做这份工作仅
30、仅是为了钱。u only“只有;仅仅”,要在所修饰的名词或代词之前例：Only he knows the truth.只有他知道真相。（2） mean( meant, meant)此处作及物动词,意为“意思是”。其名词 meaning意为“意思;含义”。例：What does this word mean?=What is the meaning of this word?这个单词是什么意思?The wordmean has several meanings.单词mean有几种意思。辨析 mean doing sth.与 mean to do sthu mean doing sth 意味着做某
31、事例：Accepting the job means working abroad.接受那份工作意味着在国外工作。u mean to do sth.打算做某事例：I dont mean to let you down.我没打算让你失望。4. I had trouble thinking clearly after that because I was very afraid.我难以清楚地想起那以后的事,因为我很害怕。have trouble(in) doing sth.为固定结构,意为“做某事有困难或麻烦”。表示类似意思的结构还有:have problems/difficulty (in) d
32、oing sth.例：Thousands of people have trouble falling asleep.成千上万的人都有难以入睡的困扰。5.While my brother was laughing, the television news reported that other people had seen the light as well.当我哥哥在笑的时候,电视新闻报道别人也已经看见了亮光。（1） had seen为过去完成时的结构,过去完成时表示在过去某个时间或动作之前就已经发生或完成的动作,即:过去的过去,由“had+过去分词”构成。例：The film had b
33、egun when he got to the cinema当他到达电影院时,电影已经开始了。（2） as well.为“也,还”,常用于肯定句或疑间句,且放在句末,在句中作状语。例：Are they coming as well!?他们也来吗?She speaks Japanese as well.她也说日语。辨析 as well与 as well asu as well “也；还”作副词例：He is a singer, and an actor as well.他既是歌手,也是演员。u as well as “既又;不仅而且,作并列连词例： She grows flowers as well1as vegetables.她既种莱也种花。7
